Philosophy Final Exam

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roughly 40.3 million individuals

Approximately how many people are slaves today

ethics

Descriptive and Prescriptive

Ring of Gyges

Plato argues that the Ring of Gyges- invisibility and anonymity- is the only barrier between a just and an unjust person.

How many slaves are there in the world today?

Researchers estimate that 40 million are enslaved worldwide,

cotton and chocolate

Two products we consume made by slave labor

Physicalism

a metaphysical position that all we are is a brain and body

Weak AI

a position that computers are simply machines that will never be 'human'

Strong AI

a position that computers will not be able to think and feel just like humans

Metaphysical Dualism

a position that we are only one kind of stuff

Metaphysical monism

a position that we are two kinds of stuff, physical and mental

Mind/body problem

a problem about how consciousness relates to the physical body

Mary the colorblind neurologist

a story that shows the difference between the 'hard' and easy problems of consciousness

Singularity

a supposed time when there is no difference between humans and machines

Turning Test

a test to determine whether a computer can have emotions

Principle of the nonidentity of Discernibles

a theory that if we can tell a difference between two things, they are the same

Moore's law

a theory that technology develops very slowly and steadily

Interactionism

a theory that the 'mind' and 'brain' communicate

Functionalism

a theory that the mind is characterized by particular patterns of inout-processing-output

What is "Fair Trade"

a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect, that seeks greater equity in international trade

Egoism

an ethical theory holding that the good is based on the pursuit of self-interest

Dystopia

an ideal commonwealth whose inhabitants exist under seemingly perfect conditions.

Utopia

an ideal commonwealth whose inhabitants exist under seemingly perfect conditions.

What is probably the largest slave business in the US?

child sex slavery

A problem with dualism

is figuring out where the interaction take place

Multiple Realizability

means that something can be embodies in multiple ways

The One's Who Walk Away from Omelas

posits that there can be no happiness without suffering. Even in her imagined city of perfect happiness, LeGuin insists that one child must suffer extreme neglect and torture so the other citizens may experience joy.

Occam's Razor

says to accept the simplest theory that works

A problem with dualism

that brain science has not worked very well

Hedonism

the position that pleasure is the only thing that has value

utility

the principle that actions are to be judged by their usefulness in this sense

Utilitarianism

the view that there are universal and objectively valid moral principles that are relative neither to the individual nor to society

Principle of Utility

this definition of utilarianism

Intelligence/self-awareness/consciousness

three criteria for determining if a computer is plugged in

Phineas Gage

was a railroad worker who had a brain injury that supports dualism

Maelzel's Chess Player

was an alleged chess-playing machine invented by a Wolfgang von Kempelen


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