pharmacology
18.) What is the target organ when a beta1 agonist is administered? A. Heart B. Kidney C. Respiratory D. Liver
18) A. Heart
1.) A patient who takes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for arthritis asks a nurse what can be done to prevent ulcers. The nurse will recommend asking the provider about using which medication? A. Mucosal protectants B. Antibiotics C. Proton pump inhibitors D. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists
1) C. Proton pump inhibitors
10.) Which are potentially worrisome adverse effects associated with proton pump inhibitor use in older patients? (Select all that apply.) Select all that apply. A. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies B. Osteoporosis C. Medication interactions D. Gastric cancer E. Headaches
10) A. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies B. Osteoporosis C. Medication interactions
11.). A pregnant patient who is taking ondansetron [Zofran] for morning sickness tells the nurse she is experiencing headache and dizziness. What will the nurse tell her? A. It is not safe to take this drug during pregnancy. B. These are common side effects of ondansetron C. She should stop taking the ondansetron immediately. D. She should report these adverse effects to her provider.
11) B. These are common side effects of ondansetron
12.) A patient is receiving intravenous promethazine [Phenergan] 25 mg for postoperative nausea and vomiting. What is an important nursing action when giving this drug? A. Giving the dose as an IV push over 3 to 5 minutes B. Infusing the dose with microbore tubing and an infusion pump C. Observing the IV insertion site frequently for patency D. Telling the patient to report dry mouth and sedation
12) C. Observing the IV insertion site frequently for patency
13.) A patient is taking bismuth subsalicylate [Pepto-Bismol] to prevent diarrhea. The nurse performing an assessment notes that the patient's tongue is black. What will the nurse do? A. Assess further for signs of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. B. Reassure the patient that this is an expected side effect of this drug. C. Request an order for liver function tests to evaluate for hepatotoxicity. D. Withhold the drug, because this is a sign of bismuth overdose.
13) B. Reassure the patient that this is an expected side effect of this drug.
14.) A nurse is admitting a patient to the hospital who reports having recurrent, crampy abdominal pain followed by diarrhea. The patient tells the nurse that the diarrhea usually relieves the pain and that these symptoms have occurred daily for the past 6 months. The patient undergoes a colonoscopy, for which the findings are normal. The nurse will plan to teach this patient to: A. use antispasmodic medications. B. avoid food containing lactose and gluten. C. keep a food, stress, and symptom diary. D. use antidiarrheal drugs to manage symptoms.
14) C. keep a food, stress, and symptom diary.
15.) A patient with Crohn's disease will begin receiving an initial infusion of infliximab [Remicade]. The nurse explains how this drug works to treat this disease. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A." I may have an increased risk of infections, such as tuberculosis, when taking infliximab." B. "I should report chills, fever, itching, and shortness of breath while receiving the infusion." C. "This drug sometimes provides a complete cure of inflammatory bowel disease." D. "I will take the second dose in 2 weeks, the third dose in 6 weeks, and then a dose every 8 weeks thereafter."
15) C. "This drug sometimes provides a complete cure of inflammatory bowel disease."
16.) A patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is to begin taking oral metoclopramide [Reglan]. The patient asks the nurse about the medication. Which response by the nurse is correct? A. "After 3 months, if the drug is not effective, you may need to increase the dose." B. "Metoclopramide may cause hiccups, especially after meals." C. "Serious side effects may occur but will stop when the drug is discontinued." D. "You should take the drug 30 minutes before each meal and at bedtime."
16) D. "You should take the drug 30 minutes before each meal and at bedtime."
17.) Which types of drugs are used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? (Select all that apply.) A. Aminosalicylates B. Glucocorticoids C. Immunomodulators D. Opioid antidiarrheals E. Sulfonamide antibiotics
17) A. Aminosalicylates B. Glucocorticoids C. Immunomodulators
19.) A nurse is teaching a patient about a medication that alters sympathetic nervous system functions. To evaluate understanding, the nurse asks the patient to describe which functions the sympathetic nervous system regulates. Which answer indicates the need for further teaching? A. "The digestive functions of the body" B. "The cardiovascular system" C. "The 'fight-or-flight' response" D. "Body temperature"
19) A. "The digestive functions of the body"
2.) A patient admitted to the hospital has a history of peptic ulcer disease. The patient takes ranitidine [Zantac] and sucralfate [Carafate]. The patient tells the nurse that discomfort is usually controlled but that symptoms occasionally flare up. What will the nurse do? A. Contact the provider to discuss switching to a proton pump inhibitor. B. Ask the provider about ordering an endoscopic examination. C. Counsel the patient to avoid beverages containing caffeine. D. Contact the provider to discuss serologic testing and an antibiotic.
