PHI205 Quizzes

1. The sun has risen every day so far. ___________________Conclusion: The sun will rise tomorrow. This argument is Question 5Answer a. inductively strong b. not enough information to tell c. inductively weak d. deductive

a

According to cultural relativism, Question 2Select one: a. cultures cannot be wrong in their moral beliefs b. two people within a culture cannot disagree morally c. moral beliefs are objective d. every culture should be non-judgemental

a

According to cultural relativism, a culture can't make moral progress because Question 8Select one: a. when a culture exchanges one moral belief for another, both beliefs are true b. some moral values are accepted universally, within every culture c. cultures are judged according to other culture's standards d. cultures are always regressing

a

Compatibilists resolve the tension between determinism and free will by Question 9Select one: a. defining free will in terms of desires b. insisting that even though determinism is true, you still have the ability to choose otherwise c. denying determinism d. denying free will

a

Direct (naïve) realism holds that Question 3Select one: a. the world is basically as we take it to be b. realism is naive c. empiricism is naive d. the world is not as we take it to be

a

Dogs can act freely according to Question 6Select one: a. traditional compatibilists b. hard determinists c. Descartes d. deep-self compatibilists

a

Hard determinists believe that Question 4Select one: a. humans are not free b. humans don't deliberate c. human choices don't affect the future d. all of the above

a

If mental states are identical with particular brain states Question 7Answer a. then this rules out the possibility that some creature with radically different kinds of brains may nonetheless be in the same mental state as a human b. then we could never know what someone is feeling c. then we are not free d. then we might not have brains after all

a

In AI Artificial Intelligence, Monica, David's adoptive mother, Question 8Answer a. abandons David in the woods b. is constantly nagging both David and Martin to tidy their bedrooms c. secretly cuts off a lock of David's hair d. hides in the family's treehouse for 3 days

a

It's impossible to run faster than 25 miles an hour. The word 'impossible' in this sentence should be understood to mean Question 10Select one: a. causally impossible b. not impossible c. logically impossible d. epistemically impossible

a

Many dualists appeal to Leibniz's Law to argue for dualism. A key objection to this line of argument, which we considered in class, is Question 10Answer a. Leibniz's Law does not apply to how we conceive of two objects, A and B. That is, that we conceive of A and B differently does not show that A and B are distinct b. Leibniz's law does not apply to Superman/Clark Kent c. Leibniz's Law is invalid d. Leibniz's Law is outdated, given recent advancements in quantum theory

a

Philosophers who assert the existence of objective moral facts deny that Question 10Select one: a. moral facts depend on what is believed about them b. knowledge is propositional c. there are objective moral facts d. moral wisdom is practical wisdom

a

The Conceivability Argument claims that Question 3Answer a. we are more intimately connected to our minds than to our bodies b. the concept of a mind is inconceivable c. we cannot conceive of other people's minds d. our minds are an intimate part of our bodies

a

The Problem of Induction is that Question 7Select one :a. induction requires that the future will resemble the past, but in order to establish this, we have to assume it b. induction is ineffective sometimes since people are prone to make mistakes c. we can't distinguish waking experiences from dream experiences d. induction is merely about probabilities

a

The compatibilism/incompatibilism debate is about whether free will is compatible with Question 1Select one: a. determinism b. hard determinism c. responsibility d. causation

a

The ethical theories we considered in class give different answers to the question of whether there are objective moral facts. "Objective" here means Question 2Answer a. true or false independently of our beliefs about them b. made true by belief c. necessarily true d. believed by everybody

a

The scientists in AI Artificial Intelligence set out to create Question 2Answer a. a robot who can love b. a disembodied brain with telepathic powers c. a cure for an extremely infectious disease that causes blindness d. none of the above

a

The universe is really just like a complicated clock. But every clock has a maker. It follows therefore that the universe has to have a maker as well. This argument is Question 3Select one: a. an inductive argument by analogy b. an inductive argument by inference to the best explanation c. an enumerative inductive argument d. deductive

a

Throughout the film AI Artificial Intelligence, David enjoys the companionship of Question 9Answer a. a toy bear named Teddy b. a raccoon named Freddie c. an orga dog named Betty d. a monkey named Eddie

