Physical Science Unit 2- Speedback Quiz's

When the water begins to boil he adds some salt. Water molecules have less mass than the sodium atoms in the salt. At any given temperature, how does the behavior of the two compare? Select one: a. The average speed and average kinetic energy of the water molecules and sodium atoms is the same. b. The average speed of the water molecules is higher, but the average kinetic energy is the same. c. The average speed of the water molecules is higher, but the average kinetic energy is the same. d. The average speed of the two is the same, but the average kinetic energy of the water molecules is higher. e. The average speed of the two is the same, but the average kinetic energy of the water molecules is higher.

b. The average speed of the water molecules is higher, but the average kinetic energy is the same.

Which of the following best represents the resulting image on the Select one: a. a single narrow band about as narrow as a single slit. b. a single fuzzy band that is wider than the combined width of the slits. c. a single dot. d. two narrow bands about the width of each slit. e. a series of bright and dark bands.

e. a series of bright and dark bands.

When sunlight passes through a large opening, such as a door or window, it makes a bright spot about the size of the opening. When light passes through a very small opening, such as a pin hole, it spreads out over an area much larger than the size of the opening. This occurs because light Select one: a. has colors. b. has electrical charge. c. carries energy. d. has particle properties. e. has wave properties.

e. has wave properties.

The distance labeled A on the picture is called Select one: a. the amplitude b. the frequency c. the period d. the speed e. the wavelength

e. the wavelength

Selenium (atomic number 34) has 3 valence electrons. Select one: a. true b. false

false

Look at Questions 3-6 in chapter 14

...

Which of the following graphs best represents the relationship between melting point and boiling point? ???

a graph that starts in the bottom left corner and in a straight line up to the right corner.

A rainbow is an example of a ____________ spectrum. Select one: a. continuous b. discrete

a. continuous

Which of the following is a correctly drawn energy well (orbital energy diagram) for Mg? ?

c

Which of the following is an example of refraction? Select one: a. An echo that bounces off a nearby wall b. Two waves in a lake coming together to form a larger wave. c. Sound from a T.V. in a nearby room that passes through an open door d. Eyeglasses correcting a person's vision

d. Eyeglasses correcting a person's vision

If we place a detector at the slits which measures which slit each photon travels through, what will happen? Which of the following best represents the image seen on the screen? Select one: -a single narrow band about as narrow as a single slit. -a single fuzzy band that is wider than the combined width of the slits. -a single dot. -two narrow bands that are a little wider than the width of each slit. -a series of bright and dark bands.

-two narrow bands that are a little wider than the width of each slit.

Lithium fluoride does not conduct electricity as a solid, but will conduct if melted or dissolved in water. It is Select one: a. An ionic material b. A non-ionic material c. A plastic material d. A material with a continuous spectrum e. A plasma

a. An ionic material

What can you determine about the speed of the waves in the water? Select one: a. the speed is greater for the first wave b. the speed is greater for the second wave c. the speed is the same for both waves

c. the speed is the same for both waves

When do quantum-mechanical particles (i.e. electrons) behave as if they have wave-like properties? Select one: a. when used in any single or double slit experiments b. when they are observed c. when they are unobserved d. when they obey the uncertainty principle

c. when they are unobserved

In an experiment done in the early 1900's, Rutherford used a radioactive source to bombard a thin sheet of gold foil with a narrow beam of alpha particles. He carefully measured where these alpha particles went after they hit the foil. Thomson's plum pudding model was the model of the atom being used at the time. Which of the following explains what Rutherford expected to happen based on Thomson's model, and why he expected these results Select one: a. He expected none of the alpha particles to go through because gold is a solid. b. He expected very few of the alpha particles to go through because in Thomson's model there was very little space between atoms. c. He expected almost all of the alpha particles to go through because in Thomson's model atoms are very tiny and the odds of hitting one were very small. d. He expected almost all of the alpha particles to go through because in Thomson's model most of an atom is empty space. e. He expected all of the alpha particles to go through because in Thomson's model there was no concentration of charge to repel them.

e. He expected all of the alpha particles to go through because in Thomson's model there was no concentration of charge to repel them.

A polar explorer wakes up one morning and notes that the temperature is 20 degrees below zero degrees Celsius. He decides he needs some hot water to cook his mac 'n cheese so he cuts out a block of ice, puts it in a pot, and heats it on his camp stove until it first melts and later starts to boil. Questions 4 - 7 deal with this situation of the explorer and his cooking. Which of the following is the best general description of the behavior of the liquid water molecules? Select one: a. Squishy particles like little cotton balls that are nearly at rest and touching one another. b. The infinitely divisible material that fills up the space in the can. c. Objects that move around and change direction randomly, but which are too small to ever hit anything or experience forces. d. Particles in random motion that collide, transfer energy, and exert forces according to the conservation laws and Newton's laws of motion. e. Squishy particles that are mostly empty space and can pass through each other without ever exerting forces on each other.

d. Particles in random motion that collide, transfer energy, and exert forces according to the conservation laws and Newton's laws of motion.

