Pharm exam 1 practice questions
The nurse is preparing to administer linezolid to a client. What assessment questions should the nurse ask the client before administering the drug?
"Are you taking any medications for depression right now?"
After teaching a client who is receiving doxycycline about the drug, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client makes what statement?
"I need to wear protective clothing when I'm out in the sun"
A client is diagnosed with a brain tumor. The client is told that the cancer cells proliferate. The client asks what this means. What's the nurse's best response?
"The proliferation is the growth of cancer cells and the rate of growth"
The client has asked the nurse why it is necessary to take several different drugs for TB therapy. How should the nurse respond?
"The use of multiple drugs prevents the development of drug resistance TB"
A client is receiving mefloquine as a part of a treatment for malaria asks the nurse about becoming pregnant. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
"You need to avoid pregnancy during the therapy and for 2 months after completion"
A sexually active teen tells the nurse "my sexual partner is being treated for trichomoniasis". What is the nurse's best response when the teen asks about receiving treatment as well?
"You need to be treated simultaneously"
A client has just been diagnosed with TB. The client is extremely upset and is asking questions concerning the medications. What is an appropriate response by the nurse?
"You will have multi drug therapy for 6 to 24 months"
A patient was prescribed mefloquine before embarking on a scientific survey in a malaria endemic area. Nurse tells patient
"You'll need to keep taking his for about one month after you return"
Caspofungin (administered through IV)
*Add reconstituted medication to 250 mL of normal saline *Allow the medication to warm to room temperature
The stages of the replication cycle of a virus in the correct order
1. Virus adheres to host cell surface 2. Virus enters host cell by pinocytosis 3. Virus sheds its coat 4. Viral nucleic acids replicate 5. Synthesis of viral protein capsid 6. Assembly of new virions and host cell dies releasing virus to move to other cells
An immunosuppressed client develops pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is to receive atovaquone as treatment. The nurse should instruct the client to continue this therapy for how long?
12 days
The nurse assess the serum theophylline of a client. Which finding would the nurse identify as being therapeutic?
15 mcg/mL
A nasal steroid can take ___ days before effects may be noted?
7 days
A nurse is aware that the concept of selective toxicity is foundational to anti microbial therapy. Which statement most accurately describes selective toxicity?
A drug harms microbes without harming human cells
The nurse is caring for a 26-year-old patient who has been diagnosed with roundworms. The patient is prescribed pyrantel. What adverse effect would the nurse inform the patient about?
Abdominal discomfort or pain
A woman who is in the second trimester of her first pregnancy has been experiencing frequent headaches and has sought advice from her nurse or action about safe treatment options. What analgesic can the nurse most safely recommend?
Acetaminophen
Which of the more toxic anthelmintic drugs should be avoided in children?
Albendazole Ivermectin Praziquantel
The client has been diagnosed with asthma and is being treated with two inhalers, albuterol and flunisolide. The nurse teaches the client that the two medications should be administered in what order?
Albuterol first, wait 5 minutes and then follow with flunisolide
A nurse works in a community setting and follows clients who have TB. Which clients would likely require the most follow up from rifampin therapy?
An HIV-positive client
Which client requires frequent monitoring for symptomology associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
An adult with 3rd degree burns over 20% of the body
What are classified as anti-infectives?
Anthelmintics Antifungals Antiprotozoals
Sulfonamides are classified as which type of medication?
Antibacterial
Ketoconazole
Antifungal
Fluconazole
Antifungal (used for yeast infections)
A client asks, "what is the difference between antitussive medications and expectorants?"
Antitussives suppress coughing while expectorants loosen bronchial secretions
A nurse is assessing a patient with a sprained ankle. The nurse observes swelling in the ankle area, and the patient reports pain and inability to bear weight on the foot. Which initial action by the nurse would be appropriate?
Apply and ice pack to the area
Posaconazole is used as prophylaxis to prevent:
Aspergillus infection
The nurse is preparing to administer a new anti-infective to a client. The nurse should prioritize what assessment?
Assessment for allergic reaction
The nurse will encourage a post op patient to cough and deep breathe to help prevent:
Atelectasis
An adult client has recently begun cancer treatment with methotrexate (MTX). When reviewing this client's lab work, the nurse should prioritize assessment of what?
BUN and creatinine
A client is experiencing an inflammatory response following an injury. What assessment finding would confirm the role of thromboxanes in the inflammatory process?