a

Which of the following argument structures are deductively valid? ONE 1. If J, then H 2. If H, then I 3. Not P 4. If I, then either P or Q 5. Not Q ______________ Not J TWO 1. P or Q 2. Not P _________ Q THREE 1. P or Q 2. Not P 3. If P, then R 4. R or S ______________ P or Q FOUR 1. J _________ J or H FIVE 1. J 2. J or H 3. If J, then S __________ H and S : a. ONE, TWO, THREE and FOUR b. ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR and FIVE c. TWO and THREE d. ONE, TWO and FOUR

a

Which of the following beliefs is indubitable, according to Descartes? Question 4Answer a. I think b. People exist c. I am a man d. I have hands

a

Which of the following is an example of an applied ethical question? Question 4Answer a. Should I get a tattoo? b. What does 'should' mean? c. Are there objective moral facts? d. What makes an action right or wrong?

a

Why, according to incompatibilists, is freedom incompatible with determinism? Question 2Select one: a. because freedom requires that you could choose otherwise b. because acting randomly is not the same as acting freely c. because freedom requires that your desires align with higher order desires d. because freedom requires that your desires align with your authentic self

a

You ask if I still have the ticket stub from a show we saw together. I pull it out of my pocket and show it to you. Now you know I have the ticket stub. This is a fine way to acquire knowledge, according to a/n Question 2Answer a. empiricist b. Cartesian dualist c. skeptic d. rationalist Feedback

a

You ask if I still have the ticket stub from a show we saw together. I pull it out of my pocket and show it to you. Now you know I have the ticket stub. This is a fine way to acquire knowledge, according to a/n Question 8Answer a. empiricist b. Cartesian dualist c. skeptic d. rationalist

a

The compatibilism/incompatibilism debate is about whether free will is compatible with Question 1Select one: a. responsibility b. causation c. determinism d. hard determinism

c

The objection of chauvinism to identity theory claims that identity theory is chauvinistic since Question 4Answer a. cannot accommodate, for example, the itchiness of an itch b. indiscriminately lumps disparate brain states together c. it says, for example, that the only way to experience pain is to have a brain like ours d. it is accused of male chauvinism

c

The strength of an inductive argument depends on Question 2Select one: a. the probability that the conclusion is true b. the probability that the premises are true, assuming the conclusion is true c. the probability that the conclusion is true, assuming the premises are true d. whether the conclusion is true

c

Thinking about role models is a good way to learn more about virtue theory because Question 8Select one: a. all role models are virtuous b. who's a role model is determined by a culture c. we can ask what virtues the people we look up to possess d. role models understand virtue theory

c

Two of my students entered my class last week wearing the same hat. The type of identity involved in this assertion is Question 2Answer a. both qualitative and numerical identity b. numerical identity c. qualitative identity d. not enough information to tell

c

Virtue theorists shift the focus in ethics from Question 9Select one: a. suffering to happiness b. principles to consequences c. actions to character traits d. consequences to principles

c

Which of the following argument structures are deductively valid? ONE 1. Q 2. If P, then Q ______________Q TWO 1.P or Q 2. P _______ Not R THREE 1. If A, then B 2. If B, then C 3. If C, then D ____________If A, then C FOUR 1. If P, then Q 2. Not P ____________Not Q FIVE 1. P or Q 2. Not Q 3. If P, then R ___________ R Question 6 Select one: a. ONE and THREE b. ONE, THREE, FOUR and FIVE c. ONE, THREE and FIVE d. ONE and TWO

c

Which of these argument is deductively valid? (Note that the letter for each choice is just above that choice.) Question 4Select one: a. 1. There are cookie crumbs on the counter. 2. The best explanation for this is that Ozzy got into the cookie jar. _______________ Conclusion: Ozzy got into the cookie jar. b. 1. If you jump in the pool, you'll get your shoes wet. 2. You got your shoes wet. ____________ Conclusion: You jumped in the pool. c. 1. If you take the bus, you'll arrive on time. 2. You didn't arrive on time. ______________ Conclusion: You didn't take the bus. d. all of the above

c

1. If you take the bus, you'll arrive on time. 2. You didn't take the bus. _______________________________ Conclusion: You didn't arrive on time. The argument above is Question 9Select one: a. true b. valid c. not an argument d. invalid

d

1. My dog is usually friendly toward other dogs. _______________ Conclusion: My dog will be friendly toward your dog. This argument is Question 7Select one: a. neither inductive nor deductive b. deductive c. not an argument d. inductive

d

According to Kant, the reason that human rationality subjects us to the categorical imperative is that Question 7Select one: a. all beings have infinite worth b. humans are capable of more profound types of happiness than other beings c. non-rational agents have only extrinsic worth d. rationality is the ability to take up a universal perspective by asking "what should I do?"

