PHA 200 Exam

what are the site of injection for insulin?

- abdomen - front of thighs - back of upper arms - upper buttocks

What are the nursing assessments for administering metoprolol?

- ax apical pulse for one min (why: can cause high heart rate, just good protocol) - monitor I&O - monitor weight gain - ax for signs of heart failure

What is the expected outcome for digoxin?

- lower edema - lower HR - lower crackles in lungs

what are the patient teaching for digoxin?

-advise patient not to stop abruptly -caution using with OTC meds -report any loss of appetite, lower stomach pain - ask to report SOB and difficulty breathing

what is the indication for diphenhydramine?

-allergy symptoms -motion sickness

what are the problematic medications for older adults?

-analgesics -anticoagulants -sedatives and hypnotics (why: falls) - antidepressants

what is the nursing interventions for warfarin?

-antidote is vitamin k -monitor bloodwork (hemocrit, platelets, INR) - check for bleeding and rash

what is the nursing intervention of aspirin?

-asses for pain and fever -monitor blood work (CBC, hemocrit, hemoglobin) - assess for toxicity in the liver

what is the nursing interventions for lorazepam?

-assess degree of anxiety -access alcohol withdrawal syndromes -monitor BP -monitor hepatic studies

what is the nursing interventions for haldol?

-assess mental status, mood, behaviour -monitor I&O -monitor CBC, liver function tests - monitor BP

what is the indication for digoxin?

-atrial fibrillation -heart failure

what is the patient teaching for warfarin?

-avoid OTC medications unless approved -medication should be held during menstruation -use soft bristle toothbrush

what are the nursing interventions for digoxin?

-ax apical pulse for 1 min - monitor electrolytes - monitor ECG

What are the nursing assessments for digoxin?

-ax for apical pulse for 1 min - monitor electrolyte to ax for toxicity - monitor ECG

what is the action for aspirin?

-blocks pain impulses by blocking in CNS -inhibits prostaglandin synthesis ---> reduces inflammation -vasodilation of peripheral vessels ---> antipyretic

what is the therapeutic outcome for lorazepam?

-decreased anxiety -relaxation

what is the therapeutic outcome for lasix?

-decreased edema -decreased BP

what is the indication for amoxycillin?

-infections of the resp tract - otis media - ulcers due to h pylori

What are the nursing assessments for antidysrhythmics?

-measure patients BP and HR -check kidney and liver function tests

what is the nursing interventions for lasix?

-monitor I&O -check for crackles in lungs -monitor electrolytes -assess BP

what is the patient teaching for lorazepam?

-notify prescriber on preganancy - advise patient

Patient teaching and safety for anticoagulants

-report excessive bleeding -use soft bristle brush (why: could lead to gum bleeding)

what are the assessments done before giving narcotics?

-resp assessments -allergies

what are the patient teaching for aspirin?

-sit upright -8 oz of water -do not exceed recommended dosage

different types of antibiotics

-sulfonamies -penicillins -cephalosporins -tetracyclines -aminoglycosides -fluroquinolones -macrolides

what is the patient teaching for haldol?

-teach patient about good oral hygiene -ask patient to avoid hazardous activities -rise slowly (why: orthostatic hypotension)

what is patient education for lasix?

-teach patient to take early in the morning (why: nocturia) -take with food to avoid nausea and anorexia -maintain weight -advise to not consume alcohol or sue OTC meds

What is anticoagulants used for?

-will not work on already existing clots -will prevent future clots

What is the onset of long acting insulin?

1 hour

What is the onset of intermediate acting insulin?

1-3 hours

what is the duration of intermediate acting insulin?

12-16 hours

what is the onset of rapid acting insulin?

15-30 min

What is the therapeutic range for INR?

2-3 for patients on warfarin

what is the peak of short acting insulin?

2-4 hours

What is the therapeutics range for PTT?

25-35 seconds

what is the duration of rapid acting insulin?

3-5 hours

what is the onset of short acting insulin?

30 mins to 1 hour

what is the peak of rapid acting insulin?

30-90 mins

what is the duration of short acting insulin?

5-8 hours

How is dosage determined for heparin?

5000 units and then 10 000 units

What is the peak of intermediate acting insulin?

6-10 hours

What is beta-blockers used for?

*blocks beta receptor sites* -lowers BP -slows down HR -treats dysthymias

What is an example of a rapid acting insulin?

Humalog

What is an example of short acting insulin?

Humulin R

what is an example of intermediate acting insulin?

Humulin R

What is the action of anti-hypertensives?

lowers blood pressure

what is the peak of long acting insulin?

minimal

What is heparin obtained from?

intestinal mucusa of a pig

aminoglycosides

kills bacteria

what is a contraindication of docustate sodium?

nausea/vomiting

what is the classification for aspirin?

nonopiod analgesic

What are corticosteroids used for?

