Phil 350 final exam

Which of the following is true?

Adult pornography is legal in the U.S.

Why does Wenz think theocracy is an unstable basis for public policy?

Because following God's commands has led people to contradictory conclusions.

Which of the following is used in a feminist argument for pornographic freedom?

Censorship to protect women contributes to their subordination.

Which of the following is true? Child pornography that is made with digital image techniques that do not use real children is legal.

Child pornography that is made with digital image techniques that do not use real children is legal.

The legal argument against affirmative action is not based on

the 1st Amendment.

In using Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), much pain and suffering is avoided, and great joy provided by saving lives and ensuring that genetic diseases don't affect future generations. This reasoning most closely resembles

utilitarian reasoning.

White privilege is the concept that

whites in our society benefit because of their race.

Which of the following attempts by Congress to protect children from pornography was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court?

Communications Decency Act

Which of the following most applies to a single society, and so would reject holding citizens indefinitely without criminal charges, but not object to holding foreigners on foreign soil without due process?

Contractarianism

_____________________ think that state laws should be fair to everyone, and one sign of fairness is acceptability to all people, regardless of their social positions. Only rules that allow for equal opportunity pass this test. Marriage laws allowing polygamy do not pass this test. Therefore, polygamy should be illegal.

Contractarians

Which of the following, if any, make a case against the use of PGD?

Contractarians Communitarians Social Conservatives

With regard to the temptation to use genetic engineering, which view would likely say to value acceptance and appreciation of what nature has given us, and that long-term human survival and well-being depend on people rejecting many attempts to improve on nature?

Environmentalism

Which of the following would be most supportive of living wills?

Libertarians

_______________________ argue that PGD should be used for sex selection and genetic enhancements.

Libertarians

___________________________ argue that the war on drugs is an illegitimate state intrusion into personal autonomy.

Libertarians

Wenz points to _____________________________ as an example of a person who expresses the ideals of cosmopolitans and contractarians on the topic of racial profiling.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

In Wenz's estimation, which of the following does not have theocratic leanings?

Mill

According to Wenz

ODDA is not a compromise between libertarian and communitarian approaches.

Which of the following is false?

Our current laws say that patients cannot decide for themselves with clear advance directives whether they want to live on ANH.

For Wenz, what is the difficulty with political philosophy?

People thinking that there is one political philosophy that covers all issues.

Which of the following is used in a feminist argument against pornographic freedom?

Pornography makes society dangerous for women.

According to Wenz, which of the following is false?

Restrictions on abortion violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

According to Wenz, ___________________ rely on emotions of disgust to protect us from innovations that could upset the social equilibrium.

Social Conservatives

Which of the following have a "perfectionist" political philosophy that influences their stance on the war on drugs?

Social conservatives

Which of the following is an example of affirmative action?

Taking affirmative steps to ensure that minorities have equal employment opportunities. A way to protect minorities against blatant discrimination in hiring. A way to stop the social momentum of past discrimination.

Which of the following might be used in a feminist argument about abortion?

The burdens of pregnancy directly affect only women. Abortion laws deny women the right to self-determination. Abortion rights promote equality between the sexes.

Which of the following is a theocratic (political) claim about euthanasia, as opposed to an ethical claim about euthanasia?

The government should make removal of ANH illegal and everyone should be required to stay on ANH indefinitely, because of God's commandment not to kill.

Which of the following is part of the utilitarian case in favor of using torture to gain intelligence from prisoners?

Torture is bad, but morally right when needed to avert worse evils.

Which of the following is part of the cosmopolitan case against torture to gain intelligence from prisoners?

Torture is wrong, even if it produces intelligence that saves soldiers' lives.

Which of the following does Wenz consider a secular justification of the equal importance of every human being?

Treating some people as less important than others leads to civil dissension and disharmony, which could endanger everyone's security.

Which of the following political philosophies does not oppose harms reduction programs in the war on drugs?

Utilitarian

In the war on drugs, which of the following has the most focus on harm reduction?

Utilitarians

can offer support to all three of these issues: (a) denying detained suspects all judicial means of contesting their detention, (b) using torture to gain intelligence needed to thwart and apprehend terrorists, (c) using racial profiling to help identify terrorists.

Utilitarians

According to the fourteenth amendment, no state shall deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws. Therefore, anything solely based on racial discrimination is against the law. Therefore, affirmative action should be illegal. This is an example of

a legal argument against affirmative action.

The libertarian argument for affirmative action says that

affirmative action returns stolen economic opportunities.

Genetic engineering replaces chance with choice. The use of genetic engineering encourages people to take full credit for their achievements. In doing so, this could reduce people's tendency to share with those less fortunate. Genetic engineering, therefore, should not be allowed. This reasoning most closely resembles

communitarian reasoning.

