Physical Science: Chapter 28.1 & 28.2
Convection
Air cools down so begins to sink, but eventually rising air starts to push the cooler air back up. This creates _________________________ inside the cloud.
Where they originated
Air masses characteristics come from ____ ____ _____.
50% Sunlight
Amount of light Earth reflects back to Earth's atmosphere
50% Sunlight
Amount of sun's light absorbed by Earth's surface
Hot and wet
An air mass that began over Florida would be ___ ___ ___.
Latent Heat
As rain drops are formed _____ ______ released pushes the drops higher into the cloud.
Cold Front
Cold air and warm air meet coming from opposite directions & cold air pushes the warm air up very quickly; creates cumulonimbus clouds & severe storms
Downburst
Cold air sinks very quickly and creates very gusty winds
Downdraft
Cool air from a cloud reaching Earth's surface and spreading out on the ground
Cools
Drops combine with other small drops to make bigger drops. This ______ the air around it.
Latent Heat
Energy released as heat released when water changes state from a gas to a liquid or a liquid to a solid
Freezing
Hail occurs when air temperature is near ______ & ice freezes into droplets and air currents spin these droplets in a cloud
Air Mass
Large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout
Stratosphere
Layer above troposphere containing the ozone layer (good at absorbing heat)
Troposphere
Layer extending about 12km above Earth's surface; weather occurs here
Atmosphere
Layer of air surround the Earth
Stratus Cloud
Layered sheet like clouds forming below 2,00m; often associated with rain
Heats; cools down; thunder
Lightning __________________ up the air causing it to move out. This air quickly ___________________, comes back together with a large force creating ___________________________.
Greenhouse Effect
Natural process in which certain gasses in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation
Occluded Front
A cold air mass passes a slower moving warm air mass; forces warm air up quickly creating cumulonimbus clouds & strong winds
Jet Stream
A narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air that storms follow along; often occur where two air masses meet
Thermosphere
Above mesosphere
Mesosphere
Above stratosphere
Exosphere
Above thermosphere
Ozone & Greenhouse Gas
Absorb heat bounced off of the Earth
Water Vapor & Clouds
Places on Earth's surface that are warmer & have some water have air and _____________ rising forming ________ when it gets higher into the atmosphere where it is cooler
On Earth's surface
Places with _______________ are cooler than those without
Cumulus Cloud
Puffy shaped clouds that form below 2,00m; indicate good weather
Above
Rain occurs when air temperatures _______ freezing (32 degree Fahrenheit)
Below
Snow occurs when air temperature is ______ freezing
High Specific Heat
Takes along time for something to change temperature
78, 21 & 1
The Gas Composition in the Atmosphere is __% Nitrogen, __% Oxygen, _% Mixture
Volcanic Gases
The atmosphere was created by _________ ______.
Updraft; spiral; pressure; quickly
Tornado Formation: ___________________ begins to occur, updraft is forced into a ________________ causing a major ____________________ change. The cloud above gets sucked down due to pressure change. If cloud makes it to ground the updraft is moving so ____________________ objects get sucked up into it.
1000
Total Height of Atmosphere is _____ km.
Conduction
Transfer of heat due to contact; transfers heat form warm air to cold air on Earth
Differential Heating
Uneven heating of Earth's surface due to water's high specific heat
Cumulonimbus Cloud
Very large cumulus cloud, often known as a thunderhead
Warm Front
Warm & cold air meet while going in same direction causing warm air to move up slowly as it passes cold air; forms stratus cloud
Heat
Water can absorb large amounts of _____ before getting hot.
Differential Heating, Air Pressure & Earth's Pressure
What are some influences affecting global wind belts?
Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide, Methan & Nitrous Oxide
What are the four gases that absorb infrared light?
Rain, Snow & Hail
What are the three types of precipitation?
Air Pressure
What force of air pushing down, thats divided by the surface area?
Coriolis Effect
What is the effect of Earth's rotation on the motion of any object?
Cold Air
Whats the type of air that has more push down on us?
Weather Front
Where do air masses interact? (where they touch)
Stationary Front
Where warm and cold air meet in opposite directions but neither pushes one out of the way; can create clouds & long period of rain or can be nice and sunny; stays in one place until different air mass pushes from another direction
Cirrus Cloud
Wispy clouds made of ice crystals that form above 6,000m
Too cold for life
Without the greenhouse effect Earth would be ___________________.
Convection; neutral; lightning
___________________ in a cloud creates separation of positive and negative charges. When differently charged particles interact to make each other ____________________, _____________________ is formed.