Philosophy Final Exam
roughly 40.3 million individuals
Approximately how many people are slaves today
ethics
Descriptive and Prescriptive
Ring of Gyges
Plato argues that the Ring of Gyges- invisibility and anonymity- is the only barrier between a just and an unjust person.
How many slaves are there in the world today?
Researchers estimate that 40 million are enslaved worldwide,
cotton and chocolate
Two products we consume made by slave labor
Physicalism
a metaphysical position that all we are is a brain and body
Weak AI
a position that computers are simply machines that will never be 'human'
Strong AI
a position that computers will not be able to think and feel just like humans
Metaphysical Dualism
a position that we are only one kind of stuff
Metaphysical monism
a position that we are two kinds of stuff, physical and mental
Mind/body problem
a problem about how consciousness relates to the physical body
Mary the colorblind neurologist
a story that shows the difference between the 'hard' and easy problems of consciousness
Singularity
a supposed time when there is no difference between humans and machines
Turning Test
a test to determine whether a computer can have emotions
Principle of the nonidentity of Discernibles
a theory that if we can tell a difference between two things, they are the same
Moore's law
a theory that technology develops very slowly and steadily
Interactionism
a theory that the 'mind' and 'brain' communicate
Functionalism
a theory that the mind is characterized by particular patterns of inout-processing-output
What is "Fair Trade"
a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect, that seeks greater equity in international trade
Egoism
an ethical theory holding that the good is based on the pursuit of self-interest
Dystopia
an ideal commonwealth whose inhabitants exist under seemingly perfect conditions.
Utopia
an ideal commonwealth whose inhabitants exist under seemingly perfect conditions.
What is probably the largest slave business in the US?
child sex slavery
A problem with dualism
is figuring out where the interaction take place
Multiple Realizability
means that something can be embodies in multiple ways
The One's Who Walk Away from Omelas
posits that there can be no happiness without suffering. Even in her imagined city of perfect happiness, LeGuin insists that one child must suffer extreme neglect and torture so the other citizens may experience joy.
Occam's Razor
says to accept the simplest theory that works
A problem with dualism
that brain science has not worked very well
Hedonism
the position that pleasure is the only thing that has value
utility
the principle that actions are to be judged by their usefulness in this sense
Utilitarianism
the view that there are universal and objectively valid moral principles that are relative neither to the individual nor to society
Principle of Utility
this definition of utilarianism
Intelligence/self-awareness/consciousness
three criteria for determining if a computer is plugged in
Phineas Gage
was a railroad worker who had a brain injury that supports dualism
Maelzel's Chess Player
was an alleged chess-playing machine invented by a Wolfgang von Kempelen
