Pharm Exam 1 Book Q

The healthcare provider orders furosemide [Lasix] 20 mg IV twice daily. The medication available is furosemide [Lasix] 10 mg/mL. How many mL will the nurse administer with each dose? 0.5 mL 1 mL 2 mL 4 mL 8.

2

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving amiodarone [Cordarone]. Which body system should the nurse assess for serious adverse effects of this medication? Musculoskeletal Respiratory Integumentary Gastrointestinal

Respiratory

Which acid-base imbalance is caused by hyperventilation? Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis

The nurse is caring for a patient with epilepsy who is on anticonvulsant therapy and is also breast-feeding. Which patient teaching instruction should minimize the risk to the baby? "Give the dose just before breast-feeding." "Avoid drugs that have a long half-life." Discontinue the drug until you have stopped breast-feeding." "Increase your fluid intake."

"Avoid drugs that have a long half-life."

The nurse is teaching a patient who has just been prescribed a vasodilator. Which statement by the patient indicates that the teaching was effective? "I can take this medication in the morning to reduce nighttime urination." "I will rise slowly when changing from a sitting to a standing position." "My heart rate may slow down with this drug. I will call if my pulse is below 60." "I need to increase my intake of fluids and foods that are high in fiber."

"I will rise slowly when changing from a sitting to a standing position.

An adult male patient is taking medication for blood pressure management. The patient states to the nurse, "I'm not going to take these drugs anymore, because they are interfering with my sex life." What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? "It is unfortunate these drugs can cause erectile dysfunction but managing your blood pressure is more important than your sexual performance." "I understand how discouraging it must be to live with this adverse effect, but you could have a stroke if you do not take your blood pressure medications." "Let's discuss this effect with your prescriber. There are other drugs available to manage your blood pressure that may not have the same adverse effect." "I am glad you told me about your experience with this common side effect. Sexual performance can be a difficult subject to discuss."

"Let's discuss this effect with your prescriber. There are other drugs available to manage your blood pressure that may not have the same adverse effect."

What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching for a patient prescribed amiodarone [Cordarone]? (Select all that apply.) "Take amiodarone with grapefruit juice." "Take the medication on an empty stomach." "Wear sunblock and protective clothing when you are outdoors." "Check your pulse daily and report excessive slowing to your healthcare provider immediately." "Immediately notify your healthcare provider of shortness of breath, cough, or chest pain."

"Wear sunblock and protective clothing when you are outdoors." Correct "Check your pulse daily and report excessive slowing to your healthcare provider immediately." Correct "Immediately notify your healthcare provider of shortness of breath, cough, or chest pain." Correct

The nurse is teaching a patient about the side effects associated with doxazosin [Cardura]. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the nurse's instructions? "I may experience an increase in hair growth as a side effect." "I'll notify the healthcare provider if I develop a persistent cough." "I'll make sure I include extra sources of potassium in my diet, such as bananas and baked potatoes." "When getting out of bed in the morning, I will sit on the side of the bed for several minutes before standing."

"When getting out of bed in the morning, I will sit on the side of the bed for several minutes before standing."

Which intravenous (IV) fluid would be most appropriate for treating isotonic volume contraction? 0.9% sodium chloride 5% dextrose and water 0.225% sodium chloride 3% sodium chloride and water

0.9% sodium chloride

The healthcare provider orders mannitol 72 gm infusion over 24 hours. The nurse plans to set the infusion pump for how many grams per hour? 1 gm 2 gm 3 gm 4 gm

3

The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous (IV) medication. What is the minimum injection time to reduce the risk of harm to the patient? 10 seconds 30 seconds 60 seconds 30 minutes

60 seconds

About which patient should the nurse notify the healthcare provider immediately? A patient who takes digoxin [Lanoxin] 0.125 mg orally daily with a serum digoxin level of 0.8 ng/mL A patient who takes oral spironolactone [Aldactone] 25 mg daily and enalapril [Vasotec] 5 mg daily with a serum potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L A patient who takes digoxin [Lanoxin] 0.25 mg orally daily with a serum potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L A patient who takes oral lisinopril [Zestril] 5 mg daily and digoxin 0.125 mg daily with a serum digoxin level of 0.5 ng/mL

A patient who takes oral spironolactone [Aldactone] 25 mg daily and enalapril [Vasotec] 5 mg daily with a serum potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L

In which part of the conduction pathway in a healthy heart is the electrical impulse delayed to provide time for the blood to fill the ventricles? Bundle of His AV node Purkinje system Internodal pathways

AV node

Which statement about intramuscular (IM) administration is incorrect? Drug absorption following IM injection in the neonate is slow and erratic. Absorption of IM drugs becomes more rapid in infancy than in neonates. Neonates experience low blood flow through muscle during the first days of postnatal life. Absorption of IM drugs becomes slower and more erratic in infancy than in neonates.

