Philosophy Midterm True & False

All human beings can be said to be philosophers in the sense of having a disciplined desire to know everything that is.

False

Apology, in the Plato's dialogue means feeling sorry for one's actions, and thus in the Apology Plato concerns Socrates' sorrow for having displeased the gods and fellow Athenians because of his way of life.

False

As a study of being as such, metaphysics has no relation to reality but is only concerned with abstract ideas and mental constructs of man.

False

Because different and often opposing, philosophical views abound throughout the history of philosophy, philosophical pursuits are hopeless and philosophy itself is meaningless.

False

David Hume was an ancient philosopher who relied on sensory perceptions for human knowledge and was known as empircist.

False

For Thomas, each sense has a specific formal object that acts upon that particular sense and causes the sense to be in act; for example hearing is the formal object of sound.

False

Human knowledge for Thomas, following Aristotle, begins in sensation, through which we use our senses to actively seek out the world in order to know more of reality.

False

In directly trying to expose everyone's ignorance and thereby prove the accuracy of the oracle about his own wisdom, Socrates made enemies among his fellow Athenians.

False

In the Phaedo, Plato introduced his theory of forms to show that forms such as "the Just itself," "Goodness itself" and the "beautiful itself" can be best grasped by the senses when the soul is closely connected with the body.

False

In the Phaedo, Plato portrays the senses to be especially helpful in the man's pursuit of knowledge and that the serious philosopher should always seek pleasure and avoid pain in order to live a full, human life.

False

In the description of philosophy as a disciplined desire to know, the essential is that which must be in a thing for that thing to be what it is, for example, the redness of apples.

False

Kierkegaard and Nietzche were independent co-founders of existentialism, a philosophical position which emphasizes individual freedom and existence and requires the non-existence of God for its flourishing.

False

Philosophers of the contemporary period of philosophy abandoned everything prior to their own time and started philosophy afresh.

False

Philosophy can be divided into the two main branches of speculative and practical philosophy, with ethics universally agreed as belonging purely to the speculative branch.

False

Philosophy in its etymological origin (root meaning) means "love of thinking."

False

Plato's Apology is undeniably biased, written with a view explicitly to vindicate Socrates without any consideration to historical accuracy.

False

Rene Descartes was known as the founder or Father of Western philosophy who rejected philosophical methods and positions of the previous period.

False

Since any being can have only one substantial form, in any substantial form, in a substantial change the substance remains the same while its accidents can be lost or gained.

False

Socrates was surprised that the jury found him guilty of the charges and pleaded to be spared from death, promising to stop all philosophical questionings and endeavors.

False

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were prominent ancient philosophers who consistently held the same philisophical view with one another.

False

The "change of place" which Socrates views as a possible meaning for death refers to being in the company of the gods and heroes where all questionings would cease.

False

The Contemporary period is an attempt to return to the philosophy of the Medieval period mainly concerned to understand and express the harmony between faith and reason.

False

The Medieval period was concerned to reconcile faith and reason because thinkers held them to be inherently conflicting with one another.

False

The Sophists of the ancient period of philosophy were well-respected leaders of the ancient Greece and among them Socrates.

False

The influence of philosophy was relatively little in the ancient period but began to grow its greatest prominence in the 17th century.

False

The principles of act and potency account for the occurrence of change, with potency as the actual state of being at any time in the process of change.

False

Western philosophy can be said to originate in Rome roughly around 6th century B.C. with Aristotle.

False

Wisdom that is loved and sought by philosophers, as the knowledge of first causes or first principles, is the highest speculative knowledge which is loved for the sake of some other purpose.

False

A main theme of the Phaedo is the distinction between bodily sensations and the life of the soul, with the body regarded as a hindrance to the soul's pursuit of truth and wisdom.

True

After his conviction, Socrates rejected the option of discontinuing his philosophical activity as a penalty because he maintained that the unexamined life is not worth living.

True

An accidental change occurs when an attribute is either lost or gained by the substance; for example, water becoming hot.

True

Essence has a real composition of form and matter that unites groups of things that are similar to one another as well as differentiates things from one another in the same group.

True

Existence, or the attribute of existing, is the quality that makes something more than nothing and thus an actually existing thig.

True

For Kant, human knowledge is phenomenal since all we can know is how objects appear to us as innate qualities in us modify whatever we come to know.

True

Idealists, such as Pythagoras, do not rely on sensory perceptions and hold that the world is eternal and unchanging.

True

Immanuel Kant was a modern philosopher who tried to synthesize rationalism and empiricism, affirming the existence of both the noumenal and phenomenal.

True

In his speech, Socrates compared himself to a gadfly stirring the citizens from their intellectual sleep to examine their values and views in order to improve themselves.

True

Materialists were the first to abandon religious or mythical explanations for the universe and proposed instead a philisophical or scientific approach to understanding the universe and reality.

True

Metaphysics, as understood by St. Thomas, considers the whole of reality, consisting of all things that exist, and thus is foundational for philosophy.

True

Philosophy and the human person are necessarily and inseparably linked because it is the essence of being human to desire to know.

True

Philosophy as a natural desire to know everything that is refers to the basic disposition of human beings to want to know everything that is refers to the basic disposition of human beings to want to know but is carried out sloppily and vaguely without much commitment.

True

Philosophy is divided into separate branches according to the different questions that were of major concern to philosophers who raised them and sought to address them.

True

Philosophy seeks to answer general, fundamental questions of the meaning of life and reality in order to deepen our understanding of human experiences and the world around us.

True

Socrates argued his innocence against the charge of corrupting the youth by reducing it to the absurdity of claiming one person can corrupt while the many do not improve or better them.

True

Socrates argued that accusations against him arose from a general misunderstanding of his art leading to resentment from people of different classes whose claim to wisdom was exposed as false by him.

True

Socrates prophesied to those who convicted him that others will take his place and will carry on his practice of persuading others not to be complacent with themselves.

True

Socrates' method of questioning or cross-examining his interlocutors to arrive at truth, a method still used today in teaching, is called an elenchus.

True

Thales was a materialist of the ancient period who held that the primal substance of the universe is water.

True

The Apology can be said to be a defense of not only of Socrates but also of philosophy itself because by defending himself against the charges, Socrates is also defending the practice of philosophy he carried out and others will take up after him.

True

The paradox of Socratic wisdom lies in the awareness of one's ignorance: to be wise is to be aware that one does not know everything.

True

The prominence of the Catholic Church in Medieval philosophy led some scholars to reject philosophical contributions of Medieval thinkers and refer to this period as the "dark ages."

True

The subject of metaphysics is being qua being, which is a special consideration of sensible, physical things in the world, from the perspective of their existence.

True

Thomas Aquinas was a Dominican philosopher- theologian whose teaching greatly influenced the Church's understanding of the relationship between faith and reason.

True

Thomas understands sensation in its nature to be something passive, in which the exterior senses in the here and now are acted upon by "others," namely, objects in the world.

True

Though a capacity for receiving many and diverse modes of being, the principle of potency also places a limit on the range of change a thing can undergo, according to its nature.

True