Physical Science Chapter 22
According to the fossil record, what major event marked the end of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras? a.) Over 50% of the organisms went extinct b.) The Earth was much hotter than it is today c.) There was a major increase in the number of species of organisms d.) The dinosaurs went extinct
a
In what division of geologic time are we living today? a.) Cenozoic era b.) Precambrian era c.) Mesozoic era d.) Paleozoic era
a
Upon what are the eras of Earth's geologic time scale based? a.) appearance and disappearance of certain fossils b.) half-life of radioactive elements c.) equal periods of time since the beginning
a
Which of the following is NOT a way in which fossils are formed? a.) Organisms on the surface can be dissolved b.) Buried organisms are prevented from decaying c.) Buried organisms can have their materials replaced with minerals d.) Soft sediments can form rock and the footprints of animals can be preserved
a
Which principle of interpreting Earth's history from the rocks tells you that any tilted layer of rocks has been subjected to forces that have deformed the surface? a.) principle of original horizontality b.) principle of cross-cutting relationships c.) principle of faunal succession d.) principle of superposition
a
Which principle of interpreting Earth's history from the rocks tells you that for undeformed rocks, newer rocks will be layered on top of older rocks? a.) principle of superposition b.) principle of original horizontality c.) principle of cross-cutting relationships d.) principle of faunal succession
a
Which principle of interpreting Earth's history from the rocks tells you that fossil organisms should occur only in rocks that are the same age? a.) principle of faunal succession b.) principle of superposition c.) principle of original horizontality d.) principle of cross-cutting relationships
a
Bishop James Ussher used biblical accounts to determine that Earth was created in the year: a.) 6002B.C. b.) 4004B.C. c.) 1604B.C. d.) 2006B.C.
b
During what divisions of geologic time have living things existed on the earth? a.) Only since the beginning of the Cenozoic era b.) Always, ever since the beginning of the Precambrian time c.) Only since the beginning of the Mesozoic era d.) Only since the beginning of the Paleozoic era
b
Fossils can provide information about all of the following EXCEPT: a.) the size of many kinds of extinct organisms b.) the age of the Earth c.) evidence for how life changed over time d.) evidence of extinction
b
If you could travel back in time to the time of the dinosaurs, in which unit of geologic time would you be? a.) Cenozoic era b.) Mesozoic era c.) Paleozoic era d.) Carboniferous Period
b
In rocks of what era or eras would you NOT expect to find fossils of ferns, clams, or insects? a.) Mesozoic era b.) Precambrian time c.) Paleozoic era d.) they would be present in each of these eras
b
Precambrian rocks include sedimentary, igenous, and metamorphic varieties. What does this suggest about the geologic activity in Precambrian time? a.) Precambrian geologic activity was more dynamic than it is today b.) Precambrian geologic activity must have been similar to what it is today c.) Precambrian geologic activity was more diverse than it is today d.) Precambrian geologic activity was more limited than it is today
b
What is the oldest division of geologic time? a.) Mesozoic era b.) Precambrian era c.) Cenozoic era d.) Paleozoic era
b
What is the sequence of events represented by an angular unconformity? a.) erosion, sediment into rock, tilting, sediment into rock b.) sediment made into rock, tilting, erosion, sediment into rock c.) sediments made into rock, erosion, tilting, sediment into rock d.) tilting, sediment into rock, erosion, sediment into rock
b
What major event marked the end of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras according to the rossil record? a.) fish flourished b.) mass extinctions c.) plant life flourished d.) birds flourished
b
Which principle of interpreting Earth's history from the rocks tells you that for undeformed rocks, any geologic feature intruded into a rock mass must be younger than the rock mass? a.) principle of faunal succession b.) principle of cross-cutting relationships c.) principle of original horizontality d.) principle of superposition
b
In rocks of what era or eras would you expect to find fossils of horses and apes? a.) Mesozoic era b.) Paleozoic era c.) Cenozoic era d.) they would be present in each of these eras
c
What is an unconformity? a.) a discontinuity in sedimentary layers caused by uplifting on one side of a fault b.) the folding of sedimentary layers c.) an eroded surface buried under rocks that were subsequently deposited d.) the intrusion of igneous rock into sedimentary rocks
c
What is the geologic time scale? a.) the same thing as a Julian calendar b.) a way to describe how fossils age c.) a means of keeping track of events that have occured in Earth's geologic history d.) a means of describing how rocks age
c
The principle of uniformity is based on what assumption(s)? a.) Geologic processes that change rocks today are the same processes that changed them in the past b.) Earth's history can be interpreted by tracing it backward from the present to the past c.) Slow, uniformed geologic change takes place over very long periods d.) all of the above
d
What are the chief kinds of organisms that have left traces in Precambrian sedimentary rocks? a.) Worms and sponges b.) Marine invertebrates and sponges c.) Algae and marine invertebrates d.) Bacteria and algae
d
Which of the following, if any, is not a type of fossil? a.) impressions of plant and animal structures that have themselves disappeared, such as footprints, wormholes, or impressions in mud made by bodies that have themselves decayed b.) Unaltered plant and animal remains such as hard plant and animal tissues, and altered remains in which porous cells are filled with mineral deposits c.) Plant and animal remains preserved by dehydration, or in amber, tar, or ice d.) each of the above is a type of fossil
d
Which one of the following principles can be used to compare the age of rocks in widely different regions of the world? a.) principle of superposition b.) principle of horizontality c.) principle of uniformity d.) principle of faunal succession
d
Which one of the following represents the longest time span? a.) Cenozoic era b.) Paleozoic era c.) Mesozoic era d.) Precambrian time
d
Why are fossils never found in igneous rocks and only rarely in metamorphic rocks? Choose all that apply. a.) The crystalline structure of the minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks are too rigid for fossils to leave impressions b.) Fossils are found on the Earth's crust, whereas igenous and metamorphic rocks are only found deeper within the crust and mantle c.) Fossils could not survive the high temperatures of molten igenous rocks d.) Fossils would be distorted by the heat and pressure under which metamorhpic rocks form e.) both c and d
e