d

According to utilitarianism, Question 3Select one: a. the right action is the one that makes you the happiest b. your happiness matters most because it's yours c. it's morally permissible to allow a train to kill 5 people, when you could divert the train and have it kill only one person, who happens to be your child d. it is wrong to spend $10 on something you don't need, when the money could buy a vaccine to save the life of a child who will otherwise die a painful and premature death

d

Being a dog is ___________________ for being a collie. Question 10Select one: a. both necessary and sufficient b. neither necessary nor sufficient c. sufficient d. necessary

d

Descartes presents arguments for skepticism ultimately in order to Question 10Select one: a. show that we know nothing b. show that empiricism is true c. argue for skepticism d. establish a foundational account of knowledge

d

Determinism is the view that Question 10Select one: a. humans are not free b. some events are bound to happen, no matter what c. humans are not responsible d. the past determines the future

d

Existentialists believe Question 3Answer a. we are not free b. whether we are free depends on determinism c. we are neither free nor unfree d. we are free

d

If I quit school and move to the beach, then I'll save all the money I would have paid for tuition, room and board. If I save all the money I would have paid for tuition, room and board, then I can live without working for a few years. So if I quit school and move to the beach, then I can live without working for a few years. This argument is :a. inductive b. inductively weak c. invalid d. deductively valid

d

If an individual can have false moral beliefs, then Question 9Select one: a. cultural relativism must be true b. at least some other individuals must have true moral beliefs c. there are objective moral facts d. ethical subjectivism must be false

d

Simone de Beauvior believed that oppression Question 1Answer a. is impossible to undo b. makes life worth living by providing something we ought to strive to undo c. completely eliminates the freedom of oppressed people d. limits women's freedom, making it more difficult to act freely, but does not undermine their freedom completely

d

That an argument fails to establish its conclusion show that Question 1Answer a. the argument is valid b. the conclusion is false c. the premises are false d. none of the above

d

The peeping tom objection to utilitarianism asks us to consider a peeping tom, someone who enjoys watching people undress without them ever knowing about it. We are asked to suppose that the peeping tom is really good at peeping so that their victims never find out they are being watched. This is an objection to utilitarianism since Question 10Answer a. peeping toms are most appropriately dealt with within a punitive legal system b. the victim might enjoy being watched c. peeping violates the categorical imperative by failing to treat person's as ends in themselves d. intuitively the peeping tom seems to be doing something very wrong, but utilitarians can't say why it is wrong since it doesn't decrease anyone's happiness

d

The strength of an inductive argument depends on Question 5Select one: a. the probability that the conclusion is true b. whether the conclusion is true c. the probability that the premises are true, assuming the conclusion is true d. the probability that the conclusion is true, assuming the premises are true

d

Which of the following conclusions would make this argument deductively valid? 1 .If hard determinism is true, then we have no free will. 2. If we have no free will, then we are not responsible for our actions. 3. We are responsible for our actions. _________________________ Conclusion: Question 1Answer a. hard determinism is not true b. it is not the case that we have no free will c. we have free will d. all of the above

d

Which of the following is an example of ontological dependence? Question 8Answer a. a story on the written words that make up the story b. a set of numbers on the numbers that comprise the set c. the university on the dorms, buildings, quads, etc. d. all of the above

d

Which of the following statements is a priori? Question 1Select one: a. Raleigh is the best city in North Carolina b. Climate change is a threat to humanity's survival c. Philosophy class is exhilarating d. 1 + 1 = 2

d

Which of the following truths is analytic? Question 2Answer a. pancakes taste better with syrup b. bananas are most easily peeled from the bottom c. my dog is scraggly d. triangles have three sides

d

Which of these argument structures is INVALID? (Note that the letter for each choice is above the argument.) Question 9Select one: a. 1. P or Q 2. Not P 3. If Q, then R _________________ R b. 1. If S, then V 2. S 3. V or X ___________ X or Y c. 1. If P, then Q 2. Not Q ___________ Not P d. 1. P and Q 2. Not R 3. If R, then S __________ Q or S