2) D. Contact the provider to discuss serologic testing and an antibiotic.
20.) Many medications list side effects that include dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. What kinds of effects are these? A. Alpha adrenergic B. Anticholinergic C. Beta adrenergic D. Sympathetic
20) B. Anticholinergic
21.) A prescriber has ordered bethanechol [Urecholine] for a postoperative patient who has urinary retention. The nurse reviews the patient's chart before giving the drug. Which part of the patient's history would be a contraindication to using this drug? A. Asthma as a child B. Gastroesophageal reflux C. Hypertension D. Hypothyroidism
21) A. Asthma as a child
21.)(5 pts) PO QD BID TID prn
21.)(5 pts) PO means by mouth QD means every day BID means twice a day TID means three times a day prn means as needed
22.) An older adult patient who lives alone and is somewhat forgetful has an overactive bladder (OAB) and reports occasional constipation. The patient has tried behavioral therapy to treat the OAB without adequate results. Which treatment will the nurse anticipate for this patient? A. Oxybutynin short-acting syrup B. Oxybutynin [Ditropan XL] extended-release tablets C. Oxybutynin [Oxytrol] transdermal patch D. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS)
22) C. Oxybutynin [Oxytrol] transdermal patch
23.) Bethanechol [Urecholine] is used to treat urinary retention but is being investigated for use in which other condition? A. Gastric ulcers B. Gastroesophageal reflux C. Hypotension D. Intestinal obstruction
23) B. Gastroesophageal reflux
24.) A patient receives topical atropine to facilitate an eye examination. The nurse will tell the patient to remain in a darkened room or to wear sunglasses for several hours until the effects of the medication wear off. This teaching is based on the nurse's knowledge that muscarinic antagonists cause: A. elevation of intraocular pressure. B. miosis and ciliary muscle contraction. C. paralysis of the iris sphincter. D. relaxation of ciliary muscles.
24) C. paralysis of the iris sphincter.
25.)The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for what response during any potential danger. A. "fight or flight" B. "rest of digest" C. homeostasis D. relaxation
25) A. "fight or flight"
26.) A nurse is teaching a nursing student about the two classes of adrenergic agonist drugs. Which statement by the nursing student indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "Catecholamines may be given orally." B. "Catecholamines often require continuous infusion to be effective." C. "Noncatecholamines do not cross the blood-brain barrier." D. "Noncatecholamines undergo rapid degradation by monoamine oxidase."
26) B. "Catecholamines often require continuous infusion to be effective."
27.) Dopamine is administered to a patient who has been experiencing hypotensive episodes. Other than an increase in blood pressure, which indicator would the nurse use to evaluate a successful response? A. Decrease in pulse B. Increase in urine output C. Weight gain D. Improved gastric motility
27) B. Increase in urine output
28.) A nursing student asks the nurse about receptor specificity of adrenergic agonist medications. What will the nurse say? A. "As the dosage of these medications increases, drugs in this class are more selective." B. "Dopamine is selective for dopamine receptors and has no effects on alpha or beta receptors." C. "Epinephrine is the most selective alpha-adrenergic agonist medication." D. "Specificity is relative and is dose dependent."
28) D. "Specificity is relative and is dose dependent."
29.) A patient with asthma uses albuterol [Ventolin] for wheezing. The nurse assesses the patient and notes vital signs of HR, 96 beats/min; RR, 18 breaths per minute; and BP, 116/78 mm Hg. The patient has clear breath sounds and hand tremors. What will the nurse do? A. Ask the patient how often the inhaler is used. B. Check the patient's blood glucose level. C. Request an order for isoproterenol [Isuprel] to reduce side effects. D. Stop the medication and report the tremors to the provider.
29) A. Ask the patient how often the inhaler is used.
