PHYL 141 CH.5

This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion.

sebaceous glands

In the image below, which letter represents a layer in which new cells arise?

E

Which of the following best describes events occurring at number 2?

Epithelial cells are migrating across the wound

How do nutrients reach the epidermis

They diffuse through the extracellular fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the __?__.

hypodermis

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

intraepidermal macrophages (dendritic or Langerhans cells)

Most adipose tissue in the body is considered 'white fat'. Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange? The pigment __?__ is stored there.

carotene

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the stratum __?__.

granulosum

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the __?__.

epidermis

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?

sweat glands

In the diagram of skin shown below, what are the names of the two parts of #3?

papillary and reticular

Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults?

pattern baldness

Which structure in the figure produces a protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes and chemicals?

4

Put the events of keratinization in order: 1. Accumulate keratohyalin granules 2. Cells increase in size, some retain the ability to divide 3. Cell membrane thickens as the cells become imbedded in a lipid matrix 4. Cells are actively proliferating

4, 2, 1, 3

Which numbered structure secretes sebum?

6

In the image below, which letter represents a layer only seen in thick skin?

B

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is called __?__.

jaundice

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a(n) __?__ scar.

keloid

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce __?__.

melanin

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing UV light?

melanin

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase, what production pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin?

melanin

Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury?

laceration

Which of the following structures found in the skin helps prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin?

lamellar granules

Anorexia may cause adults to develop fine, unpigmented hairs that help with warmth and insulation. Which type of hair does this describe?

lanugo

Where does apoptosis occur?

3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of thick skin?

contains fewer corpuscles of touch than thin skin

Which numbered structure is contains melanin?

1

Which of the following areas provides protection from external assaults while the wound heals?

1

Which of the following statements describe keratin: 1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein. 2. Keratin is used to pigment skin. 3. Keratin helps protect the skin. 4. Keratin participates in immune responses. 5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light damage.

1 and 3

In the diagram of skin shown below, which structures are composed of smooth muscle tissue?

10

Which numbered structure houses Meissner's corpuscles free nerve endings and capillary loops?

2

Which statements describing vitamin D are true. 1. The skin produces Vitamin D when exposed to UV light. 2. When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys. 3. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light. 4. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines. 5. Vitamin D inhibits the function of phagocytes in immunity.

2, 3, 4

Which of the numbered cells would be responsible for creating the framework of fibers on which the new tissue is laid?

3

Which area stores approximately half of the body's lipid, secures the skin to underlying structures and consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue?

4

Which structure would recognize pulling of the skin during stiches even after a doctor anesthetizes the area?

5

In the diagram of skin shown below, which structures are composed of nervous tissue?

5,7, and 9

In the diagram of skin shown below, which structures are composed of stratified cuboidal tissue?

6 and 8

Which structure in the figure detects touch sensations?

7

Which numbered structure is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?

8

Which structure in the figure produces a pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV radiation?

8

Which statement is true?

Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles.

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the stratum __?__.

basale

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to to other cells by desmosomes. Stratum __?__.

basale

Which statement best describes why the diagram represents thick skin? Choose the best answer. Thick skin __?__.

contains five strata

"Goose bumps" are caused by __?__.

contraction of arrector pili muscles

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes. What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints?

corn

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis.

corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

The skin is known as the _____?____membrane.

cutaneous

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the __?__.

dermis

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation?

eccrine sweat gland

A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting?

eczema

This secretion is a mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.

sebum

In the diagram of skin shown below, which structure(s) clearly indicate this is thin skin?

the hair

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c?

the reticular layer of the dermis

In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect the ability to __?__.

thermoregulate

An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts. While the reaction is not severe, the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin. These patches are __?__

urticaria