b

1. If you take the bus, you'll arrive on time. 2. You didn't take the bus. _______________________________ Conclusion: You didn't arrive on time. The argument above is Question 8Select one: a. valid b. true c. invalid d. not an argument

c

According to cultural relativism, Question 3Select one: a. every culture should be non-judgemental b. moral beliefs are objective c. cultures cannot be wrong in their moral beliefs d. two people within a culture cannot disagree morally

c

Actors present a problem for logical behaviorism since Question 5Answer a. actors may convince us to be scared or sad, for example, at times when there is not a legitimate reason to be scared or sad b. actors make it difficult to observe behaviors c. actors show that some type of behavior may not be accompanied by the types of feelings that tend to accompany that type of behavior d. actors are currently striking for better wages

c

Compatibilists believe that Question 5Select one: a. you're unfree because you couldn't choose otherwise than you in fact do b. you're free because you could choose otherwise than you in fact do c. you're free, but not because you could choose otherwise than you in fact do d. none of the above

c

Coyote and Thales Question 7Select one: a. demonstrate eudaimonia b. are presented as role models of virtue c. don't understand how they are related to the things around them d. are eager to get revenge

c

Identity theory about the mind is accused of chauvinism. Functionalism responds to this objection of chauvinism by Question 1Answer a. identifying the functional role of the brain b. defining functionality in terms of both an Aristotelian telos and natural selection c. taking mental states to be identical with particular functional roles, rather than with specific states of the brain d. cataloguing the well-researched functions of various brain/mental states

c

It is not wrong to kill spiders. But if spiders have eternal souls, then it is wrong to kill them. Thus, it is false that spiders have eternal souls. What is the correct way to symbolize this argument? a. 1. Not W 2. If E, then not W ______________ Not E b. 1. Not W 2. If E, then not W ________ E c. 1. Not W 2. If E, then W ____________________ Not E d. none of the above

c

Indigenous philosophy emphasizes Question 10Select one: a. eternal truth b. how we are related to all that is around us c. women's ingenuity d. acting impartially on the basis of sound principles

B

Kimmerer contrasts the Native American creation story of Skywoman with the Judao-Christian story of Adam and Eve. Eve ate from the fruit of the tree in her garden and was banished from the garden, destined to a life of toil. Skywoman, on the other hand Question 7Answer a. arrived on Earth on the back of a majestic golden horse b. planted a garden, in an act of reciprocity with the generosity of all the other beings c. cried tears of joy, which became the oceans d. sang a sweet song to give life to the rest of creation

B

The grammar of animacy treats Question 4Answer a. parts of the natural world as animate, or as "more-than-human persons" b. God like a human being, comprised of flesh and blood c. the Earth as a single, unified organism d. household objects like holy relics

A

Kimmerer discusses the word Puhpowee, which means "the force which causes mushrooms to push up from the earth overnight." Puhpowee is also used for Question 5Answer a. the origins of microbial life in soil b. erect penises c. how all fungi are united into one integrated being d. the omnipresent energy of the sun

B

Which of the following arguments is deductively valid? (Note that each argument corresponds to the letter just above it.) 1. If you tip your baristas, your baristas will have a better day. 2. If your baristas have a better day, they'll be nicer to their roommates. Conclusion: If you tip your baristas, they'll be nicer to their roommates. b. 1. I had a severe reaction after eating that sandwich, so it must be that I am allergic to either cream cheese or sauerkraut. 2. I'm not allergic to cream cheese. Conclusion: I am allergic to sauerkraut. c. 1. If you have perfect attendance, you get an A in the class. 2. You didn't get an A in the class. Conclusion: You didn't have perfect attendance. d. All of the above

All of the above

1. Ozzy's name starts with the letter "O." 2. If a name starts with the letter "O," it starts with a vowel. ______________________ Conclusion: Ozzy's name starts with a vowel. The first premise of this argument is a. invalid b. true c. valid d. false

B

Which of the following argument structures are deductively valid? ONE 1. P or Q 2. If P, then H 3. H or I 4. Not I Therefore:P TWO 1. P and Q 2. If P, then H or I 3. Not I Therefore: Not P THREE 1. P or Q 2. P Therefore: Not Q FOUR 1. H or not R 2. If not H, then not P 3. P Therefore R FIVE 1. P and Q and G 2. If not G, then R 3. R or G Therefore: Not R a. FOUR b. ONE, TWO, and THREE c. FOUR and FIVE d. none of the above