3.) A patient is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. The patient is otherwise healthy. The nurse learns that the patient does not smoke and that he drinks 1 or 2 glasses of wine with meals each week. The nurse anticipates that the provider will prescribe which drugs? A. Amoxicillin [Amoxil], metronidazole [Flagyl], and cimetidine [Tagamet] B. Tetracycline, cimetidine [Tagamet], and lansoprazole [Prevacid] C. Amoxicillin [Amoxil], clarithromycin, and omeprazole [Prilosec] D. Clarithromycin, metronidazole [Flagyl], and omeprazole [Prilosec]
3) C. Amoxicillin [Amoxil], clarithromycin, and omeprazole [Prilosec]
30.) A nurse is teaching parents how to use an EpiPen for their child, who has a peanut allergy. Which statement by the parents indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "After using the EpiPen, we must go to the emergency department." B. "The EpiPen should be stored in the refrigerator, because epinephrine is sensitive to heat." C. "The teacher should call us when symptoms start so that we can bring the EpiPen to school." D. "We should jab the device into the thigh until it is empty of solution."
30) A. "After using the EpiPen, we must go to the emergency department."
31.) A patient is admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment of shock. The prescriber orders isoproterenol [Isuprel]. The nurse expects this drug to increase tissue perfusion in this patient by activating: A. alpha1 receptors to cause vasoconstriction. B. alpha1 receptors to increase blood pressure. C. beta1 receptors to cause a positive inotropic effect. D. beta2 receptors to cause bronchodilation.
31) C. beta1 receptors to cause a positive inotropic effect.
32.) A nursing student asks the nurse why epinephrine, and not other adrenergic agonists, is used to treat anaphylactic shock. What will the nurse tell the student? A. "Epinephrine is the only adrenergic agonist that may be given parenterally." B. "Epinephrine has the ability to activate multiple types of adrenergic receptors." C. "Other adrenergic agonists have more severe adverse effects and are not safe in the doses needed to treat anaphylaxis." D. "Other adrenergic agonists have little or no effects on beta2-adrenergic receptors."
32) B. "Epinephrine has the ability to activate multiple types of adrenergic receptors."
33.) A patient is receiving dobutamine [Dobutrex] as a continuous infusion in the immediate postoperative period. The patient also is receiving a diuretic. What adverse drug reactions are possible in this patient? (Select all that apply.) A. Angina B. Dysrhythmias C. Hypotension D. Oliguria E. Tachycardia
33) A. Angina B. Dysrhythmias E. Tachycardia
34.) A nurse is teaching nursing students about the use of alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Which statement by a student indicates the need for further teaching? A. "Alpha-adrenergic antagonists block alpha1 receptors on arterioles and veins." B. "Dilation of arterioles has a direct effect on arterial pressure." C. "Dilation of veins by alpha-adrenergic antagonists improves cardiac output." D. "Venous dilation by alpha-adrenergic antagonists indirectly lowers arterial pressure."
34) C. "Dilation of veins by alpha-adrenergic antagonists improves cardiac output."
35. )A patient with pheochromocytoma is admitted for surgery. The surgeon has ordered an alpha-blocking agent to be given preoperatively. What does the nurse understand about this agent? A. It is ordered to prevent perioperative hypertensive crisis. B. It prevents secretion of catecholamines by the adrenal tumor. C. It reduces contraction of smooth muscles in the adrenal medulla. D. It is given chronically after the surgery to prevent hypertension.
35) A. It is ordered to prevent perioperative hypertensive crisis.
36.) A patient with type 1 diabetes is taking NPH insulin, 30 units every day- a form of insulin that could potentiate hypoglycemia. A nurse notes that the patient is also taking metoprolol [Lopressor]. What education should the nurse provide to the patient? A. "Metoprolol has no effect on diabetes mellitus or on your insulin requirements." B. "Metoprolol interferes with the effects of insulin, so you may need to increase your insulin dose." C. "Metoprolol may mask signs of hypoglycemia, so you need to monitor your blood glucose closely." D. "Metoprolol may potentiate the effects of the insulin, so the dose should be reduced."
36) C. "Metoprolol may mask signs of hypoglycemia, so you need to monitor your blood glucose closely."
37.)A nurse prepares to administer propranolol [Inderal] to a patient recovering from acute myocardial infarction. The patient's heart rate is 52 beats/min, and the rhythm is regular. What action should the nurse take next. A. Administer the drug as prescribed. B. Request an order for atropine. C. Withhold the dose and document the pulse rate. D. Withhold the dose and notify the prescriber.
37) D. Withhold the dose and notify the prescriber.
38.) A patient taking a beta blocker complains of shortness of breath. The patient has respirations of 28 breaths per minute, a blood pressure of 162/90 mm Hg, and a pulse of 88 beats/min. The nurse auscultates crackles in all lung fields. The nurse understands that these assessments are consistent with: A. bronchoconstriction. B. left-sided heart failure. C. rebound cardiac excitation. D. sinus bradycardia.
