Physio Chapter 16

Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide. True/False

False

Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles expands the thoracic cavity. True/False

False

Internal respiration occurs most frequently in the respiratory zone. True/False

False

Intrapulmonary pressure increases as the diaphragm contracts. True/False

False

Peripheral chemoreceptors are directly stimulated by blood CO2 levels. True/False

False

The parietal pleura covers the surface of the lungs. True/False

False

The partial pressure of oxygen decreases at high altitude because the amount of oxygen in the air is decreased. True/False

False

Type I alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant. True/False

False

Ventilation involves both internal and external components. True/False

False

Measurements of arterial P co2 are used to assess lung function. True/False

True

Normal venous Pco2 is a. 40 mm Hg b. 46 mm Hg c. 100 mm Hg d. 105 mm Hg

b. 46 mm Hg

Asthmatics will have decreased amounts of histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines during an attack. True/False

False

Breathing 100% oxygen will increase the total oxygen content of whole blood by 5 times. True/False

False

An oxygen electrode will measure the amount of free oxygen in the plasma and the amount of oxygen bonded to hemoglobin. True/False

False

Arterial blood pH is indirectly proportional to the partial carbon dioxide pressure of arterial blood. True/False

False

A tracheotomy is the insertion of a tube into the trachea. True/False

False

Activation of the apneustic center would increase tidal volume. Tue/False

False

Lung compliance increases as the amount of surfactant in the lung increases. True/False

True

An individual with a pneumothorax would have air in the pleural space. True/False

True

Black lung causes pulmonary fibrosis due to the inhalation of large amounts of carbon dust. True/False

True

Cor pulmonale may result from a COPD such as emphysema. True/False

True

Decompression sickness could occur if an airplane's cabin depressurized at a high altitude. True/False

True

Forced expiratory volume tests are used to differentiate between restrictive and obstructive lung disorders. True/False

True

Hypocapnia would induce a rise in the pH of arterial blood. True/False

True

Increasing the partial pressure of a gas increases the amount of that gas which will dissolve in a fluid. True/False

True

Ondine's curse is a condition in which involuntary control of breathing is abolished so that patients must remind themselves to breathe. True/False

True

Pleural membranes envelop organs within the thoracic cavity. True/False

True

Quiet expiration will increase intrapulmonary pressure to about +3 mm Hg about atmospheric pressure. True/False

True

Sympathetic agonists could be utilized to treat asthma. True/False

True

The "Adam's apple" is formed by the largest cartilage of the larynx. True/False

True

The maximum amount of gas that can be inspired after a normal tidal expiration is the insinuatory capacity. True/False

True

The pharynx is a common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems. True/False

True

The presence of water vapor in the air will reduce the partial pressure of oxygen. True/False

True

Vital capacity is reduced in pulmonary restrictive disorders. True/False

True

Normal alveolar Pco2 is a. 40 mm Hg b. 46 mm Hg c. 100 mm Hg d. 105 mm Hg

a. 40 mm Hg

Normal venous po2 is a. 40 mm Hg b. 46 mm Hg c. 85 mm Hg d. 100 mm Hg

a. 40 mm Hg

What law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume? a. Boyle's Law b. Charles' Law c. Dalton's Law d. Henry's Law

a. Boyle's Law

Cessation of breathing is known as a. apnea b. dyspnea c. eupnea d. pneumothorax

a. apnea

The foramen oval a. closes after birth due to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance b. normally shunts blood between the pulmonary after and aorta c. normally shunts blood between the right and left ventricles d. has no importance in fetal respiratory physiology

a. closes after birth due to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance

A measure of the distensibility of the lungs is a. compliance b. elasticity c. surface tension d. none of the choices are correct

a. compliance

Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone? a. gas exchange b. filtering and cleaning the air c. warming and humidifying the air d. all of the choices are functions

a. gas exchange

The ventilation/perfusion ratio is ____________ at the apex of the lungs a. highest b. lowest c. the same as the base

a. highest

The direct role of blood oxygen levels in controlling respiration is called a. hypoxic drive b. hypocapnia c. oxygen perfusion d. acidosis

a. hypoxic drive

When alveolar ventilation increases, the perfusion of pulmonary arterioles will a. increase b. decrease c. remain unchanged

a. increase

Intrapleura pressure __________ during expiration. a. increases b. decreases c. remians unchanged

a. increases

The dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata is involved with a. inspiration b. expiration c. breathing rhythm d. both inspiration ad expiration

