Pharmacology Midterm Part 2

When a patient taking a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor receives his dietary tray, the nurse knows to remove the

cheese

A patient taking rasagiline is assessed by the nurse to have a lasting significant increase in blood pressure. When reviewing the patient's current list of medications, the nurse decides to hold the next dose of

ciprofloxacin.

Why are beta blockers used cautiously in patients with respiratory conditions?

They may produce severe bronchoconstriction.

The nurse is assessing a patient who is being evaluated in an outpatient clinic for complaints of back pain. The patient reports taking diphenhydramine for insomnia related to job stress. Which statement by the nurse is accurate regarding this medication?

"This medication should only be taken for 1 week."

Dopamine agonists have been linked with which adverse effects in patients with Parkinson's disease?

Sudden sleep events

Why are benzodiazepines often preferred over barbiturates? (Select all that apply.)

They have selective action at specific receptor sites., Accidental overdoses are well tolerated., There is a wide range of safety between therapeutic and lethal levels., REM sleep is decreased to a lesser extent.

Which adverse effects associated with levodopa therapy would support the nursing diagnosis risk for injury?

Orthostatic hypotension

A patient is being discharged on an adrenergic bronchodilator. Which common adverse effect(s) will the nurse include in discharge teaching? (Select all that apply

Orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, dizziness, tremors

An older adult patient received a hypnotic agent at 9:00 PM. At 2:00 AM, the nurse discovers that the patient has removed her gown and is attempting to get out of bed without assistance. What type of medication effect is the patient exhibiting?

Paradoxical

The nurse is providing education to a patient recently placed on selegiline disintegrating tablets. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

"I will place the tablet on my tongue before breakfast and take with a full glass of water."

The nurse is teaching a patient with Parkinson's disease about levodopa. Which statement by the nurse is accurate regarding drug administration?

"Take this medication with food or antacids to reduce GI upset."

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reports having insomnia and a racing heart after starting terbutaline therapy. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?

"The symptoms will tend to resolve with continued therapy."

A patient with a history of type 1 diabetes after myocardial infarction has been placed on a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

"This medication lowers my blood pressure by helping me get rid of fluid."

Which category of medications is used for peripheral vascular diseases characterized by excessive vasoconstriction, such as Raynaud's disease?

Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents

A patient has been prescribed lorazepam (Ativan), a benzodiazepine used to treat insomnia. Which action will the nurse take?

Assess the patient's blood pressure in sitting and lying positions

Prior to the administration of metoprolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, which is most important for the nurse to assess?

Blood pressure

Which adverse effect(s) is/are common when a patient is receiving a cholinergic agent? (Select all that apply.)

Dizziness, bradycardia, and, nausea

What is the rationale for administering levodopa instead of dopamine for treatment of Parkinson's disease?

Dopamine does not cross the blood-brain barrier when administered orally

Which condition would alert the nurse of the need to use beta-adrenergic blockers cautiously?

Emphysema

Decreased patient anxiety

In addition to facilitating sleep, what is another benefit of sedatives?

The nurse is assessing a patient prior to discharge from same day surgery following an incisional breast biopsy. When assessing the patient's central nervous system (CNS) function following sedative-hypnotic therapy, what will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.

Level of alertness, ability to preform motor functions, and orientation

Which disease is associated with insufficient sleep?

Myocardial infarction

For what conditions are benzodiazepines prescribed?

Preoperative sedation

Which disorder(s) would indicate the use of anticholinergic agents? (Select all that apply.)

Preparation for surgery, Bradycardia, Parkinson's disease

Which two phases make up normal sleep?

Rapid eye movement (REM) and non REM

Parkinson's disease has which characteristic symptom(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Slow body movement, Muscle tremors, Posture alterations

Which cholinergic symptoms of Parkinson's disease are reduced with anticholinergic drugs?

Tremors and drooling

An older adult patient is to receive atenolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. Prior to administration of the drug, the nurse assesses an apical pulse rate of 58 and notes ankle edema. Which action will the nurse take first?

Withhold the medication

What point(s) should be included when teaching a patient about the use of apomorphine for treatment of Parkinson's disease? (Select all that apply.)

You may experience sleep attacks or episodes of daytime sleepiness., A multidose injector pen is commonly used to administer apomorphine, Apomorphine does not have any opioid activity, You may experience nausea and vomiting, which can be treated with trimethobenzamide (Tigan).

What can occur as a result of rapid withdrawal from long-term use of barbiturate therapy? (Select all that apply.)

delirium, weakness, anxiety, and grand mal seizures

The nurse is assessing an older patient with Parkinson's disease who was started on entacapone 1 week ago. The patient has a history of coronary artery disease and takes an antihypertensive and aspirin. Which information would support the need for a reduction in medication dosage by the health care provider?

dizziness

Before the initiation of anticholinergic medications, it is important for the nurse to screen patients for which condition?

A patient is being discharged on an adrenergic bronchodilator. Which common adverse effect(s) will the nurse include in discharge teaching? (Select all that apply

A patient hospitalized in an acute care setting reports to the nurse that since starting on an adrenergic medication, he has been feeling "dizzy and weak." The most appropriate action for the nurse is to

monitor the blood pressure in both the supine and standing positions.

Neurotransmitter(s) include: (Select all that apply.)

gamma aminobutyric acid., acetylcholine., serotonin., epinephrine, histamine

Which instruction(s) given by the nurse will assist a patient to cope with the common adverse effects of anticholinergic medications? (Select all that apply.)

increase fluids daily and sick on candy or ice chips.

The nurse is caring for an older patient recently admitted to an assisted living center who is experiencing insomnia associated with the recent relocation. At bedtime, which nursing action will assist the patient to sleep?

Performing back massage

The nurse is explaining the use of medications to a patient with insomnia. Which statement about sedatives is true?

Increased relaxation occurs with sedatives.

When reviewing a patient's history and physical information, the nurse notes that the patient has physician's orders for chloral hydrate and warfarin. During assessment of this patient, the nurse observes areas of petechiae and ecchymosis on the upper and lower extremities. The most appropriate lab work for the nurse to assess next is

prothrombin time.

A long-term care resident is taking an anticholinergic agent. The nurse observes the resident to be disoriented and hallucinating. The priority nursing action is to

provide for resident's safety. d.

The nurse is caring for a patient taking a cholinergic agent. When auscultating lung sounds, the nurse notes inspiratory and expiratory wheezing bilaterally. The best action for the nurse to take would be to

withhold the next dose and notify the physician.