phylum mollusca
terrestrial
(adj.) relating to the land (class gastropoda)
what are the characteristics of a respiratory organ
-Axix has afferent vessel= brings blood to gills -effernt vessel taking blood back to heart -cilia produce water flow opposite to blood flow
Monoplacophora
Neopilina class
beak
part of the shell. the basal projection of the oldest part of the valve of the adult animal. (bivalvia)
funnel
Where ink is expelled through. modified foot.
hemocoel
blood cavity
Class Bivalvia what type of animals are included
boring clam, scallops, oysters, shipworms
protandry
born a male, change to a female.
cowries
brightly colored, glossy shells, formerly used as currency in parts of Africa and Asia.
chiton
class Amphineura, having a mantle covered with calcareous plates, found adhering to rocks.
squid
class cephalopods. diocious.
snail
class gastropoda
in which class is torsion common
class polyplacophora
Class Scaphopoda describe their shell
cylindrical, open both ends
class bivalvia how is a pearl produced
formed by mantle as response to irritant
veliger larva
free swimming larval stage that develops from the trocophore larva of some mollsucs.
aestivation (estivation)
dormancy of an animal during a hot or dry period.
acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, or eucoelomate
eucoelomate
cephalopoda
ex: squid, octopus, cuttlefish, and nautilus
uric acid
from water were transformed in land snails into lungs, which extract oxygen from air.
ventral
front
which class includes terrestrial species
gastropoda
which is the largest class
gastropoda
class cephalopods: what type of animal are included
giant squid, octopus, oysters, scallops, boring clam
Class Scaphopoda where do these animals live
live buried in sand, posterior and out of water
Gastropoda
member of a group of mollusks that includes snails and slugs. largest class. freshwater and terrestrial and marine.
Class Monoplacophora: where do these animals live
the Costa Rica
Class Scaphopoda what special structure do these animals have for feeding
thread-like tentacles around head with apprehensive tips
class gastropoda: describe their shell
-conical spire -univalve
what is the function of a cephalopods ink
-smoke screen for escape -conduse predators -anaestheic= deadens chemoreceptors of predators
class gastropoda what is the disadvantage of torsion? what solution evolved as a result
1. fouling 2. can spiral clockwise or counterclockwise
what type of larvae are common to mollusks and annelids
1. morula 2. trochophore 3. veliger
Class Monoplacophora: what is the distinguishing characteristics of these animals
10 pair pedal nerves 6 pair nephridia 5 pair gills 2 pair auricles 1 or 2 pair of gonads
excurrent siphon
A tube through which water exits the body of a bivalve.
Class Scaphopoda what type of animals are included
200 species, burrowing, Tusk or tooth shell
ammonia
A colorless gas with a very sharp odor.
operculum
A protective flap that covers the gills of fishes.
Herbivore
An organism that eats only plants
murex
a sea snail used to make purple dye
Polyplacophora
Chitons.
trochophore larva
Distinctive larval stage observed in annelids and molluscs.
class polyplacophora where do these animals live
Marine
class bivalvia where do these animals live
Marine and freshwater?
cone shells
Marine gastropoda molluscs. poisonous.
pericardium
Membrane surrounding the heart.
Neopilina
Monoplacophora
nacreous layer
Mother of pearl, the inner shiny layer of a bivalve.
auricle
One of the two chambers of the heart which receives the blood from the veins.
Radula (Phylum Mollusca)
Rasp like feeding organ; scrapes and scoops food items.
Bivalvia
The class of the phylum Mollusca that includes clams, oysters, and mussels. Marine and freshwater.
abalone
a gastropod mollusk that clings to rocks tenaciously with a broad muscular foot.
photopore
a light-producing organ in certain fish.
ctenidia
comblike structure, especially a respiratory organ or gill in a mollusk.
incurrent siphon
a tube through which water enters the body of a bivalve.
Nephridium (pl. nephridia)
a tubule open to the exterior that acts as an organ of excretion.
class bivalvia describe their shell
a two-piece show bivalve
class cephalopods: where do these animals live
all marine- indo Pacific
carnivore
an animal that feeds off flesh.
which class of mollusks are filter feeders
bivalves
to what phylum are mollusks most closely related
annelids
chromatophores
another meaning of protection is provided by special pigments in the skin called chromatophores
Cardinal teeth
are part of the anatomical structure of the inner surface of a bivalve shell. function:
byssus threads
are strong, silky fibers that are made from proteins that are used by mussels and other bivalves to attach to rocks, pilings or other substrates. (produced at the foot)
what type of symmetry
bilateral
class polyplacophora: describe their shell
bivalve
clam
bivalve(2 shelled) and bivalvia.
