Physics Chapter 29-32 Test

when radium (A=88) emits an alpha particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number

86

Some double-pane airplane windows darken when the inner pane is rotated. The panes are

Polaroid filters

For viewing tiny objects in a microscope, diffraction is

a hindrance

a nucleon is either

a proton or neutron

according to the correspondence principle, a new theory is valid if it

accounts for confirmed results from the old theory

the correspondence principle applies to

all good theories

atoms can be excited by

all of these (electron impact, thermal agitation, photon impact)

which of the following continually emits electromagnetic radiation

all of these (radio antennas, red-hot coals, insects)

an atom that emits a certain frequency of light is

an absorber of the same frequency

quantum uncertainties are most predominant for simultaneously measuring the speed and location of

an electron

the greater proportion of energy immediately converted to heat rather than light occurs in

an incandescent lamp

the function of polarizing filters in viewing 3-D slides or movies is to provide each eye

an independent left or right-hand view

an atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is

an ion

The vibrational direction of the electron and the plane of polarization of the light it emits

are the same

The polarization axes of glasses for 3-D viewing are

at right angles to each other

most alpha particles fired at a gold foil pass through undeflected because the

atoms of gold, like any others, are mostly empty space

the hottest star is the star that glows

blue

which body is heated in its interior by nuclear processes

both (sun and earth)

when an alpha particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has less

both of these (mass and charge)

a beam of electrons has

both of these (particle and wave properties)

if a proton and an electron have identical momentum, the longer wavelength belongs to the

both the same (electron & proton)

when a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number

changes, but its mass number remains constant

what is it that electrons have that protons always have in equal magnitude

charge

heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more

electric charge

the energy of a photon depends on its

frequency

monochromatic light is a light of a single

frequency, color, wavelength

Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it

gamma rays

x-rays are similar to

gamma rays

discrete spectral lines occur when excitation takes place in a

gas

light from two closely-spaced stars will not produce a steady interference pattern at the Earth's surface because of

incoherence

when a lump of uranium is broken into smaller pieces, the total surface area of the lump

increases

light behaves primarily as a particle when it

interacts with matter

Iridescent colors seen in the pearly luster of an abalone shell are due to

interference

colors seen when gasoline forms a thin film on water are a demonstration of

interference

when two light atoms fuse together, mass

is converted to kinetic energy of neutrons

compared to the mass of a uranium nucleus before splitting, the pieces it splits into have

less mass

Interference is a property of

light waves, water waves, sound waves

according to the uncertainty principle, the more we know about a particle's momentum, the less we know about its

location

Waves diffract the most when their wavelength is

long

light from a laser is

monochromatic

when a gamma ray is emitted by a nucleus, the nucleus then has appreciably less

neither of these

different isotopes of an element have different numbers of

neutrons

the discreteness of energy levels is better understood by considering the electrons to be

none of these

atoms of neon in a glass tube can be excited

over and over again

which of the following is a property of light waves, but not of sound waves

polarization

the atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its

protons

electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to

push it apart

to say that energy levels in an atom are discrete is to say the energy levels are well defined and

seperate from one another

an electron in an excited state could give off

several photons in a series of transitions to the ground state

which of the following forms an interference pattern when distracted toward two suitably-spaced slits

sound, electrons, light

which of the following isotopes is radioactive

carbon-14

A hologram is simply a

complex diffraction grating

light from a lit match comes from

electrons

some alpha particles fired through a gold foil bounce backward by

electrostatic repulsion when close to gold nuclei

once an alpha particle is outside the nucleus it is

electrostatically repelled

when an element undergoes nuclear transmutation, the result is a completely different

element

two photons have the same wavelength. they also have the same

energy and frequency

consider plane waves incident upon a barrier with a small opening. after passing through the opening, the waves

fan out

which light source is more energy-efficient

fluorescent lamp

a chain reaction grows when the average number of liberated neutrons which go on to cause further fissions is

greater than one

x-rays may be regarded as

high frequency radio waves

to perceive greater detail a dolphin emits sounds of

higher frequency

a nucleon has the least mass in the nucleus of

iron

which of the following has the longer wavelength

low energy electron

in the process of fluorescence, the input is high-frequency light and the output is

lower-frequency light

light is emitted when an electron

makes a transition to a lower energy level

in the photoelectric effect, the greater the frequency of the illuminating light, the greater the

maximum velocity of ejected electrons

which of the following are conserved when a photon collides with an electron

momentum and energy

the amount of radiation we personally encounter that originates in the earth's and the atomosphere's natural background is

more than half

an inventor proposes to equip an office with a polarized source of background music and let those who prefer not to hear it wear polarizing earplugs. his idea is

nonsense - you can't polarize a sound wave

in the photoelectric effect, the brighter the illuminating light on a photosensitive surface, the greater the

number of ejected electrons

a painting looks less flat when viewed with

one eye

the half-life on an isotope is one day. at the end of three days, how much of the isotope remains

one-eighth

the half-life of an isotope is one day. at the end of two days the amount that remains is

one-quarter

an atom that absorbs a photon of a certain energy can then emit

only a photon of the same or lower energy

electrons with the greater potential energies with respect to the atomic nucleus are

outer electrons

the photoelectric effect best demonstrates the

particle nature of light

in the double-slit experiment with electrons, the electrons arrive at the screen in a

particle-like way with a pattern that is wave-like

Light will not pass through a pair of Polaroids when their axes are

perpendicular

some light switches glow in the dark after the lights are turned off. this is because of

phosphorescence

the white light emitted by a fluorescent lamp is provided by the

phosphors on the inner surface of the lamp

a quantum of light is called a

photon

a throbbing pulse of electromagnetic radiation is called a

photon

the high temperature of the earth's interior is due mostly to

radioactivity

an excited atom decays to its ground state and emits a photon of green light. if instead the atom decays to an intermediate state, then the light emitted could be

red

as a solid is gradually heated, the first color to glow is

red

two beams of light, a red beam and a blue beam, have the same energy. the beam with the greater number of photons is the

red beam

to study light interference, we must use light

that has come by different paths from the same source

an excited atom is an atom

that has one or more displaced electrons

astronomers can tell whether a star is approaching or receding from earth by

the doppler effect

an electron and a baseball move at the same speed. which has the longer wavelength

the electron

most of the radioactivity we personally encounter comes from

the natural enviornment

orbital electrons do not spiral into the nucleus because of

the wave nature of the electron

alpha particles are repelled by atomic nuclei because

they both have the same sign of electric charge

Polarization is a property of

transverse waves

light behaves primarily as a wave when it

travels from one place to another

which color of light carries the most energy per photon

violet

quantization of electron energy states in an atom is better understood in terms of the electron's

wave nature

when Rutherford has a stream of alpha particles hit a gold foil, most of the particles

went almost straight through