Pharm Ch 10

After teaching a group of students about metabolic syndrome, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which characteristic?

Triglyceride level above 150 mg/dL

How should the nurse instruct the client to take his lovastatin?

With food

The nurse explains to a client the action of a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. What enzyme does the nurse state this drug inhibits?

an enzyme that controls the production of cellular cholesterol

A 62-year-old man has been prescribed extended-release lovastatin. The nurse will instruct the patient to take the medication:

at bedtime.

In addition to being synthesized in the liver and intestine, from where are blood lipids derived?

diet

The nurse cares for a 10-year-old client who has been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. What is the most common cause of hypercholesterolemia in pediatric clients?

familial connection

A client taking atorvastatin presents to the clinic reporting acute muscle pain not associated with exercise or injury. The nurse asks questions to determine if this client has been taking what contraindicated substance?

grapefruit juice

The client is diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and prescribed lovastatin. Which is the most common adverse effects of lovastatin?

headache and flatulence.

A nurse is caring for a male patient who has a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). His drug therapy includes lovastatin. Because the patient has a history of severe renal disease, the nurse will assess for a(n):

increase in plasma concentration of lovastatin.

A client diagnosed with coronary artery disease has been prescribed fluvastatin. When reviewing this client's recent laboratory values, what finding should the nurse attribute to adverse effects of this medication?

increased liver enzyme levels

The nurse is preparing to teach a client about diet therapy when beginning bile sequestrant medication to lower lipid levels. What important point will the nurse include in the teaching plan?

increasing fiber intake

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking ezetimibe and monitors the client for what common adverse effects?

mild abdominal pain and diarrhea

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with high serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In teaching the client about therapeutic lifestyle changes and the use of medications, the nurse explains the desired goal for cholesterol levels is what?

reduced LDL values and increased HDL values

The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed atorvastatin. In what way will the nurse describe how the drug achieves its desired therapeutic effect?

reduces the amount of cholesterol synthesized by the liver

The nurse is preparing to teach a client with hyperlipidemia about the prescribed cholestyramine. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize for the client?

"Eat foods high in dietary fiber."

The nurse is taking a health history on a 58-year-old client who is taking atorvastatin for high cholesterol. What assessment question should the nurse prioritize related to the safe use of this drug?

"How many alcoholic drinks do you have in a typical day or week?"

A client who is receiving cholestyramine also takes digoxin. The nurse teaches the client about the drug and administration. The client demonstrates understanding of the teaching when stating:

"I will take the digoxin about an hour before the cholestyramine."

A 39-year-old nulliparous woman has been taking atorvastatin for 2 years and has now decided that she would like to become pregnant. What health education should the nurse provide to this client?

"It's important that you stop taking atorvastatin before you stop using contraception."

The client receives a prescription for niacin. The nurse is providing education about the medication and possible adverse effects. Which adverse affect would the nurse include?

"Some people get very flushed skin when they take this medication."

The nurse is providing education to an older adult client who has been prescribed atorvastatin. How should the nurse describe the common adverse effects of the drug?

"The most common side effects of atorvastatin include some mild gastrointestinal upset."

The client wants information about triglycerides and cholesterol. Which response by the nurse would be correct?

"Triglycerides and cholesterol are fatlike substances found in your blood."

What drug or drug class decreases the delivery of intestinal cholesterol to the liver?

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Which would be classified as a bile acid sequestrant?

Cholestyramine

A male client takes cholesterol absorption inhibitors as a monotherapy without statins. He develops mild hepatic insufficiency. What would the nurse expect the health care provider to do?

Decrease the dosage of his medication

A male client presents to the health care provider's office with symptoms of hyperglycemia. He is taking his oral antidiabetic medication and has not modified his diet or exercise program in any way. When the nurse interviews the client, he states that he now takes flax seed to reduce his cholesterol level. What may occur as a result of taking flax seed?

Decreased absorption of his drugs

As part of a routine physical examination, a 60-year-old client's primary care provider has ordered blood work that includes cholesterol levels. What result would strongly suggest the need for an antihyperlipidemic drug?

Elevated LDL levels

A nurse is caring for a client prescribed nicotinic acid for hyperlipidemia. The nurse would assess the client for which findings as a possibility?

Flushing of the skin

The health care provider has prescribed ezetimibe for a client diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. The nurse is prepared to prioritize which assessment to evaluate the drug's effectiveness?

Frequently monitoring blood cholesterol

After teaching a group of students about fats and biotransformation, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify what as the storage location of bile acids?

Gallbladder

After reviewing information about antihyperlipidemic drugs, a group of nursing students demonstrate understanding when they identify which medication as a fibric acid derivative (fibrate)?

Gemfibrozil

The pharmacology instructor is discussing medications used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Which drug class would the instructor identify as the most widely used dyslipidemia drugs?

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A nurse is providing care to a client who has elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). A review of the client's history reveals a sedentary lifestyle and a history of being overweight. The nurse understands that this combination of factors places the client at risk for which condition?

Heart disease

A 54-year-old client has a cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL (6.2064 mmol/L). What serum concentration of cholesterol would this client have?

High

What is the most common reason for an elevated cholesterol level in a client who does not have a genetic disorder of lipid metabolism?

His dietary intake of saturated fat

A client asks how ezetimibe will help to treat high lipid levels. The nurse explains that:

It decreases the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine.

Which lipid level would the nurse interpret as being high?

LDL cholesterol of 190 mg/dL

A nurse is preparing to administer colesevelam to a client with hyperlipidemia. The nurse determines cautious administration is warranted after noting which condition in the client's history?

Liver disease

To effectively prevent or manage metabolic syndrome, what should the desired blood lipid profile include? (Select all that apply.)

Low triglycerides High HDL cholesterol Low LDL cholesterol

A nurse is conducting a community presentation on heart disease, cholesterol, and risk factors. The nurse determines that the class has been successful when the class correctly chooses which point as true?

Physical activity raises HDL cholesterol levels.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are classified as which pregnancy category?

Pregnancy Category X

What should the nurse review about an antihyperlipidemic medication with the client when completing discharge counseling? (Select all that apply.)

Reason for taking the prescribed drug Drug name Correct dose Frequency of administration Dosage form

The client presents for a routine clink visit to evaluate the long-term use of cholestyramine. The health care provider determines vitamin A and D should be prescribed at this time. The nurse determines which nursing diagnose is most appropriate at this time?

Risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements

What should the nurse suggest to assist a client to improve his cholesterol levels?

Smoking cessation

A client with moderately elevated lipid levels requests immediate pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia. The nurse explains that a period of intensive diet therapy and lifestyle modification will be utilized before drug therapy is considered based on what rationale?

Therapeutic lifestyle changes are the preferred method for lowering blood lipids.

A nurse is analyzing the chemistry profile of a client diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. Which measurement(s) will the nurse prioritize on the lipid profile? Select all that apply.

Total cholesterol Triglycerides LDL

A client is diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and is to receive drug therapy as part of the treatment plan. When reviewing the client's laboratory test results, which findings would the nurse identify as supporting the client's diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Total cholesterol 250 mg/dL (6.46 mmol/L) LDL cholesterol 165 mg/dL (4.27 mmol/L)