Which of the following likes to emphasize that a good society helps pregnant women and working mothers in order to reduce the burdens of pregnancy and motherhood?

communitarianism

About legalized lethal dueling with pistols,

communitarians will say laws against dueling help preserve a good society.

Making polygamy a crime denies polygamists the opportunity to take advantage of law enforcement, child welfare agencies, and other societal resources. The state should not pick and choose lifestyles. Therefore, making polygamy illegal is wrong. This reasoning most closely resembles

contractarian reasoning.

Wenz views the Catholic position on pornography as

favoring legislation to outlaw erotica, pornography, and obscenity.

Feminist political philosophy says that the state should ensure that no person is disadvantaged for being female. With regard to pornography,

feminists are divided on whether pornography does more harm than good for women.

The issue of pornography is an issue about

free speech. free press. communication.

With how child pornography has been dealt with by Congress and the Supreme Court, it seems that the issue of child pornography is an issue about

free speech. free press. communication.

Peter Wenz's brother, Robert, turns his back on ___________________when he supports laws limiting health insurance optionsfor women giving birth.

free-market conservativism

The argument for affirmative action officially endorsed by the Supreme Court is

improve the education of students.

Catherine Gilgunn was a woman in her early seventies who had a burning desire to live. In the event of a health-care emergency, she instructed her doctors and family to do everything that could be done to save her. The hospital where she was being treated decided that Mrs. Gilgunn should be taken off a respirator because the hospital's committee thought it was best for her.

involuntary passive euthanasia

The Supreme Court found that partial birth abortion

is often used early in the pregnancy, when states may not limit abortion.

Part of the legitimate role of the government is to help citizens get their stolen property returned to them. Affirmative action programs restore stolen economic opportunities to certain groups of people. Therefore, authorizing affirmative action programs is part of the legitimate role of the government. This argument seems mostly

libertarian

When the Supreme Court makes the argument that pornography is a form of speech protected by the First Amendment, it is making a ________________________ argument.

libertarian

According to Wenz, on the issue of abortion, which of the following would be most compatible with feminism?

libertarianism

In viewing the issue of pornography, according to Wenz, which of the following is not lined up against free speech?

libertarianism

According to Wenz, the most prominent political philosophies appealed to in the Terri Schiavo case were

libertarianism and theocracy.

Advocates of which of the following political philosophies joined forces during the New London eminent domain case?

libertarians and contractarians

The state should accommodate as many different cultural traditions as can peacefully coexist. Therefore, the state should legally recognize polygamy. This reasoning most closely resembles

multicultural reasoning.

Which view would be suspicious of using emotions of disgust to protect us from innovations?

multiculturalist

Which of the following are against the war on terrorism?

none of the above

Which of the following favor using drugs?

none of the above

Wenz says that history shows us that

people can differ on religious matters and live in productive peace and harmony.

Because gay men tend to be promiscuous, same-sex marriage would degrade traditional marriage. Therefore, gay matrimony should not be legalized. This reasoning most closely resembles

social conservative reasoning

If we look to tradition, we will observe that marriage is an essential institution. We should also notice that the institution of marriage is currently in trouble. Same-sex marriage will strengthen this important institution. Therefore, gay matrimony should be legalized. This reasoning most closely resembles

social conservative reasoning.

If we accept affirmative action, then we would have to accept racial classification. We should not accept racial classification.

social conservative.

The Supreme Court's stance on affirmative action seems mostly

social conservative.

Which of the following envision a society rededicated to the nuclear family and the simple pleasures of home life?

social conservatives

Which of the following reject contraception and abortion?

social conservatives

Educating young people, helping drug abusers overcome addiction, and disrupting drug markets are three parts of

the government's 3-part strategy in the war on drugs.

Wenz says that people often assume that _____________________ appeals most to non-minority, business-oriented religious people in traditional families.

the red right-wing Republican political philosophy

According to Wenz...2

theocratic reasoning has had a long and distinguished history in the U.S.

The Bible declares that homosexuality is a disgrace. Therefore, gay marriage must be opposed. This reasoning most closely resembles

theocratic reasoning.

The libertarian argument against affirmative action says that

those who perform best should be admitted, therefore racial preferences are unjust.

According to Wenz, Justice Thomas, in making his case that Yaser Esam Hamdi should be incarcerated indefinitely without due process, was using __________________ reasoning.

utilitarian

Increased crime, futility, and increased racism are three parts of the __________________ case against the war on drugs.

utilitarian

When Justice Brennan (1957) makes the argument that obscene speech, because it's utterly without redeeming social importance is not protected by the 1st Amendment, he is making a ________________________ argument.

utilitarian

Throwing doubt on the ability of blacks to succeed without special preferences is a premise in the

utilitarian argument against affirmative action.

Maintaining the legitimacy of major social institutions is a premise in the

utilitarian argument for affirmative action.