Physio Chapter 16
Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide. True/False
False
Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles expands the thoracic cavity. True/False
False
Internal respiration occurs most frequently in the respiratory zone. True/False
False
Intrapulmonary pressure increases as the diaphragm contracts. True/False
False
Peripheral chemoreceptors are directly stimulated by blood CO2 levels. True/False
False
The parietal pleura covers the surface of the lungs. True/False
False
The partial pressure of oxygen decreases at high altitude because the amount of oxygen in the air is decreased. True/False
False
Type I alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant. True/False
False
Ventilation involves both internal and external components. True/False
False
Measurements of arterial P co2 are used to assess lung function. True/False
True
Normal venous Pco2 is a. 40 mm Hg b. 46 mm Hg c. 100 mm Hg d. 105 mm Hg
b. 46 mm Hg
Asthmatics will have decreased amounts of histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines during an attack. True/False
False
Breathing 100% oxygen will increase the total oxygen content of whole blood by 5 times. True/False
False
An oxygen electrode will measure the amount of free oxygen in the plasma and the amount of oxygen bonded to hemoglobin. True/False
False
Arterial blood pH is indirectly proportional to the partial carbon dioxide pressure of arterial blood. True/False
False
A tracheotomy is the insertion of a tube into the trachea. True/False
False
Activation of the apneustic center would increase tidal volume. Tue/False
False
Lung compliance increases as the amount of surfactant in the lung increases. True/False
True
An individual with a pneumothorax would have air in the pleural space. True/False
True
Black lung causes pulmonary fibrosis due to the inhalation of large amounts of carbon dust. True/False
True
Cor pulmonale may result from a COPD such as emphysema. True/False
True
Decompression sickness could occur if an airplane's cabin depressurized at a high altitude. True/False
True
Forced expiratory volume tests are used to differentiate between restrictive and obstructive lung disorders. True/False
True
Hypocapnia would induce a rise in the pH of arterial blood. True/False
True
Increasing the partial pressure of a gas increases the amount of that gas which will dissolve in a fluid. True/False
True
Ondine's curse is a condition in which involuntary control of breathing is abolished so that patients must remind themselves to breathe. True/False
True
Pleural membranes envelop organs within the thoracic cavity. True/False
True
Quiet expiration will increase intrapulmonary pressure to about +3 mm Hg about atmospheric pressure. True/False
True
Sympathetic agonists could be utilized to treat asthma. True/False
True
The "Adam's apple" is formed by the largest cartilage of the larynx. True/False
True
The maximum amount of gas that can be inspired after a normal tidal expiration is the insinuatory capacity. True/False
True
The pharynx is a common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems. True/False
True
The presence of water vapor in the air will reduce the partial pressure of oxygen. True/False
True
Vital capacity is reduced in pulmonary restrictive disorders. True/False
True
Normal alveolar Pco2 is a. 40 mm Hg b. 46 mm Hg c. 100 mm Hg d. 105 mm Hg
a. 40 mm Hg
Normal venous po2 is a. 40 mm Hg b. 46 mm Hg c. 85 mm Hg d. 100 mm Hg
a. 40 mm Hg
What law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume? a. Boyle's Law b. Charles' Law c. Dalton's Law d. Henry's Law
a. Boyle's Law
Cessation of breathing is known as a. apnea b. dyspnea c. eupnea d. pneumothorax
a. apnea
The foramen oval a. closes after birth due to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance b. normally shunts blood between the pulmonary after and aorta c. normally shunts blood between the right and left ventricles d. has no importance in fetal respiratory physiology
a. closes after birth due to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
A measure of the distensibility of the lungs is a. compliance b. elasticity c. surface tension d. none of the choices are correct
a. compliance
Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone? a. gas exchange b. filtering and cleaning the air c. warming and humidifying the air d. all of the choices are functions
a. gas exchange
The ventilation/perfusion ratio is ____________ at the apex of the lungs a. highest b. lowest c. the same as the base
a. highest
The direct role of blood oxygen levels in controlling respiration is called a. hypoxic drive b. hypocapnia c. oxygen perfusion d. acidosis
a. hypoxic drive
When alveolar ventilation increases, the perfusion of pulmonary arterioles will a. increase b. decrease c. remain unchanged
a. increase
Intrapleura pressure __________ during expiration. a. increases b. decreases c. remians unchanged
a. increases
The dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata is involved with a. inspiration b. expiration c. breathing rhythm d. both inspiration ad expiration
a. inspiration
The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood a. is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. b. increases at higher altitudes c. is described primarily by Boyle's Law d. all of the choices are correct
