Physical Science Review-- Chapter 23

both nitrogen and phosphorus are able to attract three more electrons to their outer shells because

-there are three more spaces available their outermost shells -these electrons are able to pair with unpaired valence electrons

how many covalent bonds can helium form?

0

how many covalent bonds can oxygen form

2

how many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond

2

How many atomic shells are completely filled for the chlorine ion, Cl^-1 (Cl, atomic number 17)?

3

how many atomic shells are completely filled for the sulfur ion, S

3

how many covalent bonds can nitrogen form

3

how many electrons are shared in a triple covalent bond

6

How many spaces are available for electrons in the 3rd valence shell?

8

If Al ions have 3+ charge and S ions have a 2- charge, the compound aluminum sulfide is...

Al2S3

based on their position on the periodic table, which of these covalent bonds is most polar

C-F

The chemical formula for cobalt (III) oxide is..

Co2O3

what is the correct chemical formula for he ionic bond cobalt (III) oxide

Co2O3

which is the correct ionic compound name for Cu3As2

Copper (II) Arsenide

based upon their position on the periodic table, which of these covalent bonds is most polar?

F-As

If Ga ions have a 3+ charge and if S ions have a 2- charge, the compound gallium sulfide is..

Ga2S3

Find the correct formula for potassium sulfide.

K2S

Which of the following statements is true?

Metallic elements tend to form (+) ions, while nonmetallic elements tend form (-) ions

If Mg ions have a 2+ charge and O ions have a 2- charge, the compound magnesium oxide is...

MgO

which of the following is the chemical formula for dinitrogen tetrafluorine

N2F4

what is the correct chemical formula for the covalent bond dinitrogen triiodide

N2I3

Which of the following is the chemical formula for nitrogen monoxide

NO

If Pb has +4 charge and (OH) has a negative charge, the compound lead(IV) hydroxide is...

Pb(OH)4

based upon the electronegativities of elements, which of the following bonds should be most polar

Si-Cl

the transfer of an electron from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom is an example of...

a chemical change

a molecule is

a group of atoms covalently bonded together

which type of atoms tend to form ionic bonds

a metal and nonmetal

all ionic compounds...

are completely different from the elements that form them

why is the lithium ion, Li 1+, smaller than the neutral lithium atom

because it has one less shell than the lithium atom

two ions are attracted to one another..

by an electric force created by their opposite charges

how can you determine how polar a bond is

by the difference in the electronegativities of the elements

What type of chemical bond would you expect between a silicon atom (Si, atomic number 14) and an oxygen atom (O, atomic number 18)

covalent

what type of bond would you expect to form between carbon and oxygen

covalent

what type of bond would you expect to form between nitrogen and oxygen

covalent

10

deca

2

di

Atoms of a covalent bond are held together by the

electrical attraction two nuclei have for shared electrons

which elements tend to form ionic compounds?

elements found on opposite sides of the periodic table

7

hepta

6

hexa

What type of bond would you expect to form between Magnesium and Oxygen

ionic

What type of bond would you expect to form between calcium and fluorine

ionic

what type of bond would you expect to from between lithium and sulfur

ionic

what type of chemical bond would you expect between a calcium atom (Ca, atomic number 20) and a chlorine atom (Cl, atomic number 17)

ionic

covalent and ionic bonds differ in that

ionic bonds don't involve the sharing of electrons

the individual particles of an ionic crystal are...

ions

what is the correct name for the ionic bond Fe3N2

iron (II) nitride

the potassium ion, K1+, is smaller than the neutral potassium atom (K, atomic number 19) because...

it has one less shell containing electrons

what type of elements tend to form positive ions

metallic

1

mono

9

nona

what type of elements tend to form negative ions

nonmetallic

which elements tend to form covalent bonds

nonmetallic elements

the reason lithium tends to lose electrons and nitrogen tends to gain electrons is that...

nonmetals have a strong attraction for electrons and metals have a weak attraction for electrons

if all bonds in a molecule are nonpolar the molecule is

nonpolar

what type of chemical bond would you expect between two carbon atoms

nonpolar covalent

what type of chemical bond would you expect between two chlorine atoms (Cl, atomic number 17)

nonpolar covalent

what type of chemical bond would you expect between two neon atoms (Ne, atomic number 10)

not metallic, covalent, or ionic

Why do non polar substances tend to boil at relatively low temperatures?

not much heat is required to separate non polar molecules from one another

8

octa

the outer shells of two atoms that are covalently bonded

overlap

5

penta

name for Pl3

phosphorus triiodide

the boiling temperature of water is so much higher than that of N2 because water molecules are

polar

what type of chemical bond would you expect between a silicon atom, (Si, atomic number 14) and an oxygen atom (O, atomic number 18)

polar covalent

do polar molecules or nonpolar molecules have a higher boiling point? why?

polar molecules have a higher boiling point because it takes more heat energy to separate "sticky" molecules

what is the correct name for the covalent bond SCl4

sulfur tetrachloride

the atoms of a polar covalent bond..

tend to be different elements

4

tetra

The roman numerals in parenthesis in a compound name indicates...

the amount of positive charge of the cation

the alkai metals (group 1) tend to form 1+ ions while the alkai-earth metals (group 2) tend to form 2+ ions because...

the charges of these ions corresponds to the number of valence electrons may be lost

the greater the different in electronegativity between two covalently bonded atoms

the greater the polarity

an individual carbon-oxygen bond is polar. Yet carbon dioxide, CO2, which has two carbon-oxygen bonds, is non polar because...

the two carbon-oxygen bonds in CO2 are oriented 180 degrees from each other

Chemical bonds are formed by..

the unpaired electrons in an atom's valence shell

3

tri

nonpolar covalent bonds?

two atoms of the same nonmetallic elements

polar covalent bonds

two different nonmetallic atoms

In a molecular dipole, electrons are distributed..

unevenly because the nuclear charge at one end of the molecule is stronger thus pulling electrons toward that side