Glochidia larvae
bivalve. freshwater and Marine.
which class includes mollusks that do not have radula
bivalves
class polyplacophora how do these animals find their way back to their home Rock if washed away by the surf
broad Flat foot ,muscular , adapted for adhesion to rock in Surf swept areas
Class Scaphopoda what are the shows of these animals used for
burring
toothshell (tusk shell)
burrowing mollusk with a slender tusk-shaped shell, which is open at both ends and typically white, and a three-lobed foot.
class bivalvia what special structures do some bivalves have that keep them from being washed away from the surf
byssus allows attachment to rocks in strong surf
class cephalopods: what are the feeding habits of cephalopods
carnivores, predatory Proteinases= enzymes for digestion
which case includes mollusks with a closed circulatory system
cephalopoda
nautilus
completely divided shell. slow swimmers. lives in indo-pacific Old Chambers filled with gas.
which gastropoda are dangerous to humans
cone shells
visceral peritoneum
covers the organs
why do animals need oxygen
for blood production
Oyster Drills
destroy oyster beds.
what type of reproduction do mollusks have
dioecious
filter feeders
feed from particles in the water. gather food through gills.
class bivalvia what are the feeding habits
filter feeder
class cephalopods: what are the economic uses
food source for fish and whales Squid used as bait Cuttlefish supplies cuttlebone-toothpaste and bird bill sharpener
class gastropoda what are the economic uses of gastropods
food= abalone, snail, conch currency= cowry shells dyes and ink= murex
labial palps
help sort and direct food into mouth.
respiratory pigments
hemocyanin/ hemoglobin
class polyplacophora what do these animals eat
herbivores feed off algae scraped with Radia
class gastropoda: what are the feeding habits of most gastropoda
herbivores, carnivores, predators, scavengers, parasites, suspension feeders
how are cephalopods more advanced then other mollusks
highly developed nervous system - brain, eyes, statocyst
gills
how respiration is usually performed. also food particles are trapped in the gills.
Visceral Mass (Mollusca)
in body (gut)
mantle
in class gastropoda land in some freshwater snails have no gills instead they have a lung which is really a vascularized mantle.
open circulatory system
in most molluscs their circulatory system is open.
pedal mucus glands
is an anatomical feature found in some snails and slugs. It is a gland located inside the front end of the foot of gastropods.
Nudibranch
lack shell.
octopus
lack shells. bottom dwellers. nautilus.
giant squid
largest invertebrate and largest mollusk.
giant Pacific clam
largest living bivalve mollusk.
venticle
lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart.
where does fertilization occur in most mollusks
mantle cavity
mussel
marine or freshwater bivalve mollusk that lives attached to rocks etc.
class gastropoda: where do these animals live
marine, freshwater , terrestrial: inside trees, parasites, deserts
hectocotyl (hectocotylus)
modified arm on male for sperm transfer. has grooves to store spermatophores.
oysters
mollusca.
which classes are all Marine
monoplacophora - polyplacophora-
foot
muscle used for locomotion
class cephalopods: which one has an external shell with internal chambers
nautilus
which cephalopods does not have sepia (ink)
nautilus
cuttlebone
nautilus.
Class Monoplacophora: what type of animals are included
neopilina
class cephalopods: which one doesn't have a shell
octopus
sepia
of grayish or olive brown color ink
benthic
of or relating to or happening on the bottom under a body of water.
umbo
oldest part of the shell
what type of circulatory system do most mollusks have
open circulatory system
what level of organization
organ system
what organ secretes the shell of a mollusk
outer secretory
class polyplacophora how do these animals protect themselves
overlapping shapes that can roll up in a ball when disturbed
class bivalvia what are the economic uses of bivalves
pearls
parietal peritoneum
the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
what type of body plan
thin layer of tissue called the mantle.
how do cephalopods swim
rapidly expelling water from mantle cavity
hemocyanin
respiratory pigment (hemoglobin).
with regards to the number of species where does the phylum molluscs rank
second largest phylum
statocysts
sensory cells that help determine direction of gravity.
metamerism
similar structure but different functions.
univalve
single shell
Scaphopoda
small class of bilaterally symmetrical marine forms comprising the tooth shells.
class gastropoda: what type of animals are included
snail, sea butterflies, giant land snail, cone shells
class polyplacophora: what type of animals are included
solenogasters
scallop
something like a clam, with a rounded fan shaped shell
cuttlefish
species in Cephalopoda with a calcified, horn shaped shell.
list two gastropoda that don't have a shell
squid
class cephalopods: which one has an internal shell made of cartilage
squid (aka pen= Internal shell layer)
malacology
study of mollusks
conchology
study of shells
what is the largest mollusk
the giant clam
ganglia
the nervous system contains three gangula.
Periostracum
the outermost layer of a molluscan shell.
mantle cavity
the space between right and left lobes of the mantle is the mantle cavity. in class gastropoda the animal is able to draw its head into the mantle cavity. in class cephalopods, female fertilization in there mantle cavity.
pen
the squids internal shell.
torsion
the twisting process where the mouth and anus are brought near eachother so waste exits the body.
class gastropoda what is the advantage of torsion
to get rid of waste
class cephalopods what is the function of chromatophores
to give coloration
captacula
to help with feeding tooth shows have Radia and thread-like tentacles called captacula.
dorsal
toward the back
siphon
tubelike structure through which water enters and leaves a mollusk's body.
what is unusual about the reproduction habits of female octopuses
usually occurs in mantle cavity
triploblast or diploblastic
triploblastic
adductor muscles
two muscles that draw the she'll valves together (anterior & posterior).
bivalve
two shell. ex: clam
shipworm
type of mollusk-like barnacle. bivalve
class gastropoda: what other names do these animals go by
univalves
closed circulatory system
unlike other molluscs, cephalopods have a closed circulatory system.
cerata
used for respiration in nudibranchs.
ospradia
used to locate food.
fouling
waste is washed back over the gills.
urea
waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine.
lateral teeth
when the shell opens and closes it pivots upon the Cardinal and lateral teeth.
blood sinus
where blood enters the body space.