38) B. left-sided heart failure.
39.) A patient is taking a beta-adrenergic antagonist medication for angina pectoris and asks the nurse how the drug works to relieve the discomfort associated with this condition. Which statement by the patient after the nurse's teaching indicates understanding of the drug's effects? A. "It causes bronchodilation, which increases oxygen flow." B. "It helps reduce the heart's oxygen needs." C. "It improves blood flow to the heart." D. "It increases cardiac output."
39) B. "It helps reduce the heart's oxygen needs."
4.) A 30-year-old male patient will begin a three-drug regimen to treat peptic ulcer disease. The regimen will consist of bismuth subsalicylate, tetracycline, and cimetidine [Tagamet]. The nurse will include which information when teaching this patient about this drug regimen? A. Staining of the teeth may occur and is an indication for discontinuation of these drugs. B. Black discoloration of the tongue and stools should be reported immediately. C. Central nervous system depression and confusion are likely to occur. D. Decreased libido, impotence, and gynecomastia are reversible side effects.
4) D. Decreased libido, impotence, and gynecomastia are reversible side effects.
40.) A patient will begin taking propranolol [Inderal] for hypertension. Which statement by the nurse is important when teaching this patient about the medication? A."Check your hands and feet for swelling and report that to your provider." B."It is safe to take this medication with a calcium channel blocker." C."Stop taking the drug if you become short of breath." D."Take your pulse and do not take the medication if your heart rate is fast."
40) A."Check your hands and feet for swelling and report that to your provider."
41.)A patient with migraines is started on a beta blocker. The nurse explains the benefits of taking the medication for migraines. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the medication's effects? A. "I need to take it every day to reduce the frequency of migraines." B."I will take it as needed to get relief from migraines." C. "I will take it to shorten the duration of my migraines." D. "I will take this drug when a migraine starts."
41) A. "I need to take it every day to reduce the frequency of migraines."
42.) Which are conditions that may be treated using beta blockers? (Select all that apply.) A.Cardiac dysrhythmias B.Heart failure C.Hypotension D.Hypothyroidism E. Stage fright
42) A.Cardiac dysrhythmias B.Heart failure
43.)B What are the receptors that mediate most of epinephrines cardiac effects? A. Beta 1 adrenergic B. Beta 2 adrenergic C. Dopaminergic D. Alpha-adrenergic
43) A. Beta 1 adrenergic
44.) Beta-receptor antagonist primarily used for the treatment of glaucoma A. Esmolol B. Propanolol C. Timolol D. Nadolol
44) Esmolol
45.)A physician has prescribed omeprazole (PPI), the nurse should administer the medication- A.)30 minutes after meals B.)30 minutes before meals C.)with each meal D.)as needed
45) B. 30 minutes before meals
46.) A patient is receiving bethanecol, the nurse realizes that the action of the drug is to treat which condition? A.)Delayed gastric emptying B.)Glaucoma C.)Urinary retention D.)Peptic Ulcer disease
46) C. Urinary retention
47.)A nurse knows to teach a patient receiving atropine to expect which side effect? A.)Blurred vision B.)Chills C.)Diarrhea D.)Bradycardia
47) A.Blurred vision
48.) A patient is admitted with a dysrhythmia and the physician prescribes a Beta blocker for rate control, which statement but he patient would require the nurse to hold the order and speak w/the physician? A.)"I use an inhaler at home for asthma" B.)"My heart feels like it is racing." C.)"I had a large coffee for breakfast" D.)"I am allergic to shellfish"
48) D. "I am allergic to shellfish"
.)The nurse would be alerted to the occurrence of possible malignant hyperthermia from anesthesia administration when the patient demonstrates what symptom? A.)Muscle rigidity B.)Decreased body temperature C.)Apnea D.)Confusion
49) A. Muscle rigidity
5.) When metronidazole [Flagyl] is a component of the H. pylori treatment regimen, the patient must be instructed to do what? A. Avoid foods containing tyramine. B. Avoid any alcoholic beverages. C. Take the drug on an empty stomach. D. Take the drug with food.
5) B. Avoid any alcoholic beverages.
