Physical Science Review-- Chapter 23
both nitrogen and phosphorus are able to attract three more electrons to their outer shells because
-there are three more spaces available their outermost shells -these electrons are able to pair with unpaired valence electrons
how many covalent bonds can helium form?
0
how many covalent bonds can oxygen form
2
how many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond
2
How many atomic shells are completely filled for the chlorine ion, Cl^-1 (Cl, atomic number 17)?
3
how many atomic shells are completely filled for the sulfur ion, S
3
how many covalent bonds can nitrogen form
3
how many electrons are shared in a triple covalent bond
6
How many spaces are available for electrons in the 3rd valence shell?
8
If Al ions have 3+ charge and S ions have a 2- charge, the compound aluminum sulfide is...
Al2S3
based on their position on the periodic table, which of these covalent bonds is most polar
C-F
The chemical formula for cobalt (III) oxide is..
Co2O3
what is the correct chemical formula for he ionic bond cobalt (III) oxide
Co2O3
which is the correct ionic compound name for Cu3As2
Copper (II) Arsenide
based upon their position on the periodic table, which of these covalent bonds is most polar?
F-As
If Ga ions have a 3+ charge and if S ions have a 2- charge, the compound gallium sulfide is..
Ga2S3
Find the correct formula for potassium sulfide.
K2S
Which of the following statements is true?
Metallic elements tend to form (+) ions, while nonmetallic elements tend form (-) ions
If Mg ions have a 2+ charge and O ions have a 2- charge, the compound magnesium oxide is...
MgO
which of the following is the chemical formula for dinitrogen tetrafluorine
N2F4
what is the correct chemical formula for the covalent bond dinitrogen triiodide
N2I3
Which of the following is the chemical formula for nitrogen monoxide
NO
If Pb has +4 charge and (OH) has a negative charge, the compound lead(IV) hydroxide is...
Pb(OH)4
based upon the electronegativities of elements, which of the following bonds should be most polar
Si-Cl
the transfer of an electron from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom is an example of...
a chemical change
a molecule is
a group of atoms covalently bonded together
which type of atoms tend to form ionic bonds
a metal and nonmetal
all ionic compounds...
are completely different from the elements that form them
why is the lithium ion, Li 1+, smaller than the neutral lithium atom
because it has one less shell than the lithium atom
two ions are attracted to one another..
by an electric force created by their opposite charges
how can you determine how polar a bond is
by the difference in the electronegativities of the elements
What type of chemical bond would you expect between a silicon atom (Si, atomic number 14) and an oxygen atom (O, atomic number 18)
covalent
what type of bond would you expect to form between carbon and oxygen
covalent
what type of bond would you expect to form between nitrogen and oxygen
covalent
10
deca
2
di
Atoms of a covalent bond are held together by the
electrical attraction two nuclei have for shared electrons
which elements tend to form ionic compounds?
elements found on opposite sides of the periodic table
7
hepta
6
hexa
What type of bond would you expect to form between Magnesium and Oxygen
ionic
What type of bond would you expect to form between calcium and fluorine
ionic
what type of bond would you expect to from between lithium and sulfur
ionic
what type of chemical bond would you expect between a calcium atom (Ca, atomic number 20) and a chlorine atom (Cl, atomic number 17)
ionic
covalent and ionic bonds differ in that
ionic bonds don't involve the sharing of electrons
the individual particles of an ionic crystal are...
ions
what is the correct name for the ionic bond Fe3N2
iron (II) nitride
the potassium ion, K1+, is smaller than the neutral potassium atom (K, atomic number 19) because...
it has one less shell containing electrons
what type of elements tend to form positive ions
metallic
1
mono
9
nona
what type of elements tend to form negative ions
nonmetallic
which elements tend to form covalent bonds
nonmetallic elements
the reason lithium tends to lose electrons and nitrogen tends to gain electrons is that...
nonmetals have a strong attraction for electrons and metals have a weak attraction for electrons
if all bonds in a molecule are nonpolar the molecule is
nonpolar
what type of chemical bond would you expect between two carbon atoms
nonpolar covalent
what type of chemical bond would you expect between two chlorine atoms (Cl, atomic number 17)
nonpolar covalent
what type of chemical bond would you expect between two neon atoms (Ne, atomic number 10)
not metallic, covalent, or ionic
Why do non polar substances tend to boil at relatively low temperatures?
not much heat is required to separate non polar molecules from one another
8
octa
the outer shells of two atoms that are covalently bonded
overlap
5
penta
name for Pl3
phosphorus triiodide
the boiling temperature of water is so much higher than that of N2 because water molecules are
polar
what type of chemical bond would you expect between a silicon atom, (Si, atomic number 14) and an oxygen atom (O, atomic number 18)
polar covalent
do polar molecules or nonpolar molecules have a higher boiling point? why?
polar molecules have a higher boiling point because it takes more heat energy to separate "sticky" molecules
what is the correct name for the covalent bond SCl4
sulfur tetrachloride
the atoms of a polar covalent bond..
tend to be different elements
4
tetra
The roman numerals in parenthesis in a compound name indicates...
the amount of positive charge of the cation
the alkai metals (group 1) tend to form 1+ ions while the alkai-earth metals (group 2) tend to form 2+ ions because...
the charges of these ions corresponds to the number of valence electrons may be lost
the greater the different in electronegativity between two covalently bonded atoms
the greater the polarity
an individual carbon-oxygen bond is polar. Yet carbon dioxide, CO2, which has two carbon-oxygen bonds, is non polar because...
the two carbon-oxygen bonds in CO2 are oriented 180 degrees from each other
Chemical bonds are formed by..
the unpaired electrons in an atom's valence shell
3
tri
nonpolar covalent bonds?
two atoms of the same nonmetallic elements
polar covalent bonds
two different nonmetallic atoms
In a molecular dipole, electrons are distributed..
unevenly because the nuclear charge at one end of the molecule is stronger thus pulling electrons toward that side