PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 1-Homeostasis, Biomolecules

A fatty acid that contains three double bonds in its carbon chain is said to be a. polyunsaturated. b. carboxylated. c. monounsaturated. d. hydrogenated. e. saturated.

polunsaturated

A ________ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute. a. cocktail b. compound c. nucleus d. molecule e. solution

solution

Cholesterol is: a. a precursor to steroid hormones and a structural component of cell membranes. b. a precursor to steroid hormones. c. a precursor to steroid hormones, a structural component of cell membranes, and a dangerous fat that is absent from a healthy body. d. a dangerous fat that is absent from a healthy body. e. a structural component of cell membranes.

a precursor to steroid hormones and a structural component of cell membranes

Which compound is hydrophobic? a. Sugar b. Potassium ions (K+) c. Butter d. Table salt

butter

The sequence and number of amino acids in the chain is an example of which of the following levels of protein structure? a. primary b. secondary c. teritiary no d. quaternary e. alpha helix no

???

When an enzyme reaches its saturation point, a. the amount of product produced continues to increase b. the amount of product produced by the enzyme decreases. c. the amount of substrate for the enzyme to act upon is very low and the amount of product produced by the enzyme decreases. d. the amount of substrate for the enzyme to act upon is very high. e. the amount of substrate for the enzyme to act upon is very low.

????not b or c

A component of an important buffer in the human body is a. HCl. b. H2O. c. HCO3-. d. H+. e. NaCl.

HCO3-

Ions with a negative charge are called a. tissues. b. neurons. c. cations. d. anions. e. electrons.

anions

Which of the following is a substance that can moderate the change in pH of a solution? a. buffer b. enzyme c. peptide d. polar compound

buffer

The most abundant type of organic molecule on Earth is the ________. a. carbohydrate b. protein c. nucleic acid d. lipid

carbohydrate

Ions with a positive charge are called a. tissues. b. electrons. c. neurons. d. cations. e. anions.

cations

The fuel molecule cells use to run all their activities is a. vitamins. b. protein. c. starch. d. sucrose. e. glucose.

glucose

Which of the following would be disrupted by changes in free hydrogen ions in solution, thus disrupting the molecule's shape and function? a. covalent bonds b. sodium bonds c. hydrogen bonds d. double bonds e. disulfide bonds

hydrogen bonds

Molecules that readily dissolve in water are called a. hydrophilic b. hydrophobic. c. lipids. d. non-polar. e. isotonic.

hydrophilic

Solutions are formed with water and ________ molecules as solutes which dissolve in them. a. hydrophobic b. hydrophilic c. enzyme d. ligand

hydrophilic

Molecules that do not dissolve well in water are called a. hydrophobic. b. isotonic. c. hydrophilic. d. polar. e. salts.

hydrophobic

HCl (hydrochloric acid) is considered an acid because a. in solution it increases the pH. b. it is similar to ammonia. c. it is able to form hydroxide ions. d. in solution it decreases the concentration of free H+. e. in solution it donates its H+.

in solution it donates its H+

The main homeostatically regulated compartment of the body is __________. a. extracellular fluid b. fluid within neurons in the brain c. fluid within the cavities (lumens) of hollow organs d. intracellular fluid

intracellular fluid

Heating an area of the skin can cause sweat glands in that area to begin producing and releasing sweat. This is an example of what type of control system? a. feedforward control system b. reflex control system c. local control system d. positive feedback loop control system

local control system

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between pH and hydrogen ions? a. pH and hydrogen ions are equivalent. b. pH and hydrogen ions are directly proportional. c. pH and hydrogen ions are inversely proportional. d. pH and hydrogen ions are independent and unrelated. e. pH is always 100 times more than the number of hydrogen ions.

pH and hydrogen ions are inversely proportional

Hemoglobin molecules are made from four globular protein subunits. The three-dimensional shape of these globular subunits would be an example of which of the following levels of protein structure? a. primary b. secondary c. teritiary d. quaternary e. alpha helix

tertiary

Most of the fat found in the human body is in the form of a. prostaglandins. b. monoglycerides. c. triglycerides. d. phospholipids. e. steroids.

triglycerides