50.)A post-op patient is admitted to the PACU, the anesthesia team reports malignant hyperthermia occurred during surgery. What does the nurse understand about this complication. A.)Allergic response to anesthesia B.)Selected surgical procedures are higher risk C.)It is caused from a bacterial infection D.)Genetic predisposition acts as the stimulus to the reaction
50) A.)Allergic response to anesthesia
6.) An older adult patient with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has had only minimal relief using a histamine2-receptor antagonist (H2RA). The patient is to begin taking omeprazole [Prilosec]. What will the nurse teach this patient? A. Lifestyle changes can be as effective as medication therapy. B. A complete cure is expected with this medication. C. Long-term therapy may be needed. D. The medication will be used until surgery can be performed.
6) C. Long-term therapy may be needed.
7.) A patient stops taking a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) after 6 weeks of therapy for treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The patient reports symptoms of dyspepsia to the nurse. The nurse will tell this patient to: A. resume taking the PPI until symptoms resolve completely. B. come to the clinic to be tested for Clostridium difficile. C. try an antacid to see whether it relieves these symptoms. D. resume taking the PPI, because long-term therapy is necessary.
7) C. try an antacid to see whether it relieves these symptoms.
8.) A patient who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) receives a prescription for a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication. What will the nurse include when teaching the patient about this drug? A. "You should report any fever and cough to your provider." B. "The FDA has determined that there is a gastric cancer risk with this drug." C. "You may experience hypermagnesemia when taking this drug." D. "This drug will be given on a short-term basis only."
8) A. "You should report any fever and cough to your provider."
9.) Which nonpharmaceutical interventions can be used to reduce symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease? Select all that apply. A. Drinking soft drinks B. Consuming a glass of wine with meals C. Avoiding late-night meals D. Losing weight E. Stopping smoking
9) C. Avoiding late-night meals E. Stopping smoking
11.) A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about antidysrhythmic medications. Which statement by a student indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "Antidysrhythmic drugs can cause new dysrhythmias or worsen existing ones." B. "Adverse effects of these drugs are mainly noncardiac in nature." C. "For most antidysrhythmic drugs, there is evidence of reduced mortality." D. "Use of these drugs may be necessary even if the benefits are unknown."
A. "Antidysrhythmic drugs can cause new dysrhythmias or worsen existing ones."
7.) A nurse is discussing how beta blockers work to decrease blood pressure with a nursing student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? A. "Beta blockers block the actions of angiotensin II." B. "Beta blockers decrease heart rate and contractility." C. "Beta blockers decrease peripheral vascular resistance." D. "Beta blockers decrease the release of renin."
A. "Beta blockers block the actions of angiotensin II."
5.) A patient with diabetes develops hypertension. The nurse will anticipate administering which type of medication to treat hypertension in this patient? A. ACE inhibitors B. Beta blockers C. Direct-acting vasodilators D. Thiazide diuretics
A. ACE inhibitors
1.) A nurse administers an ACE inhibitor to a patient who is taking the drug for the first time. What will the nurse do? A. Instruct the patient not to get up without assistance. B. Make sure the patient takes a potassium supplement. C. Report the presence of a dry cough to the prescriber. D. Request an order for a diuretic to counter the side effects of the ACE inhibitor.
A. Instruct the patient not to get up without assistance.
15.) A patient with atrial fibrillation is receiving warfarin [Coumadin]. The nurse notes that the patient's INR is 2.7. Before giving the next dose of warfarin, the nurse will notify the provider and: A. administer the dose as ordered. B. request an order to decrease the dose. C. request an order to give vitamin K (phytonadione). D. request an order to increase the dose.
A. administer the dose as ordered.
19.)A patient who uses an inhaled glucocorticoid for chronic asthma calls the nurse to report hoarseness. What will the nurse do? A.Ask whether the patient is rinsing the mouth after each dose. B.Request an order for an antifungal medication C.Suggest that the patient be tested for a bronchial infection D.Tell the patient to discontinue use of the glucocorticoid.
A.Ask whether the patient is rinsing the mouth after each dose.