Which of the following is true regarding red and blue light? Select one: a. They both travel at different speeds from one another in a vacuum. b. Only red light creates an interference pattern. c. Only blue light creates a diffraction pattern. d. Photons from blue light have more energy. e. Both blue light and red light have the same wavelength.

d. Photons from blue light have more energy.

If the light is made extremely dim what happens to the pattern produced? Select one: a. The pattern stays basically the same shape, but gets dimmer. b. The pattern stays basically the same shape, but gets fuzzier. c. The pattern stays basically the same shape, but gets narrower. d. The pattern stays basically the same shape, but gets speckled, like it is made up of dots. e. Changing the brightness of the light doesn't change the pattern at all.

d. The pattern stays basically the same shape, but gets speckled, like it is made up of dots.

At point B two low pressure regions overlap. What is happening at point B? Select one: a. The two waves will bounce off of each other. b. The two waves will bend around each other. c. The two waves will create a new wave that spreads out from point B. d. The two waves will combine to make a louder sound at point B. e. The two waves will cancel out so that there is no sound at point B.

d. The two waves will combine to make a louder sound at point B.

What were the actual results of Rutherford's experiment? Select one: a. None of the alpha particles went through the foil. b. Very few of the alpha particles went through the foil. c. About ½ of the alpha particles bounced off of the foil. d. Very few of the alpha particles bounced off of the foil. e. All of the alpha particles went through the foil.

d. Very few of the alpha particles bounced off of the foil.

Order the following substances from lowest to highest density: granite rock, helium gas, and ocean water . Select one: a. ocean water, helium gas, granite rock b. helium gas, granite rock, ocean water c. granite rock, ocean water, helium gas d. helium gas, ocean water, granite rock e. ocean water, granite rock, helium gas f. granite rock, helium gas, ocean water

d. helium gas, ocean water, granite rock

What was discovered as a direct result of Thomson's experiments with gas discharge tubes? Select one: a. the Exclusion Principle. b. the Nuclear Model of atoms. c. the Uncertainty Principle. d. that all atoms are made of charged particles. e. that electrons in atoms behave as waves.

d. that all atoms are made of charged particles.

Louis DeBroglie proposed that all matter has dual nature. The wavelength of any particle is related to its momentum by the equation: Which of the following is the best explanation of why we don't notice wave behavior in large objects like baseballs, but it is fairly easily detected in small objects like electrons. Select one: a. Large objects will have large wavelengths because of their larger volumes. b. Plank's constant, h, changes with mass. It has a larger value for objects like electrons than it does for baseballs. c. Baseballs have wavelengths too large to fit through slits the way electrons do. d. Electrons travel at faster velocities and this gives them larger wavelengths. e. Large objects will have wavelengths far too small to detect wave behavior because of their larger masses.

e. Large objects will have wavelengths far too small to detect wave behavior because of their larger masses.

What does this demonstrate about the behavior of light? Select one: a. Light has colors. b. Light has electrical charge. c. Light carries energy. d. Light has particle properties. e. Light has wave properties.

e. Light has wave properties.

What did Rutherford conclude about atoms from these experiments? Select one: a. That the gold atoms had a large mass. b. That electrons occupied discrete energy levels. c. That alpha particles exhibit wave particle duality. d. That electrons collapse into the nucleus. e. That all of the positive charge was concentrated in a very small volume.

e. That all of the positive charge was concentrated in a very small volume.

If you increase the amplitude of the sound wave, what else will happen? Select one: a. The sound wave will spread out more. b. The sound wave will have a higher pitch. c. The sound wave will travel faster through the air. d. The distance between points of high pressure will become larger. e. The sound wave will become louder.

e. The sound wave will become louder.

What principle best describes what happens as the slit becomes narrower and the position of the electron is measured more accurately at the slit. Select one: a. The wave model of the atom. b. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle. c. The Pauli exclusion principle. d. The law of increasing disorder. e. The wave particle duality of electromagnetic radiation.

b. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

A blue car ____________ more blue light than any other color(s). Select one: a. absorbs b. diffracts c. reflects d. reverberates

c. reflects

Unfortunately, before adding his pasta, the explorer steps outside for a few minutes, and when he comes back he finds the pot has boiled dry and he is heating steam. Which of the following best depicts how the temperature of the water varies with time as it changes from ice, to liquid, to steam? ???