a. is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas
What condition is caused by large amounts of nitrogen dissolving into the blood due to hyperbaric conditions? a. nitrogen narcosis b. oxygen toxicity c. decompression sickness d. emphysema
a. nitrogen narcosis
Breathing 100% oxygen will a. significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues b. increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells c. significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood d. not change the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma
a. significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues
The volume of gas inspired or expired in a quiet respiration cycle is the a. tidal volume b. vital capacity c. inspiratory reserve volume d. residual volume
a. tidal volume
Ventilation would be decreased by decreasing the activity of a. type II alveolar cells b. type I alveolar cells c. alveolar macrophages d. none of the choices are correct
a. type II alveolar cells
Peripheral chemoreceptors that can detect changes in blood pH are located in the a. medulla oblongata b. aortic and carotid bodies c. pons d. lungs
b aortic and carotid bodies
Fluid secretion by lung cells is due to _________ alveolar cells. a. active transport of Na+ into b. active transport of Cl- out of c. passive transport of HCO3- out of d. active transport of Na+ out of
b. active transport of Cl- out of
What drug that is used as a treatment for asthma, promotes bronchodilation by selectively stimulating beta 2 -adrenergic receptors? a. singulair b. albuterol c. terbutaline d. epinephrine
b. and c. are correct (albuterol and terbutaline)
Central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata directly detect changes in the pH of the a. blood b. cerebrospinal fluid c. lymph d. air
b. cerebrospinal fluid
The tendency of the lungs to return to their initial size after stretching is a. compliance b. elasticity c. surace tension d. none of the choices are correct
b. elasticity
Quiet inspiration will _____ thoracic and lung volume and _____ intrapulmonary pressure. a. increase, increase b. increase, decrease c. decrease, increase d. decrease, decrease
b. increase, decrease
The ventilation/perfusion ratio a. is lowest at the apex of the lungs b. increases when blood flow is decreased c. decreases when ventilation is increased d. increases due to dilation of the pulmonary arterioles
b. increases when blood flow is decreased
Pulmonary circulation is a ___________ resistance and __________ pressure pathway a. low, high b. low, low c. high, low d. high, high
b. low, low
The I neurons of the dorsal respiratory group stimulate the a. sympathetic nervous system b. phrenic nerve c. vagus nerve d. parasympathetic nervous system
b. phrenic nerve
How does surfactant reduce the surface tension of water in the lungs? a. decomposes water b. reduces hydrogen bonding between water molecules c. covers the alveoli d. all of the choices are correct
b. reduces hydrogen bonding between water molecules
Forced (deep) inspiration occurs with the contraction of the a. erectus abdominis b. scalenes c. internal intercostals d. parasternal intercostals
b. scalenes
The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the a. vital capacity b. total lung capacity c. tidal volume. d functional residual capacity
b. total lung capacity
When a diver descends 20 meters below sea level, the total atmospheric pressure would be ________ the pressure at sea level. a. double b. triple c. quadruple d. the same as
b. triple
Gas X makes up 15% of a gas mix, at 760 mm Hg, the partial pressure of gas X would be a. 11400 mm Hg b. 1140 mm Hg c. 114 mm Hg d. 646 mm Hg
c. 114 mm Hg
Who's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas in the mixture would exert independently? a. Boyle's Law b. Charles Law c. Dalton's Law d. Henry's Law
c. Dalton's Law
Who's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas? a. Charles Law b. Boyle's Law c. Henrys Law d. Laplace's Law
c. Henry's Law
According to who's law, is the pressure in a small alveolus greater than a large alveolus as long as the surface's tension is equal? a. Boyle's Law b. Dalton's Law c. Laplace's Law d. Henry's Law
c. Laplace's Law
Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting zone? a. primary bronchi b. trachea c. alveoli d. nose
c. alveoli
Blood flow is greatest at ________ of the lungs and perfusion is greatest at the ________ of the lungs a. apex; apex b. apex; base c. base base d. base ; apex
c. base; base
Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by a. smoking b. allergic reactions c. breathing in coal dust d. increased mucus production
c. breathing in coal dust
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy a. is used to treat nitrogen narcosis b. exposes patients to high oxygen under low pressure c. can be used to promote wound healing d would increase the time required to recover from decompression sickness
c. can be used to promote wound healing
Pulmonary arterioles__________ and system arterioles __________ when Po2 is low. a. dilate, dilate b. dilate, constrict c. constrict, dilate d. constrict, constrict
c. constrict, dilate