Absorption of IM drugs becomes slower and more erratic in infancy than in neonates.

A patient develops supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and is hypotensive. Which medication should the nurse anticipate will be administered? Lidocaine [Xylocaine] Adenosine [Adenocard] Amiodarone [Cordarone] Phenytoin [Dilantin]

Adenosine [Adenocard]

The patient is admitted for the management of a hypertensive emergency. The healthcare provider prescribes sodium nitroprusside [Nipride] drug therapy. What is the priority nursing action during this treatment? Observe for respiratory depression. Monitor the electrocardiogram for tachycardia. Initiate oxygen therapy via nasal cannula at 2 L/min. Adjust the intravenous infusion rate to the blood pressure response.

Adjust the intravenous infusion rate to the blood pressure response

Which nursing action results in the most common cause of fatal medication errors? Miscalculation of dosage Miscommunication of drug orders Misreading of the healthcare provider's handwriting Administering a drug intravenously (IV) instead of intramuscularly (IM)

Administering a drug intravenously (IV) instead of intramuscularly (IM)

The nurse is preparing to administer a daily dose of digoxin [Lanoxin]. What is the priority nursing intervention? Analyze heart rate and rhythm. Assess for Homans' sign. Check blood pressure. Palpate the pedal pulses.

Analyze heart rate and rhythm

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure. Which compound in this system is most powerful at raising the blood pressure? Angiotensin I Angiotensin II Angiotensin III Renin

Angiotensin II

The nurse prepares to give a drug that will prevent receptor activation. Which term would describe this drug? Selective Antagonist Agonist Potent

Antagonist

What is the most common sustained dysrhythmia among the U.S. population? Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter Sustained supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) Ventricular premature beats (VPBs)

Atrial fibrillation

The nurse is teaching a patient prescribed captopril [Capoten] for the treatment of hypertension. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) Take the medication with food. Expect a sore throat and fever. Avoid potassium salt substitutes. A persistent dry cough may occur. Report difficulty in breathing immediately.

Avoid potassium salt substitutes. A persistent dry cough may occur. Report difficulty in breathing immediately

Which assessment finding is most important for the nurse to obtain before administering hydralazine [Apresoline]? Peripheral pulses Homans' sign Blood pressure Capillary refill

Blood pressure

Which classes of medications are prescribed as initial therapy for hypertension after a myocardial infarction (MI)? Diuretic and beta blocker Beta blocker and ACE inhibitor ACE inhibitor and calcium channel blocker Diuretic and calcium channel blocker

Beta blocker and ACE inhibitor

A patient with heart failure has developed a cough while taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The health care provider discontinued the ACE inhibitor and prescribed an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) as an alternative to the ACE inhibitor. The patient continues to have symptoms of heart failure despite using an ARB. Which medication should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed? Eplerenone [Inspra] Triamterene [Dyrenium] Hydrochlorothiazide [Microzide] BiDil [Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine]

BiDil [Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine]

What is the primary benefit of spironolactone [Aldactone] in patients with heart failure? Increase in diuresis and fluid loss Blockage of aldosterone receptors Inhibition of beta activation by norepinephrine Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Blockage of aldosterone receptors

A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of hypertension. The nurse understands that which medication works by preventing angiotensin II from binding with its receptor sites? Quinapril [Accupril] Aliskiren [Tekturna] Eplerenone [Inspra] Candesartan [Atacand]

Candesartan [Atacand

The nurse knows that diuretics mostly affect which function of the kidneys? Cleansing and maintenance of extracellular fluid volume Maintenance of acid-base balance Excretion of metabolic waste Elimination of foreign substances

Cleansing and maintenance of extracellular fluid volume

In which situation is dronedarone [Multaq] contraindicated? PR intervals of 240 msec QT intervals of less than 500 msec Resting heart rate of 55 beats/min Concomitant administration of amitriptyline [Elavil]

Concomitant administration of amitriptyline [Elavil]

The nurse will monitor which laboratory result closely when administering medications to an older adult patient while assessing for adverse drug reactions (ADRs)? Serum creatinine levels Creatinine clearance Serum albumin levels Liver function tests

Creatinine clearance Why?-is the proper index of renal function in older adult patients.