Which of the following drug classes is most effective for relieving acute bronchospasm? A.Beta 2 agonist B.Anticholinergics C.Mast cell stabilizers D.Methylxanthines
A.Beta 2 agonist
17.) A preschool child recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis has a new prescription for acetylycysteine. The nurse teaches the client and her family that the purpose of this medication is to do which of the following? A.Loosens secretions B.Decreases pain C.Minimizes nasal congestion D.Suppress cough
A.Loosens secretions
3.)Which groups of people are especially sensitive to medication effects? (Select all that apply.) A.Older adults B.Infants C.Caucasians D.Minorities E.Women
A.Older adults B.Infants
12.)Albuterol is used in the treatment of Asthma to: A.Promote bronchodilation B. Decrease inflammation C. Suppress the effects of leukotriene compounds D.Decrease airway mucous production
A.Promote bronchodilation
10.) A patient is prescribed codeine as an antitussive. Which symptom will the nurse observe for as an adverse effect of this medication? A.Respiratory depression B.Increased heart rate C.Productive cough D.Restlessness
A.Respiratory depression
9.) The nurse is preparing a staff education inservice about specific safety measures that reduce patient medication errors. Which measure improves safety for patients during care transition? A.Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy B.Medication reconciliation C.Regional Medication Safety Program. D.Medwatch Program
A.Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy
7) What is the primary action of an antitussive? A.Suppress the cough reflex B.Block histamine release C.Reduce the viscosity of bronchial secretions D.Dry bronchial secretions
A.Suppress the cough reflex
14.) When studying the impact a drug has on the body, the nurse is reviewing what? A.The drug's pharmacodynamics B.Drug's selectivity C.Drug's predictability D.Drug's pharmacokinetics
A.The drug's pharmacodynamics
9.) A patient with chronic hypertension is admitted to the hospital. During the admission assessment, the nurse notes a heart rate of 96 beats/min, a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg, bibasilar crackles, 2+ pitting edema of the ankles, and distension of the jugular veins. The nurse will contact the provider to request an order for which medication? A. ACE inhibitor B. Digoxin [Lanoxin] C. Furosemide [Lasix] D. Spironolactone [Aldactone]
C. Furosemide [Lasix]
3.) A provider has ordered an ACE inhibitor- captopril [Capoten] for a patient who has hypertension. The patient reports a history of swelling of the tongue and lips after taking enalapril [Vasotec] in the past. Which action by the nurse is correct? A. Administer the captopril and monitor for adverse effects. B. Hold the dose and notify the provider. C. Request an order to administer fosinopril instead of captopril. D. Reassure the patient that this is not a serious side effect.
B. Hold the dose and notify the provider.
1.)A nurse is giving an enteral medication. The patient asks why this method is preferable for this drug. How will the nurse reply? A."This route is safer, less expensive, and more convenient." B."This route allows more rapid absorption of the drug." C."This route prevents inactivation of the drug by digestive enzymes." D."This route is the best way to control serum drug levels."
B."This route allows more rapid absorption of the drug."
18.)To achieve therapeutic effectiveness, a nurse teaches a patient with chronic asthma to use an inhaled glucocorticoid medication according to which schedule? A.To abort an asthma attack B.On a continuing, daily basis C.2 weeks on, 2 weeks off D.Only in an emergency
B.On a continuing, daily basis
2.) The nurse identifies what as the goal of drug therapy in the treatment of patients? A.Follow-up with the prescriber B.Production of maximum benefit with minimum harm C.Correct administration technique D.Cure of the disease
B.Production of maximum benefit with minimum harm
2.) A patient begins taking an ACE inhibitor and complains of a dry cough. What does the nurse correctly tell the patient about this symptom? A. It indicates that a serious side effect has occurred. B. It is a common side effect that occurs in almost all patients taking the drug. C. It may be uncomfortable enough that the drug will need to be discontinued. D. It occurs frequently in patients taking the drug but will subside over time.
C. It may be uncomfortable enough that the drug will need to be discontinued.
18.) A patient has failed lifestyle modifications and LDL cholesterol remains elevated, statin therapy will be initiated, what lab value will need monitored? A. CBC B. Glucose C. Liver enzymes D. INR
C. Liver enzymes
6.) A nurse checks a patient's vital signs in the hospital and notes a blood pressure of 146/98 mm Hg. What will the nurse do? A. Instruct the patient to consume a low-sodium diet. B. Prepare the patient for an electrocardiogram and blood tests. C. Recheck the patient's blood pressure in the other arm. D. Request an order for a thiazide diuretic.
C. Recheck the patient's blood pressure in the other arm.
4.) A patient has had blood pressures of 150/95 and 148/90 mm Hg on two separate office visits. The patient reports a blood pressure of 145/92 mm Hg taken in an ambulatory setting. The patient's diagnostic tests are all normal. The nurse will expect this patient's provider to order: A. a beta blocker. B. a loop diuretic and spironolactone. C. a thiazide diuretic. D. counseling on lifestyle changes.