Anti-inflammatory

what is the classification for warfarin?

Anticoagulant

what is the specific trade name for ipatropium

Atrovent

penicillins

Group of antibiotics that are often used to treat infections by gram-positive bacteria.

what is the mechanism of action for lorazepam?

Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA

different types of antacids

H2 receptors proton pump inhibitor

what is sedative?

Drugs that can have a calming effect on a person's behavior

What are calcium channel blockers?

Drugs that prevent calcium ions from entering cells

what is the trade name for levothyroxine?

Eltoxin

what is the trade name for lasix?

Furosemide

what is the trade name for digoxin?

Lanoxin

what is the classification for lasix?

loop diuretic

what is the action of metaprolol?

lowers BP by beta blocking effect

What are the ten rights of medication administration?

On MAR 1. Right patient 2. Right medication 3. Right Dose 4. Right time + frequency 5. Right route 6. Right reason At Bedside *patient identification 7. Right to refuse 8. Right education After administration 9. Right evaluation 10. Right documentation

what is the route for warfarin?

PO

What are the med checks?

Pre-lim check 1st check 2nd check Pour 3rd check

What is anticoagulant?

Substances that prevent blood from clotting

What to do if med error occurs?

Tell manager/head nurse Take recommendation Fill out incident report

Which site is highest rate of absorption for insulin?

abdomen

what are some common side effects of metformin?

abdominal bleeding cramping fullness metallic taste

what is the therapeutic outcome for carbidopa levopdopa?

absence of involuntary movement

What are vasodilators?

agents that widen the blood vessels

what is the classification for flagyl?

anti-infective

what is nitroglycerin?

antianginal, coronary vasodialator

what is the classification for metaprolol?

antihypertensive

what is the classification for carbidopa levodopa?

antiparkinsonism agent

what is the classification for haldol?

antipsychotic

what is the indication for lorazepam?

anxiety insomnia

what is the nursing interventions for metaporlol?

asses apical for 1 min monitor I&O check for signs of heart failure

what is the nursing interventions for carbidopa levodopa?

assess BP monitor I & O assess muscle twitching monitor for constipation monitor renal studies ​

what is the nursing interventions for salbutamol?

assess resp function assess bronchispasm

What is important for patient safety for diuretics?

ax of fluid volume (dehydration can occur)

what is the medication for alcohol withdrawal?

benzodiapine (ex. lorazepam or Ativan)

H2 receptor antagonists

block the h2 receptor of acid producing cells in the stomach

what is the classification for salbutamol?

bronchodilator

What are diuretics?

chemicals that enhance urinary output

common cold treatment

combination therapy of: -antihistamines -nasal decongestants -antitussives -expectorants

what is the therapeutic outcome for metaprolol?

decreased BP decreased HR

what is the therapeutic outcome for haldol?

decreased S&S of psychosis

what is the mechanism of action for haldol?

depresses cerebral cortex

what is the mechanism of action for salbutamol?

dialates airways by stimulating beta adrenergic receptors

how does nitroglycerin work?

dilates coronary artery and improves blood flow

what is the patient teaching for salbutamol?

do not use OTC meds without consulting prescriber teach patient to use inhaler use spacing device on geriatric population

what is a common side effect of nitroglycerin?

headache

what is the common side effect for benzodiazepines

heart palpitations

what is a hyponotic?

improves quality of sleep

what is the mechanism of action for carbidopa levodopa?

increases levodopa which converts dopamine

Sulfonamies

inhibit bacteria growth

Cephalosporins

inhibit cell wall synthesis

proton pump inhibitor

inhibits ATPase enzyme in gastric cell

fluroquionolones

inhibits bacterial synthesis

tetracyclines

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30 S ribosome

what is the action for warfarin?

interferes with blood clotting

naloxene is an antidote for which medication?

opioid overdose

what is metformin?

oral antidiabetic.

what is the common trade name for pantoprazole?

pantoloc

what is the therapeutic outcome for warfarin?

prevention of clotting prevention of pulmonary embolism

what risk can occur with nausea and vomiting?

risk for dehydration

what is the classification for lorazepam?

sedative-hypnotic

different classification of pain

somatic visceral superficial vascular referred neuropathic phantom cancer psychogenic central

macrolides

suppresses and inhibit bacterial growth

What toxicity results from digoxin?

symptom: yellow-green halo

what is the patient education for metaprolol?

take immediately after meals do not discontinue abruptly take at bedtime to prevent ortho hypotension

what is the patient teaching for carbidopa levodopa?

teach patient to change position slowly patient should report side effects use product as prescribed

what is the indication for furosemide?

trade name: lasix -edema -high blood pressure

what route has the longest duration for nitroglycerin

transdermal

what is the duration of long acting insulin?

up to 24 hours

Vitamin K is an antidote for which medications?

warfarin