The nurse plans to closely monitor for which clinical manifestation after administering furosemide [Lasix]? Decreased pulse Decreased temperature Decreased blood pressure Decreased respiratory rate

Decrease BP

A patient is prescribed lisinopril [Prinivil] 40 mg by mouth once a day for hypertension. For which therapeutic effect will the nurse monitor? Slowing of the heart rate Decrease in blood pressure Symptoms such as dizziness and fainting Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation of 100%

Decrease in blood pressure

The nurse is caring for a patient prescribed quinidine [Quinaglute] for a supraventricular dysrhythmia. What is a common adverse effect of this drug? Constipation Urinary retention Diarrhea Blurred vision

Diarrhea

The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect after administering hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL] and digoxin [Lanoxin] to a patient? Digoxin toxicity Decreased diuretic effect Dehydration Heart failure

Digoxin toxicity

Which medication is not associated with prolongation of the QT interval? Dofetilide [Tikosyn] Sotalol [Betapace] Diltiazem [Cardizem] Dronedarone [Multaq]

Diltiazem [Cardizem]

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV therapy with a 3% sodium chloride infusion at 75 mL/hr. The nurse should closely monitor for which adverse effect of treatment? Blood urea nitrogen of 22 mg/dL Tenting of the skin and dry mucous membranes Distended neck veins and ankle edema Sodium level of 140 mEq/L

Distended neck veins and ankle edema

he nurse is caring for a group of very young patients receiving a variety of medications. Which concept guides the nurse's care of these patients? Drugs given intravenously (IV) leave the body more quickly in infants than in adults. Drugs given subcutaneously (SC) remain in the body longer in infants than in adults Gastric emptying time is shorter in infants than in children and adults. Incorrect The blood-brain barrier protects the infant's brain from toxic drugs

Drugs given subcutaneously (SC) remain in the body longer in infants than in adults

What is the Beers list? Drugs with a low likelihood of causing adverse effects in older adults Drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older adults Drugs with zero likelihood of causing adverse effects in older adults Drugs that are recommended to be used for older adults

Drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older adults

The nurse is planning care for a patient at risk for dysrhythmias. The nurse understands that the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) confirmed which finding? Most atrial rhythm problems should be treated with medication. After a myocardial infarction, all dysrhythmias should be treated. Dysrhythmias should be treated only when they are symptomatically significant. Most rhythm problems result in bradydysrhythmias.

Dysrhythmias should be treated only when they are symptomatically significant

The nurse is caring for a patient who has diabetes and hypertension. Which medication is most likely to be prescribed to treat this patient's hypertension? Hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ] Enalapril [Vasotec] Propranolol [Inderal] Methyldopa [Aldomet]

Enalapril [Vasotec

Which patient symptoms should cause the nurse to be concerned about digoxin [Lanoxin] toxicity? (Select all that apply.) Fatigue Vomiting Dizziness Blurred vision Muscle weakness

Fatigue Correct Vomiting Correct Blurred vision Correct

A patient is prescribed hydralazine [Apresoline] for the treatment of essential hypertension. Which expected adverse effects should the nurse discuss with the patient? (Select all that apply.) Nausea Fatigue Dizziness Headache Joint pain

Fatigue Correct Dizziness Correct Headache

The nurse administers 100 mg of drug X by mouth. After the drug moves through the hepatic system, very little active drug is left in the general circulation as a result of what? Therapeutic range First-pass effect Drug half-life Plasma protein binding

First-pass effect

The nurse is preparing to administer an oral dose of digoxin [Lanoxin]. The apical pulse rate is 64. What nursing action is most appropriate? Give the medication. Obtain a serum digoxin level. Notify the healthcare provider. Assess for signs of digoxin toxicity.

