Physiology Chapter 6

Molecules move from an area of lower to higher concentration using ATP and specific carrier pumps is?

Active Transport

_____ will occur without the physical separation or across a permeable membrane.

Diffusion

Small, nonpolar lipid soluble molecules will pass ____ through the liquid portions of the membrane. This includes oxygen, and steroid hormones.

Easily

33% is in the ____ compartment. Of this, 20% is in the blood plasma, and 80% is tissue fluid or interstitial fluid.

Extracellular

An _____ environment includes everything located outside the cells. Cells communicate with each other by secreting chemical regulators into the _______ environment.

Extracellular

This is powered by the random movement of molecules, no ATP used.

Facilitated Diffusion

_____ temperatures increase of rate of diffusion

Higher

A solution that contains salt is?

Hypertonic

A ____ is when the concentration of a solute is less outside of the cell then it is on the inside

Hypotonic

Molecules that move from higher to lower concentration using ATP without metabolic energy is?

Passive Transport

This is measured by the number of diffusing particles per unit of time

Rate of diffusion

Number of carrier cells are limited

Saturation

Cells continually generate carbon dioxide and must get rid of it. The mechanism whereby carbon dioxide moves out of the cell is called:

Simple diffusion

Charged ions can pass through ion channels that cross the plasma membrane?

True

If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, there will be no net movement of water.

True

In osmosis, there must be a solute concentration difference on either side of a membrane permeable to water.

True

Red blood cells put in a hypotonic solution will ________________________.

be destroyed by hemolysis.

Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires energy expenditure by the cell.

false

Due to osmosis, water molecules (the blue circles), are traveling (in general) to a region of ____ water concentration. A _____ concentration of solutes will attract water molecules. An _____ in solute concentration would cause a(n) increase in osmotic pressure. Plasma membranes are ______ to water.

lower, higher, increase, permeable.

Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of ____________________.

molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will ________________.

shrink

Red blood cells put in a hypertonic solution will _______________________.

shrivel and become crenated.

When sugar is mixed with water, equilibrium is reached when ____________________________.

the dissolved sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the solution.

Diffusion is one of the processes whereby materials are exchanged between a cell and its environment.

true

Osmosis is best defined as the movement of _____.

water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

How does active transport differ from passive transport?

all of the choices are differences between active and passive transport

67% of our water is within cells in the _____ compartment.

Intracellular

A slice of potato is placed in a hypertonic salt water solution. In a few hours, what would be the appearance of the potato slice?

It would be shriveled.

The average time it will take a solute to diffuse is

Mean diffusion time

In ____ water molecules don't carry a charge, so they can pass through the plasma membrane slowly.

Osmosis

____ is aided my channels in the membrane called aquaporin's

Osmosis

A ligand is _________________________.

a small molecule that binds to a membrane-bound receptor.

Which of the following is a component of passive transport?

can occur with or without a carrier molecule

Facilitated diffusion requires __________________.

carrier proteins.

Facilitated diffusion occurs ____.

in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule.

Which fluid compartment contains water found within body cells?

intracellular compartment

Human erythrocytes function best in a _____.

isotonic solution.

Solutes that can't cross and permit osmosis are called _____

osmotically active

Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?

small nonpolar molecules

The sodium-potassium pump functions to pump _____.

sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.

The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following?

temp, steepness of the concentration gradient size of molecules