Bleeding has stopped at the injury site
What drug is currently the mainstay of antimalarial therapy and is directly toxic to parasites that absorb it?
Chloroquine
A nurse is asked to explain the difference between community-acquired infections and hospital acquired infections. What response best describes the difference?
Community-acquired infections are usually less severe and easier to treat since hospital-acquired infections often involve drug resistant microorganisms
Antiretoviral Therapy effects on oral contraceptives
Decreases the effectiveness of the birth control pills
Which activity would be appropriate for a nurse to include when teaching a community group about measures to prevent trichinosis?
Ensuring that any pork products are thoroughly cooked.
Metronidazole
Flagyl Antibacterial/Antiprotozoal
The client has mild, persistent asthma. The nurse anticipates the healthcare provider prescribing which daily medications?
Fluticasone
Which drug would be classified as an aminoglycoside?
Gentamicin
Griseofulvin
Give with meals-- especially high fat meals (anti-fungal)
A patient of greek decent is traveling to an area of the world in which malaria is endemic. What could indicate a possible serious complication if the patient takes certain anti-malarial drugs?
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
A client presents at the clinic with a dry, nonproductive cough. The client is diagnosed with bronchitis, and it is determined that they will need help thinning sputum so that the cough can become productive. What does the nurse expect will be prescribed for the client?
Guaifenesin
A patient diagnosed with amebiasis should:
Have small, frequent meals
A group of students are reviewing class material about lymphoid tissue. The students demonstrate a need for additional teaching when they identify this as lymphoid tissue?
Histamine
A client's chemotherapeutic regimen includes procarbazine. What is the link client's most likely diagnosis?
Hodgkin lymphoma
Which condition would contraindicate the use of oxymetazoline?
Hypertension
How is amphotericin B administered?
IV only
A client has sought care because of seasonal allergies that are having negative effects on the client's quality of life. The nurse should recognize the role of what immunoglobulin in this client's health problem?
IgE
A nurse is performing an assessment on a client admitted with AIDS. When assessing the client's gastrointestinal system, what is most likely to be a priority nursing diagnosis?
Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements, related to GI effects of the drugs
Which immunoglobulin is released first when a client encounters an antigen?
Immunoglobulin M
A client with amebiasis is to receive metronidazole. The client also takes warfarin for atrial fibrillation. The nurse would instruct the client to immediately report which symptom?
Increased bleeding
A client has been diagnosed with an amebiasis infection and the primary health care provider has prescribed metronidazole. The client is also taking warfarin for blood clotting. Which is a possible interaction associated with taking metronidazole with warfarin?
Increases the risk of bleeding
Amebiasis
Infection with amoebae. Usually refers to an infection by Entamoeba histolytica. Symptoms are highly variable, ranging from an asymptomatic infection to severe dysentery.
What is a mechanism of action found in some anti microbial drugs?
Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
What best describes the role of the major histocompatibility complex as a barrier defense?
It allows the body to distinguish cells as foreign or belonging to the person
Which best explains the role of mucus as a barrier for the body's defense?
It traps the foreign material and thus inactivates it.
A 92-year old patient is admitted to the ICU with a systemic fungal infection. What drug would be contraindicated because of this patients extreme age?
Itraconazole
The nurse is assessing a client who has been prescribed treatment with isoniazid. What assessment finding would most likely necessitate contacting the healthcare provider to recommend discontinuing treatment?
Jaundice
Which respiratory structure contains the vocal cords?
Larynx
An adult client is brought to the emergency department after deliberately overdosing on acetaminophen. The care team should prioritize interventions based on the client's risk for which adverse reaction?
Liver failure
A patient with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection is scheduled to begin a new treatment regimen that will include adefovir dipivoxil. What assessments should be prioritized before the initiation of this drug treatment?
Liver function testing and HIV testing
Which classification of anti-infectives interferes with the steps involved in protein synthesis?
Macrolides
What would be considered the body's last barrier of defense?
Major histocompatibility complex
Examples of an entry inhibitor (antiretoviral drugs)
Maraviroc Enfuvirtide
Serious adverse effect most associated with amphotericin B
Nephrotoxicity
Which of the following should a nurse carefully monitor in a patient who has been administered cephalosporin as well as aminogylcosides for a wound infection?
Nephrotoxicity
Which blood components would the provider most likely anticipate to be elevated in a patient with MRSA cellulitis?