C. a thiazide diuretic.
12.) A patient who is taking a statin- simvastatin [Zocor] develops an infection and the provider orders azithromycin [Zithromax] to treat the infection. The nurse should be concerned if the patient complains of: A. nausea B. tiredness C. muscle pain. D. headache
C. muscle pain.
15.) What is the term for study of drug movement throughout the body which includes drug metabolism and drug excretion? A.Pharmacodynamics B.Biotransformation C.Pharmacokinetics D.First pass effect
C.Pharmacokinetics
Corticosteroids improve asthma symptoms by which of the following mechanisms? A.Blocking histamine release B.Drying bronchial secretions C.Suppressing inflammation D.Causing bronchodilation
C.Suppressing inflammation
8.) A nurse has provided education for a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension who is just beginning therapy with antihypertensive medications. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I may experience serious long-term problems even if I am not having symptoms." B. "I should report side effects to the provider since other drugs may be substituted." C. "I will need to take medications on a long-term basis." D. "When my symptoms subside, I may discontinue the medications."
D. "When my symptoms subside, I may discontinue the medications."
20.)The nurse is preparing to administer a medication with the following order: "Aldomet250 mg daily." What should the nurse do? A.Ask the patient how this medication is usually given B.Administer the medication by mouth. C.Administer the medication as it was given last time. D.Verify the order with the prescriber
D.Verify the order with the prescriber
13.) A nurse is instructing a patient receiving a cholesterol-lowering agent. Which information should the nurse include in the patient education? A. "This medication will replace other interventions you have been trying." B. "It is important for you to double your dose if you miss one to maintain therapeutic blood levels." C. "Stop taking the medication if you experience constipation." D. "You should continue your exercise program to increase your HDL serum levels."
D. "You should continue your exercise program to increase your HDL serum levels."
17.) A patient who takes warfarin [Coumadin] is brought to the emergency department after accidentally taking too much warfarin. The patient's heart rate is 78 beats/min, and the blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. A dipstick urinalysis is normal. The patient does not have any obvious hematoma or petechiae and does not complain of pain. The nurse will anticipate an order for: A. vitamin K (phytonadione). B. protamine sulfate. C. a PTT. D. a PT and an INR.
D. a PT and an INR.
14.) A patient asks a nurse how nitroglycerin works to relieve anginal pain. The nurse correctly states, "Nitroglycerin: A. dilates coronary arteries to increase blood flow to the heart." B. increases the oxygen supply to the cardiac muscle." C. increases ventricular filling to improve cardiac output." D. promotes vasodilation, which reduces preload and oxygen demand."
D. promotes vasodilation, which reduces preload and oxygen demand."
16.) A patient who takes warfarin for atrial fibrillation undergoes hip replacement surgery. On the second postoperative day, the nurse assesses the patient and notes an oxygen saturation of 83%, pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. The nurse will contact the provider to report possible ____ and request an order for ____. A. congestive heart failure; furosemide [Lasix] B. hemorrhage; vitamin K (phytonadione) C. myocardial infarction; tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) D. pulmonary embolism; heparin
D. pulmonary embolism; heparin
10.) A patient with heart failure who has been taking an ACE inhibitor, a thiazide diuretic, and a beta blocker for several months comes to the clinic for evaluation. As part of the ongoing assessment of this patient, the nurse will expect the provider to evaluate: A. complete blood count. B. ejection fraction. C. maximal exercise capacity. D. serum electrolyte levels.
D. serum electrolyte levels.
The nurse reviews a patient's admission orders written by the healthcare provider. Which medication order should the nurse question? A.Cyanocobalamin 100 mcg intramuscularly every month B.Levothyroxine 75 mcg orally every morning C.Enoxaparin 40 mg subQ every day for 7 days D.MSO4 2.0 mg IV every 2 to 4 hours as needed for pain
D.MSO4 2.0 mg IV every 2 to 4 hours as needed for pain
11.)A nurse is planning care for a patient who takes fexofenadine for allergic rhinitis. Which outcome should the nurse anticipate? A.Use limited to allergy season B.Absence of rebound congestion C.No complaints of dry mouth D.Relief of sneezing and itching
D.Relief of sneezing and itching
19.) What is the antidote for coumadin?
Vitamin K
20.) What is the antidote for heparin?
protamine sulphate