Give the medication

The nurse caring for a patient taking furosemide [Lasix] is reviewing the patient's most recent laboratory results, which are: sodium, 136 mEq/L; potassium, 3.2 mEq/L; chloride, 100 mEq/L; blood urea nitrogen, 15 mg/dL. What is the nurse's best action? Administer Lasix as ordered. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor. Begin a 24-hour urine collection. Hold the Lasix and notify the physician.

Hold the Lasix and notify physician

Which medications should be used with caution in a hypertensive diabetic patient? (Select all that apply.) Furosemide [Lasix] Metoprolol [Lopressor] Diltiazem [Cardizem] Hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ] Enalapril [Vasotec]

Hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ] Correct Furosemide [Lasix] Correct Metoprolol [Lopressor] Correct

The nurse is reviewing the home medication list with the patient. The nurse recognizes that hydrochlorothiazide is used primarily for which condition? Hypertension Edema Diabetes insipidus Protection against postmenopausal osteoporosis

Hypertension

he nurse is teaching a patient who has a new prescription for spironolactone [Aldactone]. Which statement by the patient indicates that the teaching was effective? "I will use salt substitutes to lower my sodium intake." "I will increase my intake of foods that are high in potassium." "I will call my doctor if I begin having menstrual irregularities." "I will take this medication at bedtime each evening."

I will call my doctor if I begin having menstrual irregularities.

The nurse is evaluating the teaching done with a patient who has a new prescription for fosinopril [Monopril]. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? "I can take this medicine with breakfast each morning." "I will call if I notice a rash or wheals on my skin." "I will use a salt substitute to lower my sodium intake." "I will call if I develop a bothersome cough."

I will use a salt substitute to lower my sodium intake."

The nurse is administering warfarin, an anticoagulant, to a patient with a low albumin level. Which effect of this medication should the nurse expect to observe? Deep vein thromboses Reduced risk of bruising Increased platelet aggregation Increased PT/INR levels

Increased PT/INR levels

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving oral magnesium gluconate. Which symptom indicates a common adverse effect of this medication? Headache Wheezing Loose stools Urinary retention

Loose stools

The nurse is caring for a patient with bipolar disorder treated with lithium [Eskalith]. The patient has a new prescription for captopril [Capoten] for hypertension. The combination of these two drugs makes which assessment particularly important? Potassium level Lithium level Creatinine level Blood pressure

Lithium level

Which of the following statements about mannitol [Osmitrol] are correct? (Select all that apply.) Mannitol cannot be given orally. Mannitol can cause edema. Mannitol can cause renal failure. Diuresis begins in 30 to 60 minutes after administration. Mannitol is a loop diuretic.

Mannitol cannot be given orally. Mannitol can cause edema Diuresis begins in 30 to 60 minutes after administration.

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving a nitroprusside [Nipride] intravenous infusion. The patient's wife asks why furosemide [Lasix] is being prescribed along with this drug. The nurse's response is based on which concept? Furosemide will help reduce reflex tachycardia. Many vasodilators cause retention of sodium and water. Thiocyanate may accumulate in patients receiving nitroprusside. Vasodilators can cause serious orthostatic hypotension.

Many vasodilators cause retention of sodium and water

The nurse is preparing a staff education inservice about specific safety measures that reduce patient medication errors. Which measure improves safety for patients during care transition? Medication reconciliation MEDWATCH program Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy Regional Medication Safety Program

Medication reconciliation Medication reconciliation has resulted in decreasing medication errors by 70% and reducing adverse drug reaction by 15%.

Which acid-base imbalance is caused by chronic renal failure, loss of bicarbonate during severe diarrhea, or metabolic disorders that result in overproduction of lactic acid? Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Which acid-base imbalance is characterized by increases in both the pH and bicarbonate content of plasma? Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient experiencing a new episode of hypertension. Which medication does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this patient? Methyldopa [Aldomet] Propranolol [Inderal] Captopril [Capoten] Valsartan [Diovan

Methyldopa

The nurse has just administered the initial dose of enalapril [Vasotec] to a newly admitted patient with hypertension. What is the priority nursing intervention over the next several hours? Monitor blood pressure. Check the heart rate. Auscultate lung sounds. Draw a potassium level.

Monitor blood pressure

The nurse is administering intravenous lidocaine [Xylocaine] to a patient with a ventricular dysrhythmia. What is the priority nursing intervention to prevent a potential complication with this drug? Monitor the electrocardiogram (ECG). Obtain a complete blood count. Instruct to report any chest pain. Keep naloxone [Narcan] at the bedside.