Like stepping stairs that go at an angle never flat _/ _/

When you compare the ionization energies of K, Ca, and Ar which of the following is the least likely to give away an electron? Select one: a. K. b. Ca. c. Ar d. Information about ionization energies cannot be determined from the periodic table.

Ar

Carbon, silicon and lead belong to the same family. Select one: a. false b. true

True

A glass that contains a mix of ice and water stays at 0oC as long as there is ice left, even when the temperature of the room is much higher than 0o. Why? Select one: a. The energy transferred from the room is increasing the potential energy of the water molecules. b. The energy from the room is increasing the kinetic energy of the water molecules. c. The room stops transferring energy once water reaches its melting point no matter how hot the room is. d. Water is unique because of its hydrogen bonds. Few if any other substances will exhibit this behavior. e. At the freezing point, water radiates away as much energy as it absorbs, so it stays at equilibrium.

a. The energy transferred from the room is increasing the potential energy of the water molecules.

When looking at Brownian motion of dust particles in water, what would be observed if the temperature is increased? Select one: a. The erratic motion of the dust particles increases. b. The erratic motion of the dust particles decreases. c. No change in the erratic motion of the dust particles would be detected. d. Brownian motion would no longer be seen.

a. The erratic motion of the dust particles increases.

The pictures 1 and 2 are snapshots of two different water waves moving through the same depth of water. What can you conclude about the frequency of the two waves? Select one: a. The first wave has a higher frequency. b. The second wave has a higher frequency. c. The two waves have the same frequency. d. It is not possible to determine anything about frequency from the still pictures.

a. The first wave has a higher frequency.

The Exclusion principle states that Select one: a. there can only be two electrons in one orbital and the electrons must differ by spin. b. the better one knows an electron's position, the less one knows about the electron's momentum c. in an atoms, all electrons must have different spin. d. the lowest energy orbitals are filled first.

a. there can only be two electrons in one orbital and the electrons must differ by spin.

In an important experiment used to determine the nature of atoms, a gas like hydrogen, neon or mercury is excited by sparking it with electricity. The light emitted is separated out into individual colors using a prism or diffraction grating and a few lines of colored light are seen. The light observed in such a spectrum is emitted when an electron in an atom Select one: a. "jumps" from one energy level up to another higher energy level. b. "jumps" from one energy level down to another lower energy level. c. is completely removed from the atom. d. is converted to the pure energy of a photon. e. is absorbed by the nucleus.

b. "jumps" from one energy level down to another lower energy level.

Use the periodic table to list the atoms Br As Ca (bromine, arsenic, calcium) in order of increasing diameter (largest last). Select one: a. Ca Br As b. Br As Ca c. Br Ca As d. As Ca Br e. Ca As Br

b. Br As Ca

Chemical potential energy is one form of internal energy. Which of the following is the source of chemical potential energy? Select one: a. Random motion of molecules b. Electrical potential energy of molecules c. Average molecular kinetic energy d. Average molecular speed e. Temperature

b. Electrical potential energy of molecules

Which of the following is experimental evidence that the Bohr model is incorrect? (The quantum model can explain why all of these occur, but the Bohr model doesn't provide an explanation as to why one of these happens.) Select one: a. Atoms produce discrete emission spectra. b. Electrons moving in circular paths radiate energy, but electrons around undisturbed atoms do not radiate any energy. c. Positively charged particles are repelled by the nucleus. d. Atoms can be broken into charged particles.

b. Electrons moving in circular paths radiate energy, but electrons around undisturbed atoms do not radiate any energy.

A glass thermometer at room temperature (20° C) is placed in a pan of near-freezing water (1° C). Which of the following statements is true concerning the heat conduction which may occur in this situation? Select one: a. No heat conduction occurs since the water is so cold. b. The glass molecules transfer some of their kinetic energy to the water molecules which have, on average, less kinetic energy. c. The glass molecules transfer some of their kinetic energy to the water molecules which have, on average, more kinetic energy. d. The water molecules transfer some of their kinetic energy to the glass molecules which have, on average, less kinetic energy. e. The water molecules transfer some of their kinetic energy to the glass molecules which have, no average, more kinetic energy.

b. The glass molecules transfer some of their kinetic energy to the water molecules which have, on average, less kinetic energy.

To the right is a dot density diagram showing the 2p orbital. In this diagram what do the dark areas represent? Select one: a. The path a 2p electron follows as it travels around the nucleus. b. The most probable locations to detect 2p electrons around an atom. c. An orbit where a 2p electron oscillates up and down an integer number of times as it circles the nucleus. d. The current location of each electron around the nucleus. e. More than one of the above.

b. The most probable locations to detect 2p electrons around an atom.