a. inspiration

The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood a. is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. b. increases at higher altitudes c. is described primarily by Boyle's Law d. all of the choices are correct

a. is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas

What condition is caused by large amounts of nitrogen dissolving into the blood due to hyperbaric conditions? a. nitrogen narcosis b. oxygen toxicity c. decompression sickness d. emphysema

a. nitrogen narcosis

Breathing 100% oxygen will a. significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues b. increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells c. significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood d. not change the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma

a. significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues

The volume of gas inspired or expired in a quiet respiration cycle is the a. tidal volume b. vital capacity c. inspiratory reserve volume d. residual volume

a. tidal volume

Ventilation would be decreased by decreasing the activity of a. type II alveolar cells b. type I alveolar cells c. alveolar macrophages d. none of the choices are correct

a. type II alveolar cells

Peripheral chemoreceptors that can detect changes in blood pH are located in the a. medulla oblongata b. aortic and carotid bodies c. pons d. lungs

b aortic and carotid bodies

Fluid secretion by lung cells is due to _________ alveolar cells. a. active transport of Na+ into b. active transport of Cl- out of c. passive transport of HCO3- out of d. active transport of Na+ out of

b. active transport of Cl- out of

What drug that is used as a treatment for asthma, promotes bronchodilation by selectively stimulating beta 2 -adrenergic receptors? a. singulair b. albuterol c. terbutaline d. epinephrine

b. and c. are correct (albuterol and terbutaline)

Central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata directly detect changes in the pH of the a. blood b. cerebrospinal fluid c. lymph d. air

b. cerebrospinal fluid

The tendency of the lungs to return to their initial size after stretching is a. compliance b. elasticity c. surace tension d. none of the choices are correct

b. elasticity

Quiet inspiration will _____ thoracic and lung volume and _____ intrapulmonary pressure. a. increase, increase b. increase, decrease c. decrease, increase d. decrease, decrease

b. increase, decrease

The ventilation/perfusion ratio a. is lowest at the apex of the lungs b. increases when blood flow is decreased c. decreases when ventilation is increased d. increases due to dilation of the pulmonary arterioles

b. increases when blood flow is decreased

Pulmonary circulation is a ___________ resistance and __________ pressure pathway a. low, high b. low, low c. high, low d. high, high

b. low, low

The I neurons of the dorsal respiratory group stimulate the a. sympathetic nervous system b. phrenic nerve c. vagus nerve d. parasympathetic nervous system

b. phrenic nerve

How does surfactant reduce the surface tension of water in the lungs? a. decomposes water b. reduces hydrogen bonding between water molecules c. covers the alveoli d. all of the choices are correct

b. reduces hydrogen bonding between water molecules

Forced (deep) inspiration occurs with the contraction of the a. erectus abdominis b. scalenes c. internal intercostals d. parasternal intercostals

b. scalenes

The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the a. vital capacity b. total lung capacity c. tidal volume. d functional residual capacity

b. total lung capacity

When a diver descends 20 meters below sea level, the total atmospheric pressure would be ________ the pressure at sea level. a. double b. triple c. quadruple d. the same as

b. triple

Gas X makes up 15% of a gas mix, at 760 mm Hg, the partial pressure of gas X would be a. 11400 mm Hg b. 1140 mm Hg c. 114 mm Hg d. 646 mm Hg

c. 114 mm Hg

Who's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas in the mixture would exert independently? a. Boyle's Law b. Charles Law c. Dalton's Law d. Henry's Law

c. Dalton's Law

Who's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas? a. Charles Law b. Boyle's Law c. Henrys Law d. Laplace's Law

c. Henry's Law

According to who's law, is the pressure in a small alveolus greater than a large alveolus as long as the surface's tension is equal? a. Boyle's Law b. Dalton's Law c. Laplace's Law d. Henry's Law

c. Laplace's Law

Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting zone? a. primary bronchi b. trachea c. alveoli d. nose

c. alveoli

Blood flow is greatest at ________ of the lungs and perfusion is greatest at the ________ of the lungs a. apex; apex b. apex; base c. base base d. base ; apex

c. base; base

Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by a. smoking b. allergic reactions c. breathing in coal dust d. increased mucus production

c. breathing in coal dust

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy a. is used to treat nitrogen narcosis b. exposes patients to high oxygen under low pressure c. can be used to promote wound healing d would increase the time required to recover from decompression sickness

