plan_1
The passage as a whole could be clarified by adding which of the following before the first sentence? (A) A brief paragraph comparing Native American timekeeping methods with calendar-based ones (B)An excerpt of an interview with a Lakota keeper of the winter counts (C)An analysis of how certain events make time seem longer than it really is (D)An example of a student who learned about her Native American background and became a keeper of winter counts (E)A discussion of how winter is viewed differently in different cultures
(A) A brief paragraph comparing Native American timekeeping methods with calendar-based ones
Which of the following revisions is most needed in sentence 9 (reproduced below)? The San Francisco Chronicle notes that bottled water costs 240 to 10,000 times more than tap water and that "forty percent of bottled water should be labeled bottled tap water because that is exactly what it is." (A)Add the source of the material quoted in the sentence. (B)Change "costs" to "cost". (C)Add "money" after "more". (D)Change "forty" to "40". (E)Add a colon before the first quotation mark.
(A)Add the source of the material quoted in the sentence.
What kind of information would provide the best support for the claim made in sentence 9? (A)Data from a newspaper article about sales trends in the graphic novel genre over the last few years (B)Results of a survey of the writer's classmates to find out how many have purchased graphic novels in the last year (C)A quote from a scholarly article analyzing gender trends in the publishing industry (D)Customer review comments from an online bookseller's Web site (E)Blog posts from enthusiastic readers of graphic novels
(A)Data from a newspaper article about sales trends in the graphic novel genre over the last few years
Richard Wright once acted in a film version of his novel Native Son, playing the role of Bigger Thomas. (A)Son, playing (B)Son, he played (C)Son, what he played was (D)Son and while he played (E)Son, which he played
(A)Son, playing
Wacker, Peter. Virtual Field Trip: New Brunswick Area, Raritan South Bank. Rutgers U Geography Dept., 1997. Web.8Dec.2003.<http://geography.rutgers.edu/resources/ vrtrip/index.html>.In the citation, what information is provided by "8 Dec. 2003"? (A)The date the information was accessed on the Internet (B)The date the virtual field trip was placed on a Web site (C)The date the article on New Brunswick was published in a print journal (D)The last time the Web site showing the virtual field trip was updated (E)The date the virtual field trip was filed with the Rutgers University Geography Department
(A)The date the information was accessed on the Internet
Which of the following transition words or phrases, if inserted at the beginning of sentence 2 (reproduced below), would be most logical in the context of the passage? Many people would be surprised to learn that the most influential embodiment of this archetype was created by a nineteenth-century teenager. (A)Therefore, (B)Similarly, (C)Nevertheless, (D)In contrast, (E)Likewise,
(A)Therefore,
The passage is primarily concerned with (A)arguing for a particular view of a topic (B)explaining how common misconceptions occur (C)detailing the uses of chocolate (D)exploring how certain cultures adapted foods (E)refuting a particular academic theory
(A)arguing for a particular view of a topic
In context, sentence 4 serves to (A)describe part of the process mentioned in sentence 3 (B)explain why a cheaper process for developing paper was required in the nineteenth century (C)explain why adding a particular agent to wood pulp makes papermaking more expensive (D)counter the claim about the oldest books made in sentence 2 (E)indicate how a particular process affected the book market in the nineteenth century
(A)describe part of the process mentioned in sentence 3
The final paragraph (sentences 10-13) could best be developed by (A)elaborating on the negative effects of current methods used to control zebra mussels (B)explaining how researchers determined that zebra mussels were brought to North America in the ballast water of ships (C)adding information about differences between zebra mussels and mussel species native to the Great Lakes (D)explaining how the chemicals currently used to control zebra mussels are manufactured (E)adding information about other invasive species in the Great Lakes and the economic damage they cause
(A)elaborating on the negative effects of current methods used to control zebra mussels
Which of the following, if added immediately after sentence 6, would most improve the first paragraph? (A)A description of one of the characters in Smith's graphic novel (B)An explanation of how Smith's quotation helps support the main idea of the paragraph (C)A quote from another source that agrees with Smith (D)A quote from a review of Smith's graphic novel (E)An explanation of why Smith became a writer
(B)An explanation of how Smith's quotation helps support the main idea of the paragraph
In context, which of the following is the best revision to sentence 3 (reproduced below)? It takes 1.5 million barrels of oil a year to make the plastic water bottles Americans use, and the production of these bottles, many of them made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), pollutes the atmosphere (Williams). (A)Begin the sentence with "However,". (B)Begin the sentence with "For one thing,". (C)Change "It takes" to "They take". (D)Change "production of these bottles" to "producing such bottles". (E)Delete "(Williams)" and begin the sentence with "Williams says".
(B)Begin the sentence with "For one thing,".