Below is a diagram showing the 2s orbital. In this diagram what do the dark areas represent? Select one: a. The path a 2s electron follows as it travels around the nucleus. b. The most probable locations to detect 2s electrons around an atom. c. An orbit where the 2s electron oscillates up and down an integer number of times as it circles the nucleus. d. The current location of each electron around the nucleus. e. More than one of the above.

b. The most probable locations to detect 2s electrons around an atom.

In the quantum model, electrons in which orbital of the 4th shell will have the lowest energy? Select one: a. p b. s c. d d. f e. Spin

b. s

Which of the following temperatures is the closest to the boiling point for substance X? Select one: a. There is no way to estimate the boiling point b. -200 oC c. 0 oC d. 1500 oC e. 2500 oC

c. 0 oC

If you draw an energy well for a neutral neon atom, how many electrons does a neon atom have in its 2p orbitals? Refer to the periodic table. Select one: a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10

c. 6

As the temperature of the water increases from 30oC to 80oC which of the following is also increasing? Select one: a. Density of the liquid. b. Chemical potential energy of the molecules. c. Average molecular kinetic energy of the molecules. d. Average molecular mass of the molecules. e. Average volume of each liquid molecule.

c. Average molecular kinetic energy of the molecules.

Why do elements in the same column of the periodic table react in similar ways? Select one: a. Mendeleev ordered them that way on purpose. b. The quantum model of the atom supports this observation c. Each element in the column has the same number of valence electrons. d. Each element in the column has the same ionization energy.

c. Each element in the column has the same number of valence electrons.

The energy of a photon is related to its Select one: a. Amplitude b. Wave speed c. Frequency

c. Frequency

If the slit is made narrower in an attempt to know exactly where the electron is when it passes through the slit, what will happen to the image on the screen? Select one: a. The image becomes larger. (i.e. you will see a wider band, larger dot, or wider pattern of bands.) b. The image becomes narrower. (i.e. you will see a narrower band, a smaller dot, or a narrower series of bands.) c. The location of the image becomes harder to predict. (i.e. you will see the same band, dot, or series of bands, but you will not be able to predict where on the screen this image will appear.) d. The location of the image becomes easier to predict. (i.e. you will see the same band, dot, or series of bands, but you will be able to predict more accurately where on the screen this image will appear.) e. The image becomes dimmer.

c. The location of the image becomes harder to predict. (i.e. you will see the same band, dot, or series of bands, but you will not be able to predict where on the screen this image will appear.)

A single electron is sent through a single, tiny slit. Later it is detected by a screen placed on the opposite side. It is possible to change the width of the slit. (This experiment could also be done with a slow neutron rather than an electron.) When a single electron is sent through the slit, which of the following best describes the image produced on the screen? Select one: a.single narrow band about as narrow as the slit. b. a single broad band, i.e., broader than the combined width of the slit. c. a single dot somewhere on the screen; you can't predict exactly where. d. a single dot opposite the slit; the dot will be located in an area the size of the slit. d. a series of bright and dark bands.

c. a single dot somewhere on the screen; you can't predict exactly where.

When sunlight passes through a large opening, such as a door or window, it is concentrated immediately behind the opening. When light passes through a very small opening, such as a pin hole, it spreads out over an area much larger than the size of the opening. This is an example of Select one: a. reflection. b. refraction. c. diffraction d. interference. e. the photoelectric effect.

c. diffraction

Which of the following are fluids? Select one: a. clay, rubber, hydrogen gas b. maple syrup, hydrogen gas, pencil eraser c. maple syrup, hydrogen gas, liquid nitrogen d. rubber, hydrogen gas, pencil eraser e. clay, maple syrup, rubber

c. maple syrup, hydrogen gas, liquid nitrogen

Suppose you are in a room with no windows and no lights on but the door is open. Light from the hall fills most of the room. The light entering the room can best be explained by: a. diffraction b. interference c. reflection d. refraction

c. reflection

Which of the following is the best description of a photon? Select one: a. A particle with mass and positive charge. b. A particle without mass and with positive charge. c. A particle without mass and with negative charge. d. A particle with mass and negative charge. e. A particle with mass and no charge. f. A particle without mass and with no charge.

f. A particle without mass and with no charge.

Waves may be observed to reflect, refract, diffract, and interfere. Two of these behaviors are unique to waves only and two of them may also be observed for particles (or convincingly counterfeited by particles). Which two are wave behavior only? Select one: a. reflection and refraction b. diffraction and reflection c. reflection and interference d. refraction and diffraction e. interference and refraction f. diffraction and interference

f. diffraction and interference