c. can be used to promote wound healing

Pulmonary arterioles__________ and system arterioles __________ when Po2 is low. a. dilate, dilate b. dilate, constrict c. constrict, dilate d. constrict, constrict

c. constrict, dilate

The anatomical dead space a. is increased by emphysema b. has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than atmospheric wire c. has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air d. is comprised of the respiratory zone

c. has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air

What can be used to treat carbon monoxide poisoning and gangrene? a. hypoventilation b. blood letting c. hyperbaric oxygen therapy d. carbon dioxide therapy

c. hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Quiet expiration is caused by a. contraction of the external intercostals b. contraction of the internal intercostals c. lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure d. contraction of the scalenes

c. lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure

The rhythmicity center is located in the a. pons b. cerebral cortex c. medulla oblongata d. midbrain

c. medulla oblongata

What instrument is used to measure the percent oxyhemoglobin saturation of the blood? a. sphygmomanometer b. spirometer c. pulse oximeter d. stethoscope

c. pulse oximeter

Which of the following is NOT a component of respiration? a. gase exchange b. oxygen utilization c. speech d. ventilation

c. speech

What phospholipid decreases the surface tension of the alveoli? a. mucus b. saliva c. surfactant d. lymph

c. surfactant

Which of the following is true? a. blood in the pulmonary veins is low in oxygen b. blood in the pulmonary veins is high in carbon dioxide c. the oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar wire d. all of the choices are true

c. the oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar air

Normal arterial Po2 is a. 40 mm Hg b. 46 mm Hg c. 85 mm Hg d. 100 mm Hg

d. 100 mm Hg

Normal alveolar Po2 is a. 40 mm Hg b. 46 mm Hg c. 100 mm Hg d. 105 mm Hg

d. 105 mm Hg

Obstructive pulmonary diseases often cause the FEV1 to be decreased by _________ or more. a. 0% b. 5% c. 10% d. 20%

d. 20%

What condition is marked by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the lungs due to permeability changes triggered by the inflammatory response to systemic infection? a. emphysea b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) c. pneumothorax d. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

d. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

An atopic allergic asthmatic would have a. activation of helper T lymphocytes b. production of IgE c. pulmonary eosinphilia d. all of the choices are correct

d. all of the choices are correct

Diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane is rapid because a. there are about 750 square feet of alveoli membrane b. alveoli are one cell thick c. the air-blood barrier is two cells thick d. all of the choices are correct

d. all of the choices are correct

Which muscle's contraction will stimulate inspiration? a. diaphragm b. external intercostals c. parasternal intercostals d. all of the choices are correct

d. all of the choices are correct

Which of the following may result from emphysema a. reduced gas exchange surface are b. air trapping c. cor pulmonale d. all of the choices are correct

d. all of the choices are correct

Breathing 100% oxygen will NOT a. significantly increase the oxygen deliver to tissues b. increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells c. significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood d. both increase the amour of oxygen in red blood cells and significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood

d. both increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells and significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood

Which of the following is an inflammatory cell associated with COPDs but NOT asthma? a. mast cells b. helper T cells c. eosinophils d. cytotoxic T cells

d. cytotoxic T cells

The _______ separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. a. lungs b. liver c. rib cage d. diaphragm

d. diaphragm

What is he condition of having low blood oxygen levels? a. hypocapnia b. hypercapnia c. hypoxia d. hypoxemia

d. hypoxemia

The primary drive to breath is elicited by which of the following: a. reduced Po2 b. reduced Pco2 c. increased Po2 d. increased Pco2

d. increased Pco2

During inspiration, a. alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure b. transpulmonary pressure increases c. the diaphragm relaxes d. intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure

d. intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure

Decompression sickness is caused by ascending to sea level too quickly which results in bubbles of _________ to form in the blood. a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. carbon monoxide d. nitrogen

d. nitrogen

Inhalation and accumulation of particles less than 6 mm in size can cause a. asthma b. emphysema c. cystic fibrosis d. pulmonary fibrosis

d. pulmonary fibrosis

The volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration is the a. tidal volume b. vital capacity c. inspiratory reserve volume d. residual volume

d. residual volume

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a condition associated with premature babies who lack a. a-antitrypsin b. histamine c. type I alveolar cells d. surfactant

d. surfactant

The conduction zone contains all of the following EXCEPT a. the primary bronchi b. the larynx c. the terminal bronchioles d. the respiratory bronchioles

d. the respiratory bronchioles