Monitor the electrocardiogram (ECG).

Why does the nurse administer naloxone to a patient receiving morphine sulfate who has a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute? Naloxone causes hypersensitivity of the opioid receptors Naloxone prevents the activation of opioid receptors. Naloxone is a partial agonist, requiring a lesser dose to achieve pain relief. Naloxone is an agonist, leading to desensitization of the opioid receptors

Naloxone prevents the activation of opioid receptors.

The nurse is caring for a patient prescribed Isoniazid for the treatment of tuberculosis. The nurse should assess for which signs and symptoms of drug-induced liver toxicity? (Select all that apply.) Nausea Malaise Jaundice Vomiting Clear Urine

Nausea Correct Malaise Correct Jaundice Correct Vomiting Correct Clear urine

A patient in a hypertensive crisis is being started on a continuous sodium nitroprusside [Nipride] infusion. Which interventions are essential before the nurse administers nitroprusside [Nipride]? (Select all that apply.) Obtain a baseline weight and weigh daily. Prepare for arterial line insertion. Discontinue the infusion when blood pressure is controlled. Observe for signs of hypertrichosis during the infusion. Cover the solution with an opaque bag.

Obtain a baseline weight and weigh daily. Prepare for arterial line insertion. Cover the solution with an opaque bag

Amiodarone [Cordarone] is prescribed for a patient with atrial fibrillation. What is the most important nursing intervention before administering this medication? Document an ophthalmic examination was performed. Explain a dermatologic evaluation is needed. Obtain baseline serum thyroid and liver function studies. Maintain NPO for transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE).

Obtain baseline serum thyroid and liver function studies

The nurse reviews the medication treatment regimen for a patient with chronic hypertension. To promote optimal medication adherence, which frequency of drug dosing should the nurse advocate for this patient? Three times a day Four times a day Every 8 hours once a day

Once a day

The nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium to a patient with hypokalemia. Which prescription is the most appropriate? Potassium chloride 30 mEq in 100 mL IV over 1 hour Potassium chloride 10 mEq in 100 mL IV over 30 minutes Potassium chloride 10 mEq in 100 mL IV over 1 hour Potassium chloride 10 mEq IV push over 1 minute

Potassium chloride 10 mEq in 100 mL IV over 1 hour

The nurse is caring for a patient who takes spironolactone [Aldactone] and quinapril [Accupril] for treatment of heart failure. What finding indicates a potential interaction between these two drugs? Elevated serum quinapril level Heart rate of 58 beats/min Potassium level of 5.7 mEq/L Glucose level of 180 mg/dL

Potassium level of 5.7 mEq/L

The nurse is interpreting an electrocardiogram (ECG). Which component represents the depolarization of the ventricles? P wave QRS complex ST segment T wave

QRS complex

A teratogenic drug, such as methotrexate, is most likely to cause learning deficits during which phase of fetal development? Conception through week 2 Weeks 3 to 8 First trimester Second and third trimesters

Second and third trimesters

Which laboratory result may be a consequence of therapy with a thiazide diuretic? Serum glucose level of 58 mg/dL Serum potassium level of 5.3 mEq/L Serum sodium level of 135 mEq/L Serum uric acid level of 10.4 mg/dL

Serum uric acid level of 10.4 mg/d

The nurse is preparing to administer minoxidil [Loniten] 5 mg orally. What is the only cardiovascular indication for this medication? Heart failure Myocardial infarction Angina pectoris Severe hypertension

Severe hypertension

A patient with hypertensive emergency is admitted to the hospital. Which medication should the nurse be prepared to administer to this patient? Minoxidil [Loniten] Hydralazine [Apresoline] Sodium nitroprusside [Nipride] Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate [BiDil]

Sodium nitroprusside [Nipride

A patient is admitted to the unit in a hypertensive emergency and examination reveals papilledema. The nurse should expect which IV medications to be administered to achieve rapid, controlled reduction of the patient's blood pressure? Furosemide [Lasix] Sodium nitroprusside [Nitropress] Metoprolol [Lopressor] Diltiazem [Cardizem]

Sodium nitroprusside [Nitropress]

The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure who needs a diuretic. Which agent is likely to be chosen, because it has been shown to greatly reduce mortality in patients with heart failure? Furosemide [Lasix] Hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL] Spironolactone [Aldactone] Mannitol [Osmitrol]