In context, which of the following versions of the underlined portion of sentence 1 (reproduced below) is best? Americans enjoy some of the safest free drinking water on Earth, however spending $15 billion on bottled water in 2006, and consumption is rising (Fishman). (A)Earth, however spending (B)Earth, yet they spent (C)Earth; but spending (D)Earth; having spent (E)Earth, instead they spend
(B)Earth, yet they spent
In context, which is best to add to the beginning of sentence 13? (A)Or, (B)In addition, (C)Despite this, (D)However, (E)Not to mention,
(B)In addition,
Which of the following best describes sentence 1? (A)It parodies an image that is taken seriously by many people. (B)It discusses a well-known image in its current context. (C)It states the thesis of the discussion to follow. (D)It explores the connections between history and fantasy. (E)It describes opposing views of a particular image.
(B)It discusses a well-known image in its current context.
Deleting which of the following sentences would most improve the coherence of the passage? (A)Sentence 2 (B)Sentence 4 (C)Sentence 9 (D)Sentence 10 (E)Sentence 15
(B)Sentence 4
Which of the following would make the most logical title for the passage? (A)Transportation Woes (B)The Problem with Bottled Water (C)Issues of the Environment and Consumption (D)The Benefits of Tap Water Consumption (E)Ways and Means of Saving Energy and Drinking Less
(B)The Problem with Bottled Water
According to the passage, the scarcity in Spain of certain flowers led to (A)attempts to cultivate those flowers in Spain (B)a modification of the Mesoamerican recipe for chocolate (C)the replacement of honey with sugar in chocolate recipes (D)the exportation of quantities of those flowers to Spain (E)the introduction of European spices to Spain
(B)a modification of the Mesoamerican recipe for chocolate
Although Red Canyon, Utah, is largely devoid of trees, but small coniferous plots of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir exist in areas where moisture is available. (A)is largely devoid of trees, but (B)is largely devoid of trees, (C)largely devoid of trees, (D)being largely devoid of trees, (E)is largely devoid of trees, and
(B)is largely devoid of trees,
Allen, A.T. (2011). Gender, professionalization, and the child in the progressive era. Journal of Women's History, 23 (2), 112-136. In the citation shown, "(2)" indicates that (A)there were two volumes of the Journal of Women's History published in 2011 (B)the article appears in the second issue of volume 23 of the Journal of Women's History (C)there are two articles by A.T. Allen in volume 23 of the Journal of Women's History (D)"Gender, professionalization, and the child in the progressive era" has more than one author (E)"Gender, professionalization, and the child in the progressive era" appears in both print and online versions
(B)the article appears in the second issue of volume 23 of the Journal of Women's History
The following excerpt is taken from a student's research paper. The principles of the separation of church and state and the right to practice religion freely are both supported by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof " (qtd. in Dye n.d.). The letters "n.d." mean that (A)the source has several publication dates (B)the date of the publication is unavailable (C)the quotation is from section n.d. of a source by Dye (D)a new paragraph begins here in the quotation (E)the quotation is from section n.d. of the Constitution
(B)the date of the publication is unavailable
Norman, Brian. "Bringing Malcolm X to Hollywood." The Cambridge Companion to Malcolm X. Ed. Robert E. Terrill. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2010. 39-50. In the citation shown, "39-50" indicates that (A)The Cambridge Companion to Malcolm X has 50 volumes (B)"Bringing Malcolm X to Hollywood" appears in the 2010 issue of Cambridge UP (C)"Bringing Malcolm X to Hollywood" is approximately 12 pages long (D)"Bringing Malcolm X to Hollywood" is the 39th of 50 articles (E)Robert E. Terrill is the author of an article that appears on pages 39-50
(C)"Bringing Malcolm X to Hollywood" is approximately 12 pages long
The first item listed in the References section indicates all of the following EXCEPT that (A)"Great Lakes: Resources at risk" is around nine pages long (B)"Great Lakes: Resources at risk" was written by S. Fields (C)"Great Lakes: Resources at risk" appears on page 113 of Environmental Health Perspectives (D)"Great Lakes: Resources at risk" is an article in a periodical (E)Environmental Health Perspectives is published more than once a year
(C)"Great Lakes: Resources at risk" appears on page 113 of Environmental Health Perspectives
sloth n. 1. Aversion to work or exertion; laziness, indolence. 2. Any of various slow-moving, arboreal, edendate mammals of the family Bradypodidae of South and Central America, having long hooklike claws, by which they hang upside down from tree branches, and feeding on leaves, buds, and fruits, especially: a. A member of the genus Bradypus, having three long-clawed toes on each forefoot. Also called ai, three-toed sloth. b. A member of the genus Choloepus, having two toes on each forefoot. Also called two-toed sloth, unau. 3. A company of bears. See synonyms at flock. [Middle English slowth, from slow, slow.] Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the definition above? (A)The word "sloth" has both abstract and concrete meanings. (B)One meaning of "sloth" has negative connotations. (C)"Slowth" was a word used in Middle English. (D)All sloths have three long-clawed toes. (E)The word "sloth" can refer to bears.
(C)"Slowth" was a word used in Middle English.
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage as a whole? (A)An approach is presented and found to be unreliable. (B)A procedure is introduced and then described in more detail. (C)A phenomenon is described and an explanation is provided. (D)A problem is presented and two solutions are evaluated. (E)A theory is proposed and challenged with new evidence.
