PHL-180 Philosophy Quizzes

A reader-response approach to the biblical text is a postmodern strategy that ignores the original meaning and replaces it with the way the words strike a particular contemporary group of readers.

True

According to Ludwig Wittgenstein, the meaning of words is primarily a matter of how they are used rather than a fixed thing to which they point.

True

According to Luis de Molina, middle knowledge is divine awareness of all libertarian choices humans would make in all creatable worlds.

True

According to Schenck, any interpretation of the world involves faith that the world exists and a recognition that our interpretations of our world are exactly that—interpretations from a point of view.

True

As an empiricist, John Locke believed that humans begin with a tabula rosa or blank slate and sensations in the world create simple ideas in our minds.

True

C.S. Lewis argued that it is improper to discount the possibility of miracles on the basis of experience since we do not know if all miracle claims are false.

True

Calvinism teaches that God could have determined every person to freely receive the gospel message, but has chosen not to actualize this plan for some reason.

True

Charles Darwin argued that naturalistic evolution explains apparent design, therefore, a divine designer is unnecessary to make sense of order and complexity in the world.

True

Christian philosopher-theologian Thomas Aquinas relied upon Aristotle when he presented his five proofs for God's existence.

True

David Hume raised the fact-value problem, which says there is nothing in experience that can get us from a fact to a moral value.

True

External arguments are broadly theistic in nature and have been used by Christian, Muslim, and Jewish scholars.

True

Fideism is another name for "blind faith."

True

George Berkeley believed that matter does not really exist and that we are thoughts in the mind of God

True

Gottfried Leibniz thought that this world is the best of all possible worlds and it may turn out that instances of evil are accompanied by a greater good.

True

Hans-Georg Gadamer suggested a hermeneutic that fuses the horizon and assumptions of the reader with the horizon of the text.

True

Hard determinists believe that freedom is defined as "an event without a cause" and since every event has a cause, freedom does not exist.

True

One reason why William Lane Craig accepts the bodily resurrection of Jesus as a time-space historical fact is because most of the disciples were willing to die for their belief in the resurrected Christ.

True

Pantheists believe that the world is the same as God, while panentheists believe that the world is a part of God.

True

Radical orthodoxy assumes all of the essential elements of the Christian faith rather than arguing for the truth of these teachings.

True

Reformed epistemology claims that belief in God is properly basic, and, as such, does not require evidence or proof.

True

Soren Kierkegaard is known as the father of existentialism.

True

The Cosmological Argument essentially argues that something can not come from nothing.

True

When it comes to Providence, Calvinists view God fundamentally as a Cosmic Engineer who "controls" every detail of the universe, while Arminians view God fundamentally as a diligent Parent who is always "in control," but not literally controlling everything that happens.

True

Which early Christian leader was responsible for uttering the following phrase: "What does Athens have to do with Jerusalem, the Academy with the Church?"

Tertullian

As a rationalist, John Locke believed that reason is the key to knowledge acquisition, while Rene Descartes, a leading empiricist, argued that sense experience is the correct path to acquiring knowledge

False

Boethius and Thomas Aquinas were both open theists.

False

Christopher Hitchens claimed the argument for the resurrection of Jesus is the most difficult argument for contemporary atheists to refute.

False

Critical Realism claims the external world does not actually exist and we, as human beings, construct our own reality.

False

Dualism is the belief that God creates the world but chooses to ignore it.

False

Epistemology is the study of values.

False

George Berkeley is famous for doubting nearly everything in sight until he finally came to the conclusion that he could not doubt that he was doubting. This led to his famous dictum, "I think; therefore, I am."

False

Hermeneutics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the justification of truth claims.

False

In his lecture on Pascal, Thomas Morris argued that the Wager makes evidence irrelevant since reason and religion are diametrically opposed to each other.

False

Intelligent Design proponents believe that advancements in nano technology prove that the cell is the result of unguided, naturalistic evolutionary processes.

False

Materialists believe that human beings are a composition of matter and spirit.

False

Socrates, Plato and Xeno are known as the "Trinity" of Greek Philosophy.

False - The correct answer is Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, who were the main three philosophers during the Socratic Era.

If libertarian freedom is true, then even an omnipotent God cannot guarantee a world in which every person always chooses the right thing.

True

Immanuel Kant argued that the content of human knowledge comes from sense experience, but the organization of that content comes from pre-existent cognitive categories.

True

Immanuel Kant was one of the first philosophers to advance the Moral Argument.

True

Naturalism claims that the cosmos exists as a closed system of uniform cause and effect.

True

Naturalistic Evolution asserts that all life on earth can be traced to a common ancestor and developed through undirected material mechanisms.

True

Nihilism is the worldview that rejects the possibility of knowledge and denies the value of anything.

True

A collectivist culture is

a culture in which your identity is largely a function of the groups to which you belong.

Who was the Natural Philosopher who believed that the basic substance of the world is air?

Anaximenes

Which fallacy is lurking in the following sentence? "I just know she's innocent. I can feel it."

