Physics MCAT (High Yield Only)

In bernoulli's equation, what represents dynamic pressure?

1/2pv^2 (p=density)

What is room temperature in kelvin?

300k

(...) are capable of exchanging energy, but NOT matter with the surroundings.

Closed systems

The (...) is a constant that characterizes how a specific material's length changes as the temperature changes.

Coefficient of linear expansion

The (...) is a constant that characterizes how a specific material's volume changes as the temperature changes and is equal to 3⍺.

Coefficient of volumetric expansion

Q= V1A1= V2A2, is known as the (....equation) and it tells us that fluids will flow more quickly through narrow passages and more slowly through widers ones.

Continuity equation

When can you use poiseuille's law?

Fluid with single density and laminar flow

(...) refers to the transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object with higher temperature (energy) to a colder object with lower temperature (energy).

Heat

(...) are not capable of exchanging energy or matter with their surroundings.

Isolated systems

When a fluid is moving, its flow can be laminar or turbulent. (...) is smooth and orderly, and is often modeled as layers of fluid that flow parallel to each other.

Laminar

While the flow rate is constant, the (...) of the fluid does change relative to cross-sectional area.

Linear speed

(...) can exchange both matter and energy with the environment.

Open system

In bernoulli's equation, what represents absolute pressure?

P

In bernoulli's equation, what represents static pressure?

P + pgh (p= density)

Equation: Pressure

P=F/A

With laminar flow through a pipe or confined space, it is possible to calculate the rate of flow using (...).

Poiseuille's law

Equation: flow rate

Q= A•v = ∆v/∆t

(...) are thermodynamic properties that are a function of only the current state of the system. (snapshot in time)

State functions (P, p, V, U= internal energy, G, H, S, T)

A (...) is the portion of the universe that we are interested in observing or manipulating.

System

(...) refers to an increase in the size of a substance when the temperature is increased.

Thermal expansion

The (...law) states that the entropy of a perfectly organized crystal at absolute zero is zero.

Third law of thermodynamics

When a fluid is moving, its flow can be laminar or turbulent. (...) is rough and disorderly. (...) causes the formation of eddies downstream of an obstacle.

Turbulent flow

For a fluid flowing through a tube of diameter D, the critical speed can be calculated as:

Vc=N•n/pD (N=reynold's number, n=viscosity, p=density)

Mnemonic; Thermal expansion equation

When the temperature of an object changes, its length changes a lot (∆L= ⍺L∆T, where ∆L is change in length, L= OG length, ⍺= coefficient of linear expansion, ∆T= change in temp)

The (...law) is based on a simple observation: when one object is in thermal equilibrium with another object and the second object is in thermal equilibrium with a third object, then the first and third object are also in thermal equilibrium.

Zeroth law of thermodynamics

In unobstructed fluid flow, turbulence can arise when the speed of the fluid exceeds a certain critical speed. Fluid will demonstrate complex flow patterns, and laminar flow occurs only in the thin layer of the fluid adjacent to the wall, called the (...).

boundary layer

In unobstructed fluid flow, turbulence can arise when the speed of the fluid exceeds a certain (...). Fluid will demonstrate complex flow patterns, and laminar flow occurs only in the thin layer of the fluid adjacent to the wall.

critical speed.

Without any exceptions, the (...) is constant for a closed system and independent of changes in cross-sectional area.

flow rate

Fluids with lower viscosity are said to behave more like (...) which have no viscosity and described as inviscid.

ideal fluids

Increasing the temperature of a fluid has what effect on poiseuille's law?

increase T decreases viscosity

For Poiseuille's law a slight increase in the radius of the tube will have what effect on the pressure gradient, assuming constant flow rate?

large decrease

Mnemonic: for going down a ramp in a physics equation what will the vector in trigonometric terms?

mg•sinθ (sine for SLIDING)

Buoyant force is equaled to:

pVg (density•Volume•gravity)

The SI unit of viscosity is the (...) , equaled to ( N • m / s^2 )

pascal-second (Pa • s)

(...) such as work and heat, describe the path taken to get to from one state to another.

process function

Some fluids flow very easily, while others barely flow at all. The resistance of a fluid to flow is called (...).

viscosity

Equation: Poiseuille's Law

πr^4∆P/8nl (r=radius, ∆P=pressure difference, n=viscosity , l= length)