philosophy quiz 2

Freud Claims about human Nature

Cruel, Aggressive and selfish

What is meaning of Interacting two substances in Dualist?

Descartes own contemporaries ridiculed the idea dualist idea interact at the pineal gland

What are three assumptions about Human Nature?

First they ask us to believe that all humans have a self: the ego or "I" that exists in a physical body and that is conscious and rational. Second they ask us to believe that self is different from, but related to the body. Third they ask us to believe that this self endures through time: self remains self throughout life but can remain the same after death.

What, for Plato, was an eternal and perfect ideal that existed in an unchanging heaven?

For Plato Forms are the eternal and perfect ideal existed in an unchanging heaven

What is Freud's view about Human Nature?

Freud believes that human beings are essentially Selfish and aggressive

________ argued that a person's culture is the mirror through which society shows her who and what she is.

Hegel's

What is thomas Hobbs's view about Human Nature?

Hobb's believes that humans acts only out of self interest and act on own desires. That humans crave power.

Psychological Egoism

Human beings are made to only act out of self interest

What is Human Nature?

Human nature is how you see yourself, how you see others, and how you live

What is "enduring self"?

It is the belief that we remain the same person throughout our lives unless an exceptional event happens such as brain damage or Alzheimer's afflicts us

What is Responsibility means in Existentialism?

It means we are fully responsible for what we are knowing this causes anguish.

Who is the philosopher who believed that who you are depends on your relationships to others?

Mercer believed that since humans only act out of self interest then this belief will shape your relationships with others.

What is Mercer's view about Human Nature by "self-regarding end"?

Mercer believes a self regarding end is something that rewards or benefits one's own self, such as getting pleasure, being happy, avoiding pain, gaining power over possessions, having self respect, being loved feeling good about oneself or having other think well of oneself.

In the modern philosophy's view how they look at Human Nature?

Modern philosophy believes that there are 3 key ideas. First plants and animals are sometimes born with features that are different that those of their parents. The second idea is that living creatures produce more offspring than can survive. And the third is natural selection or survival of the fittest.

Mark Mercer Claims about human nature

People act intentionally they always expect a self regarding reward

What is Plato's viewpoint for belief in an immaterial soul, and in which article he attempts to prove the immateriality of the soul?

Plato believes the soul is immaterial and so is immortal and survives our body after death. Plato attempts to prove in dialogue Phaedo.

The philosophical view that human beings act only out of self-interest is called

Psychological egoism means human being act only out of self interest.

The view that processes such as thought and life are really nothing more than physical and chemical processes is called

Reductionism

What Rene Descartes thinks about the mind - body relationship?

Rene Descartes believes that there is just mind and body or dualism connected by essence.

What Sartre means when he refers to as "anguish."?

Sartre means the most angusihing thought of all is that we alone are totally responsible for ourselves

Hobbes Claims about human nature

Self interest and human bodies

Who said that men possess "a powerful measure of desire for aggressiveness"?

Sigmund Freud believed the "men are not gentle, friendly creatures wishing for love, who simply defend themselves if they are attacked, but a powerful measure of desire for aggressiveness."

What Reductionism means in Materialist Hobbes's view?

The materialist Hobbes said the mind could be reduced to the physical actions of a material body, so there is no need to believe that immaterial things exist

Over thousands of years the process of _______________can make a species change into a new species.

advantageous variation

One version of ________ is the identity theory of the mind.

contemporary materialist view

What are three parts of Human Nature upon to Plato's view?

desire, spirit, reason

Descartes' view of human nature says that humans are ___________ minds with _____________ bodies.

immaterial minds and material bodies

Aquinas view on human nature

is to achieve happiness by using their reason to know god.

Augustine view on human nature

is to use god as a tool to help overcome pride, lust and with god's help we can master our desires.

Explain about Existentialism, Who is the chief of this view?

john paul Sartre is the chief for existentialism there is no such thing as human nature because humans are whatever they make themselves

__________is the view that humans are made up of two substances

material body and immaterial mind/dualism

According to Plato, humans can control their appetites and aggressive impulses through the use of their

reason

What is Judeo-Christian's belief on human nature?

we are made in the image of god