Spironolactone [Aldactone]

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been receiving intravenous sodium nitroprusside [Nitropress] for 3 days. Which assessment data indicate the patient may be experiencing thiocyanate toxicity? Sudden confusion Difficulty breathing Erythematous rash Gastrointestinal bleeding

Sudden confusio

In the failing heart, arterial pressure falls, stimulating the baroreceptor reflex to increase sympathetic nervous system activity. The nurse understands increased sympathetic activity will produce which response? Tachycardia Bradypnea Hypotension Hypoglycemia

Tachycardia

A nurse is caring for a patient receiving dronedarone [Multaq] for treatment of atrial fibrillation. What electrocardiogram (ECG) change indicates an adverse effect of this medication? Previously upright T waves now are inverted. Previously rounded, upright P waves now are notched. ST segments previously on the baseline now are depressed. The QT-interval measurement changes from 400 to 520 msec.

The QT-interval measurement changes from 400 to 520 msec

Why does the nurse monitor the patient closely when administering a drug with a low therapeutic index? The average lethal dose of the drug is much higher than the therapeutic dose. The dose required to produce a therapeutic response in 50% of patients is low The highest dose needed to produce a therapeutic effect is close to the lethal dose There is a low variability of responses to this drug.

The highest dose needed to produce a therapeutic effect is close to the lethal dose

Which statement about the percentage of oral drug absorption is true? The percentage absorbed increases with age. The percentage absorbed decreases with age. The percentage absorbed does not usually change with age. The percentage absorbed severely declines with age.

The percentage absorbed does not usually change with age.

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving hydralazine [Apresoline]. The healthcare provider prescribes propranolol [Inderal]. The nurse knows that a drug such as propranolol often is combined with hydralazine for what purpose? To reduce the risk of headache To improve hypotensive effects To prevent heart failure To protect against reflex tachycardia

To protect against reflex tachycardia Correct

Which of the following is not an example of age-related adverse drug effects? Growth suppression Discoloration of developing teeth Kernicterus Toxicity

Toxicity

The heart undergoes cardiac remodeling during the initial phase of heart failure. Which cardiac geometric change occurs during heart failure? Ventricular constriction Ventricular wall thickening Ventricular atrophy Ventricles become more cylindric

Ventricular wall thickening

The nurse is caring for a patient prescribed digoxin [Lanoxin] for heart failure. Which finding would require immediate attention by the nurse? Potassium level of 3.7 mEq/L Digoxin level of 0.7 ng/mL Vomiting and diarrhea Heart rate of 68 beats/min

Vomiting and diarrhea

Pharmacokinetics consists of four basic processes

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

A patient is prescribed lisinopril [Prinvil] as part of the treatment plan for heart failure. Which finding indicates the patient is experiencing the therapeutic effect of this drug? + 2 edema of the lower extremities Potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L Crackles in the lungs are no longer heard Jugular vein distention

crackles in the lungs are no longer heard

The most important properties of an ideal drug are

effectiveness, safety, and selectivity.

Which acid-base imbalance is caused by retention of CO2 secondary to hypoventilation? Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis

espiratory acidosis

Pharmacodynamics is the study of

f the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced.

The nurse knows that which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid volume and osmolality? Liver Kidneys Blood vessels Heart

kidneys

Which is not a reason for the decline in hepatic drug metabolism with age? Reduced hepatic blood flow Reduced liver mass Decreased activity of some hepatic enzymes Poor diet

poor diet

The objective of drug therapy is to

provide maximum benefit with minimum harm.

The nurse is caring for a patient with renal artery stenosis who has been prescribed benazepril [Lotensin]. Which laboratory result indicates an adverse effect of this drug? Potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L Blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL Serum creatinine level of 2.3 mg/dL Uric acid level of 10 mg/dL

serum creatinine level of 2.3 mg/dL

The nurse is caring for a patient prescribed aliskiren [Tekturna]. How does this medication lower blood pressure? It blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. It prevents angiotensin II from binding to its receptors. It inhibits the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. It selectively blocks aldosterone receptors in the kidneys.

t inhibits the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

The half-life of a drug is defined as

the time required for the amount of drug in the body to decline by 50%

Why are Older patients are generally more sensitive to drugs than are younger adults

they show a wider individual variation