Pharmacology, Chapter 3, Toxic Effects of Drugs

Which client is at greatest risk for adverse effects from drug therapy? A) 76-year-old taking medications for diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and hypothyroidism B) 24-year-old pregnant woman being treated for a urinary tract infection C) 32-year-old who has been admitted to the hospital with pneumonia D) 58-year-old who has had a uncomplicated myocardial infarction and will be discharged after three days

A) 76-year-old taking medications for diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and hypothyroidism Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 32-33

A client is four months' pregnant. She works in the chemical unit of a research department and is responsible for handling various chemicals. Her gynecologist advised her not to expose herself to chemical or industrial vapors and specific drugs. These restrictions are advised because exposure to industrial vapors could: A) damage the immature nervous system of the fetus. B) affect the liver of the fetus. C) affect the eighth cranial nerve of the fetus. D) affect the kidneys of the fetus.

A) damage the immature nervous system of the fetus. Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 39

Many drugs, if taken during pregnancy, can cause adverse effects to the fetus. It is important for nurses to teach women the potential risks of fetal drug exposure. What are some potential risks? (Select all that apply.) A) blindness B) central nervous C) system defects D) heart anomalies E) limb deformities F) facial defects

All of the above Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 40

A client is diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is prescribed a statin by the physician. As part of client education, the nurse should teach the client to avoid eating: A) chicken B) cheese C) grapefruit D) corn

C) grapefruit Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 777-795

A client taking a beta blocker for hypertension tells the nurse he will no longer take the medication because it is causing an inability for him to maintain an erection. What is the best explanation for this issue by the nurse? A) "This is an idiosyncratic response to the medication, not an expected result. Such responses are genetically predetermined so you will not be able to take this medication." B) "This is a toxic reaction to the medication and can cause permanent damage. We need to take you off this medication immediately." C) "The sexual dysfunction is caused by an allergic reaction to the medication. We need to stop this drug immediately." D) "This is an expected adverse effect of the medication, but it is very important that you continue to take it. We can talk about other methods for sexual expression."

D) "This is an expected adverse effect of the medication, but it is very important that you continue to take it. We can talk about other methods for sexual expression." Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 32-33

Atropine, which is used preoperatively, is considered which drug classification? A) diuretic B) anticholinergic C) cholinergic D)benzodiazepine

B) anticholinergic Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 39

A nurse is instructing a client concerning a newly prescribed drug. What should be included to help improve client compliance and safety? A) measures to alleviate any discomfort associated with adverse effects B) a list of pharmacies where the drug can be obtained C) the cost of the brand-name drug compared with the generic form D) statistics related to phase III of testing for the prescribed drug

A) measures to alleviate any discomfort associated with adverse effects Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 33

A client develops a cytotoxic reaction to a drug. What would the nurse expect to do? A) Encourage the use of MedicAlert identification. B) Discontinue the drug immediately as ordered. C) Administer prescribed epinephrine subcutaneously. D) Administer antipyretics as ordered.

B) Discontinue the drug immediately as ordered. Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 35

A client is on antibiotic therapy for an axillary abscess. The client has been outside working in the yard and observes a rash everywhere that is not covered by clothing. What should the client be told about this finding? A) The client is allergic to the penicillin and should stop taking it immediately. B) The client is having photosensitivity and this can occur even with brief exposure to the sun or UV rays. C) The client had a reaction to something in the environment while working in the yard and should take an antihistamine. D) This is a normal reaction for anyone who takes antibiotics and is nothing to be concerned about.

B) The client is having photosensitivity and this can occur even with brief exposure to the sun or UV rays. Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 35

The nurse is caring for a client receiving an aminoglycoside (antibiotic) that can be nephrotoxic. Which will alert the nurse that the client may be experiencing nephrotoxicity? A) visual disturbances B) a decrease in urine output C) ringing noise in the ears D) yellowing of the skin

B) a decrease in urine output Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 36

A client is being seen in the emergency department for a sprained ankle and is given a drug to relieve pain. When a second dose of the pain medication is given, the client develops redness of the skin, itching, and swelling at the site of injection of the drug. The most likely cause of this response is: A) a hepatotoxic response. B) an allergic response. C) a paradoxical response. D) an idiosyncratic response.

B) an allergic response. Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 35

A client is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and prescribed the drug Coumadin (warfarin). The nurse would instruct the client to avoid what foods? A) foods with vitamin C B) foods with vitamin K C) foods with niacin D) foods with vitamin B

B) foods with vitamin K Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs, p. 804, 806.

A client is receiving an antineoplastic medication for treatment of breast cancer and begins having tonic-clonic seizure activity. What type of toxicity does the nurse recognize that this client is experiencing? A)Nephrotoxicity B)Neurotoxicity C)Ototoxicity D)Hepatotoxicity

B)Neurotoxicity Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 38-39

An elderly client has been taking a new medication for 2 months. During a follow-up visit, the client's son tells the nurse that he feels his mother's memory is getting worse. What concerns should the nurse have at this time? A) All elderly clients have dementia at some point in life, and the medication is making it worse. B) The client probably has the onset of Alzheimer disease. C) This may be coincidental, and the memory loss may be attributed to changes with aging. D) The nurse should not be concerned. Medication is not the cause of the client's confusion.

C) This may be coincidental, and the memory loss may be attributed to changes with aging. Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 32-33

The nurse should have basic knowledge of drug classifications in order to administer medications safely to clients. What drug information is instrumental in determining nursing actions following drug administration? A) route of administration B) body system affected C) adverse effects D) protocols

C) adverse effects Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 32-33

An instructor is preparing a class that describes the toxic effects of drugs. Which effect would the instructor expect to include? A) Many drugs are potentially harmless if used correctly. B) Any effect results from the alteration of several chemical factors. C) Most reactions occurring with present-day therapy are less severe than before. D) Drugs cause unexpected or unacceptable reactions despite screening and testing.

D) Drugs cause unexpected or unacceptable reactions despite screening and testing. Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 33

A client receiving drug therapy develops numbness and tingling in the extremities and muscle cramps. What assessment should the nurse perform? A) Check the client's blood glucose level. B) Check the client's urine output. C) Assess the client's level of orientation. D) Review the client's most recent potassium level.

D) Review the client's most recent potassium level. Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 37

Which drug classification is used to treat superinfections? A) antibiotics B) antimalarials C) antihistamines D) antifungals

D) antifungals Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 37

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a client receiving drug therapy. What would the nurse suspect if the results reveal an elevation in the blood urea nitrogen level and creatinine concentration? A) liver injury B) hypoglycemia C) hyperkalemia D) renal injury

D) renal injury Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 37

An 85-year-old has a creatinine level of 25. When the client is administered a medication, the client is at risk for which medication-related effect? A) therapeutic effect B) delayed gastric emptying C) increased absorption D) toxicity

D) toxicity Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs - Page 36