Neutrophils
A nurse is preparing to administer famciclovir to a client with a herpes virus infection. The nurse should expect to administer this drug by which route?
Oral
Imatinib is administered through which route?
Orally
Most frequent cause of helminth infections in the United States
Pinworms
Which is the cause of atelectasis?
Pneumothorax
Clients receiving aminoglycosides should be monitored closely for which toxicity?
Renal toxicity
What would a nurse least expect as an adverse reaction to anti-infective agents?
Respiratory toxicity
Which of the following agents would be least appropriate to use as treatment for ulcerative colitis?
Salsalate
A nurse caring for a patient with HIV. What lab tests would the nurse monitor when a protease inhibitor has been ordered for this patient?
Serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin
The nurse understands that an infection caused by a secondary pathogen, which can occur during prolonged antibiotic therapy, is know as which of the following?
Superinfection
A patient has been prescribed oral tetracycline for the treatment of acne. Which of the following must the nurse include in the patient teaching plan?
Take the drug on an empty stomacg
A 43-year-old man is traveling to an area where malaria is endemic and is being treated prophylactically. The nurse will explain which regimens of chloroquine prescribed by the health care provider?
Taking the medication for 2 weeks before the trip and continue for 4-6 weeks after the trip
A client has been taking her antibiotic for 5 days. She tells the nurse that she is now experiencing vaginal itching and discharge. The nurse suspects what has occurred?
The client developed a superinfection
An older adult client has been diagnosed with candidiasis and prescribed fluconazole. What aspect of the client's health status should warrant close monitoring by the nurse?
The client has atrial fibrillation and takes warfin daily
A medical nurse on a night shift is reviewing a clients medication administration record for the following day. The nurse notes that a combination antimicrobial drug is prescribed. What is implied by the fact that the client has been prescribed a combination drug,?
The client may have an infection caused by multiple organisms.
When describing an anti-infective agent with a narrow spectrum of activity, what would the nurse include?
The drug is selective in its action on organisms
A client has been diagnosed with osteomyelitis and has been prescribed clindamycin, a narrow spectrum antibiotic. When planning this clients care, the nurse should understand that...
The microorganism causing the infection is likely known
A client has developed Kaposi's sacrcoma. What defense mechanism is the most affected by this homeostatic change initially?
The skin is infected
A nurse is explaining the rationale for the use of combination therapy in the treatment of HIV infections. Which would the nurse include as the primary reason?
The use of multiple drugs allows attack on the virus at different points in its life cycle
Why are inhaled steroids used to treat asthma and COPD?
They act locally to decrease release of inflammatory mediators
A 45 year old client who just received a heart transplant is prescribed ganciclovir. Why?
To prevent CMV infection
Whipworms are a type of helminthic infection. What are the characteristics of whipworms?
Transmitted when eggs found in the soil are ingested. Attach to the wall of the colon. Cause colic and bloody diarrhea.
When assessing a client who is receiving an aninoglycoside, the nurse suspects neurotoxicity and notifies the provider immediately if the client exhibits which sign or symptom?
Tremors Circumoral paresthesia Numbness or tingling of the skin Muscle twitching or weakness
Metronidazole is used in the treatment of what?
Trichomoniasis
Children younger than the Age of 12 years should not receive Indinavir (true or false) ?
True
When a virus invades the body, it must enter a host cell to obtain nutrients necessary to replicate. (True or false) ?
True
The client is receiving ketoconazole. The nurse should be concerned about a drug-drug interaction on the basis of what other comorbidity?
Type 2 diabetes
A nurse assess a client and notes an area that is reddened and warm. The nurse understands that these findings are related to:
Vasodilation
Tinea infections
a fungal infection of the skin or feet
Amphotericin B
anti-fungal. HIGHLY TOXIC
Administration of what type of antibiotic by the nurse would be most likely to cause a superinfection?
broad spectrum
Which mechanism is involved in the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveolar level?
diffusion
Kaposi's sarcoma
malignant tumor of the blood vessels associated with AIDs
Which structure in the brain controls respiration?
medulla
A client has developed a wound infection and leukocytes are leaving the bloodstream to perform phagocytosis on pathogens. What white cells are most likely performing this function?
neutrophils
Which condition would be the result of air in the pleural space?
pneumothorax
Which agent would the nurse instruct a client to use orally?
pseudoephedrine
Candidiasis
yeast infection