Appeal to Emotion

A philosophical claim to knowledge includes the following:

Belief, Truth, and Proper Justification

According to Peter Kreeft's reformulation of the Deity Trilemma, Jesus is properly situated alongside Buddha, Plato, and Muhammad since each of these men claimed to be God in a monotheistic sense and is universally considered to be sagacious.

False

Arguments from personality focus on the external world or the universe and its form.

False

Arminianism teaches that anyone can earn their salvation by doing good works, while Calvinists believe that salvation only comes by grace.

False

Philosopher David Hume believed in miracles because he thought the idea of a supernatural source best explained unusual phenomena that are not easily accounted for by natural laws, such as cause and effect.

False

Plato was an early empiricist, while Aristotle was one of the first rationalists.

False

Plato's Theory of Forms focused on the particulars of this world as ultimate reality.

False

Richard Dawkins believes that Science explains the visible world of facts, but Religion is needed to explain the invisible world of values.

False

TULIP is the acrostic used to summarize traditional Arminian doctrine.

False

The Deity Trilemma, made famous by C.S. Lewis, argues that there are only three logical answers to the question, "Who was Jesus?": He was Lord of the universe, a liar of epic proportions, or a great human moral teacher, but not divine.

False

The argument for the resurrection of Jesus is an example of an external argument.

False

The correspondence theory of truth focuses on whether or not a theory works.

False

Dualists believe that there is no such thing as the spiritual realm and ultimately everything is material.

False - Dualists believe in two types of reality, usually explained in terms of spirit and matter.

Which of the following philosophers is best associated with Nihilism?

Friedrich Nietzsche

Calvinism claims that God causes everything that comes to pass without overriding human freedom. If this is true, then which of the following is necessarily true?

God could determine all people to freely choose to receive salvation through Jesus Christ

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe Thales?

He believed everything ultimately boils down to air.

Which of the following best describes Thomas Kuhn's contribution to science?

He is largely responsible for explaining how science advances by shifting paradigms.

The Calvinist claims that God knows the future because

He unconditionally predestined every detail of it to happen.

Which of the following should not be associated with Friedrich Nietzsche?

Heaven is the reward for those who deny themselves earthly pleasures.

Which is the best philosophical formulation of the Problem of Evil?

If God is all-powerful and perfectly good, then why does evil exist?

Which of the following is an example of a metaphysical question?

Is there a real external world outside of my own thoughts?

Which of the following philosophers was not an existentialist?

Rene Descartes

Which of these philosophers should be associated with the Enlightenment?

Rene Descartes

Select the following philosopher who was a materialist?

Thomas Hobbes

Pantheism claims that:

history is cyclical.

The Free Will Theodicy...

is typically attributed to St. Augustine. AND says God is responsible for the fact of freedom, but humans are responsible for their acts of freedom.

Atheistic Existentialism affirms

that humans are capable of making meaning for themselves, even though there is no objective meaning in life. AND existence precedes essence.

Plato's allegory of the cave focuses on:

our need to be extricated from bondage so we can perceive the real world and help others do the same.

Socrates was famous for the following:

"Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow you die." AND a method of teaching that relies heavily upon asking questions.

Which of the following should be associated with Rene Descartes?

"I think; therefore, I am." AND He was a metaphysical dualist.

William James is best associated with which school of thought?

Pragmatism

Which fallacy uses the same word in two different ways in the same context without appropriate qualification?

Equivocation

Deism claims that humans are fully personal because they are made in the image of a fully personal God who interacts with humanity on a daily basis.

FAlse

Intelligent Design is another name for Theistic Evolution.

FAlse

Which of the following is NOT a classical attribute of God?

Limited Foreknowledge

The view that considers "good to be anything that God says is good" is called

The Divine Command theory.

Which of the following is NOT a major era in the history of Western philosophy?

The Pantheistic Era

The Scientific Revolution began in which of the following eras?

The Renaissance

Which of the following is not one of Kierkegaard's "three stages of life?"

The apologetic stage

In the Argument from Personal Experience, William Lane Craig makes the claim that:

belief in God is properly basic.

Hard determinism and soft determinism have the following in common:

both affirm total determinism.

Hard determinism and libertarian freedom have the following in common:

both claim that human free will and total, complete determinism are incompatible.

Negative theology...

claims that the best way to learn about God is to discuss what God is not like. AND is also known as apophatic theology.

The Hasty Generalization fallacy...

draws an inference when there is not enough information to do so

Which of the following is NOT one of Aristotle's four basic causes?

exceptional

The main branches of Philosophy are:

metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology.

Deism is the worldview that:

proposes a God who set the world in motion, but does not interact with creation.

Philosophical libertarian freedom is defined as

the ability to choose between two or more live options.

The Soul-making theodicy, originally proposed by Irenaeus, focuses on

the redemptive role that suffering and pain play in human character formation.

Scottish Commonsense Realism is an approach:

to reality that avoids theoretical questions and takes a what-you-see-is-what-you-get attitude.