D

Kant believes you should always keep your promises because Question 5Select one: a. keeping promises is virtuous b. keeping promises promotes the greatest happiness for the greatest number c. breaking promises violates the Categorical Imperative d. keeping promises is commanded by God

c

Necessary truths Question 9Answer a. are always known to be true b. may be true or false, depending on how the world actually is c. are true regardless of how the world actually is d. are true by definition

c

The Euthyphro Problem points to a dilemma for divine command theory. If God chooses what to command based on what is right and wrong, then there is another source (besides God) of rightness and wrongness. But if God's command is what itself makes things right or wrong, then God's commands become Question 6Select one: a. vicious b. intolerant c. arbitrary d. likely to lead us astray

c

The scientific method is grounded in Question 6Select one: a. Cartesian dualism b. empiricism c. rationalism d. skepticism

b

The three sisters are Question 3Answer a. air, water, and fire b. corn, beans and squash c. growth, health, and spirituality d. Jackie, Delouise, and Mary Catherine

b

Which of the following is an intentional object, in the sense discussed in Ultimate Questions, Ch. 6? Question 6Answer a. a shoe b. a painting of a person c. a spider walking deliberately across a table d. thunder

b

The argument in question 5, about spiders' souls, is Question 6Select one: a. inductive b. inductively strong c. deductively valid d. not deductively valid

c

"If determinism is true, you don't really have the freedom to choose how to answer this question." This statement Question 3Select one: a. is true according to determinism b. is false according to compatibilism c. is true according to compatibilism d. is false according to determinism

b

According to Sartre, 'bad faith' means Question 10Answer a. underestimating your capacity to imagine b. convincing yourself you are less free than you really are c. overestimating your self-worth d. believing without reason

b

All birds can fly. / Penguins cannot fly. These statements are Question 8Select one: a. logically consistent b. logically inconsistent c. valid d. controversial

b

Cultural relativists believe Question 7Select one: a. there is no right or wrong b. what's right or wrong is relative to what is believed c. cultures should be tolerant d. cultures should be reformed

b

Empiricists believe that Question 5Select one: a. morality is relative to what is believed b. knowledge comes from perception c. there is no external reality d. knowledge comes from a priori reasoning

b

Ethical subjectivism does not allow for individuals to disagree about morality since Question 4Select one: a. it holds that disagreeing would inhibit moral progress b. it holds that everyone's ethical beliefs are correct c. it holds that most ethical beliefs are false d. it holds that disagreement is intolerant

b

Ethical subjectivism does not allow for individuals to disagree about morality since Question 5Select one: a. it holds that disagreeing would inhibit moral progress b. it holds that everyone's ethical beliefs are correct c. it holds that disagreement is intolerant d. it holds that most ethical beliefs are false

b

In AI Artificial Intelligence, David, the robot boy, gets into trouble when he Question 4Answer a. tries to climb onto the roof of his house b. eats spinach at the dinner table c. sets a shed on fire d. encounters a bear in the wilderness

b

In AI Artificial Intelligence, David, the robot boy, grabs onto Martin, the "organic" boy, and Question 7Answer a. pleads for his love and affection b. drags Martin into a swimming pool, where Martin nearly drowns c. tries to force him into a car d. threatens to abandon him in the woods

b

In AI Artificial Intelligence, when David finally finds Blue Fairy, he Question 6Answer a. spends an afternoon with her at a park b. stays near her for thousands of years c. falls in love with her d. betrays her by sharing Martin's secrets

b

Kant believed Question 6Answer a. it is always wrong to treat someone as a means to an end b. it is wrong to treat a person as a means to an end without also at the same time respecting them as a full person and end in themself c. it is wrong to give money to charity, since you ultimately don't know how the money will be spent d. all of the above

b

One difference between Western epistemology and the Native epistemology we studied is that on the Native picture, Question 8Select one: a. knowledge is a priori b. knowledge is not propositional c. knowledge takes time to acquire d. knowledge is gained through experience

b

The problem of interaction is that Question 9Answer a. it is not clear how our bodies influence the world beyond our bodies b. if minds and bodies are distinct, it is not clear how they could causally influence one another c. if minds and bodies are identical, it is not clear how one precedes the other d. it is not clear how we interact with both our minds and bodies

b