The anatomical dead space a. is increased by emphysema b. has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than atmospheric wire c. has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air d. is comprised of the respiratory zone
c. has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air
What can be used to treat carbon monoxide poisoning and gangrene? a. hypoventilation b. blood letting c. hyperbaric oxygen therapy d. carbon dioxide therapy
c. hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Quiet expiration is caused by a. contraction of the external intercostals b. contraction of the internal intercostals c. lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure d. contraction of the scalenes
c. lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure
The rhythmicity center is located in the a. pons b. cerebral cortex c. medulla oblongata d. midbrain
c. medulla oblongata
What instrument is used to measure the percent oxyhemoglobin saturation of the blood? a. sphygmomanometer b. spirometer c. pulse oximeter d. stethoscope
c. pulse oximeter
Which of the following is NOT a component of respiration? a. gase exchange b. oxygen utilization c. speech d. ventilation
c. speech
What phospholipid decreases the surface tension of the alveoli? a. mucus b. saliva c. surfactant d. lymph
c. surfactant
Which of the following is true? a. blood in the pulmonary veins is low in oxygen b. blood in the pulmonary veins is high in carbon dioxide c. the oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar wire d. all of the choices are true
c. the oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar air
Normal arterial Po2 is a. 40 mm Hg b. 46 mm Hg c. 85 mm Hg d. 100 mm Hg
d. 100 mm Hg
Normal alveolar Po2 is a. 40 mm Hg b. 46 mm Hg c. 100 mm Hg d. 105 mm Hg
d. 105 mm Hg
Obstructive pulmonary diseases often cause the FEV1 to be decreased by _________ or more. a. 0% b. 5% c. 10% d. 20%
d. 20%
What condition is marked by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the lungs due to permeability changes triggered by the inflammatory response to systemic infection? a. emphysea b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) c. pneumothorax d. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
d. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
An atopic allergic asthmatic would have a. activation of helper T lymphocytes b. production of IgE c. pulmonary eosinphilia d. all of the choices are correct
d. all of the choices are correct
Diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane is rapid because a. there are about 750 square feet of alveoli membrane b. alveoli are one cell thick c. the air-blood barrier is two cells thick d. all of the choices are correct
d. all of the choices are correct
Which muscle's contraction will stimulate inspiration? a. diaphragm b. external intercostals c. parasternal intercostals d. all of the choices are correct
d. all of the choices are correct
Which of the following may result from emphysema a. reduced gas exchange surface are b. air trapping c. cor pulmonale d. all of the choices are correct
d. all of the choices are correct
Breathing 100% oxygen will NOT a. significantly increase the oxygen deliver to tissues b. increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells c. significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood d. both increase the amour of oxygen in red blood cells and significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood
d. both increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells and significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood
Which of the following is an inflammatory cell associated with COPDs but NOT asthma? a. mast cells b. helper T cells c. eosinophils d. cytotoxic T cells
d. cytotoxic T cells
The _______ separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. a. lungs b. liver c. rib cage d. diaphragm
d. diaphragm
What is he condition of having low blood oxygen levels? a. hypocapnia b. hypercapnia c. hypoxia d. hypoxemia
d. hypoxemia
The primary drive to breath is elicited by which of the following: a. reduced Po2 b. reduced Pco2 c. increased Po2 d. increased Pco2
d. increased Pco2
During inspiration, a. alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure b. transpulmonary pressure increases c. the diaphragm relaxes d. intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure
d. intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure
Decompression sickness is caused by ascending to sea level too quickly which results in bubbles of _________ to form in the blood. a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. carbon monoxide d. nitrogen
d. nitrogen
Inhalation and accumulation of particles less than 6 mm in size can cause a. asthma b. emphysema c. cystic fibrosis d. pulmonary fibrosis
d. pulmonary fibrosis
The volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration is the a. tidal volume b. vital capacity c. inspiratory reserve volume d. residual volume
d. residual volume
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a condition associated with premature babies who lack a. a-antitrypsin b. histamine c. type I alveolar cells d. surfactant
d. surfactant
The conduction zone contains all of the following EXCEPT a. the primary bronchi b. the larynx c. the terminal bronchioles d. the respiratory bronchioles
d. the respiratory bronchioles