(C)A phenomenon is described and an explanation is provided.
Which of the following would be the best sentence with which to end the passage? (A)People mistakenly think bottled water is purer or tastes better than tap water. (B)Many newspapers have recently published stories about environmentalists' efforts to persuade the public to stop buying bottled water. (C)Clearly, we can all do a lot to eliminate an unnecessary environmental hazard just by turning on the tap instead of buying bottled water. (D)Plastic bottles provide a convenient way to carry water, and people do need to drink extra water in hot weather. (E)While some kinds of bottled water are carbonated, Americans generally prefer noncarbonated brands.
(C)Clearly, we can all do a lot to eliminate an unnecessary environmental hazard just by turning on the tap instead of buying bottled water.
The information in parentheses in sentence 6 informs the reader that (A)Fields conducted research in 2005 about how to protect native mussel species (B)information about invasive species other than zebra mussels can be found in a source written by Fields (C)Fields has written a work that provides information about zebra mussels' effects on native mussel populations (D)the sentence is a direct quote from a work written by Fields (E)information about the impact of invasive species on native aquatic populations can be found on page 2005 of a work by Fields
(C)Fields has written a work that provides information about zebra mussels' effects on native mussel populations
In context, which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 7 and 8 (reproduced below)? One person was the keeper of the winter count. Once the group made its selection, he then recorded this event. (A)One person, being the keeper of the winter count, he then recorded the event once the group made its selection. (B)One person was the keeper of the winter count, he then recorded the event once they made their selection. (C)Once the group had made its selection, one person, the keeper of the winter count, recorded it. (D)The keeper of the winter count was one person, and, when the group made its selection, he then recorded it. (E)Recording the event when the group finally selected it, the winter count
(C)Once the group had made its selection, one person, the keeper of the winter count, recorded it.
Which of the following pieces of information, if added to the second paragraph (sentences 5-9), would most effectively advance the writer's argument? (A)Biographical information about Mike Murray (B)Information about the life span of the zebra mussel (C)Specific figures to illustrate the economic harm caused by zebra mussels (D)Information about how power and sewage plants are designed (E)A comparison of the revenues generated by commercial fishing and sportfishing in the Great Lakes region
(C)Specific figures to illustrate the economic harm caused by zebra mussels
Which is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence 5 (reproduced below)? Scholars generally agree that collectively, probably, they chose which event would stand for a year. (A)what event would stand for a year was probably decided as a collective (B)collectively the Lakota Indians probably chose the event for its year (C)choosing the event that would stand for a year was probably a collective effort (D)it was probably a collective task, they all chose the event to stand for a year (E)the event that would stand for a yea
(C)choosing the event that would stand for a year was probably a collective effort
During his lifetime Edward Burne-Jones was known primarily as a painter, but since his death he received greater recognition for his contributions to the field of decorative design. (A)he received (B)he was receiving (C)he has received (D)having received (E)receiving
(C)he has received
Sentence 5 primarily serves to (A)reveal the subtleties of an adaptation (B)underscore the significance of a text (C)highlight a neglected aspect of a text (D)defend a cherished point of view (E)extend an analysis about an author
(C)highlight a neglected aspect of a text
In context, which is the best replacement for "showing" in sentence 1? (A)producing (B)appearing (C)representing (D)explaining (E)signaling
(C)representing
The word "Print" that appears at the end of the citation in the Works Cited section indicates that (A)the article is from a newspaper (B)Pop Culture Monthly does not publish an online version (C)the article is from a paper version of Pop Culture Monthly (D)the author of the article is also its publisher (E)the article is available in a large print version
(C)the article is from a paper version of Pop Culture Monthly
Doubting the authenticity of the paintings, there was an appraisal of the collection made for the dealer by a recognized expert. (A)there was an appraisal of the collection made for the dealer (B)the collection was taken by the dealer to be appraised (C)the dealer had the collection appraised (D)the dealer decided on appraising the collection (E)an appraisal of the collection was made for the dealer
(C)the dealer had the collection appraised
Akmajian, Adrian, et al. Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication. 6th ed. Cambridge: MIT P, 2010. Print. In the citation shown, "et al." indicates that the book was (A)published in Cambridge (B)edited by Adrian Akmajian (C)written by several authors (D)first published in 2010 (E)an introduction to the fifth edition
(C)written by several authors
Which of the following is cited in sentence 3? (A) A newspaper (B) A scientific journal (C) A Web site (D) A book (E) A magazine
(D) A book
In context, which of the following revisions must be made to sentence 3 (reproduced below)? People could keep track of other events, such as births and deaths, by knowing the years in which it occurred. (A)Add "Ordinarily" to the beginning of the sentence. (B)Change "could" to "would". (C)Change "such as" to "like". (D)Change "it" to "they". (E)Add "had" before "occurred".
(D)Change "it" to "they".
Which of the following sentences is best to add after sentence 6? (A)Historians should look at several winter counts, looking out for repeated images, in order to get better information. (B)The drawings were sometimes arranged in a spiral, reading out from the center; sometimes in page form, reading from top to bottom, left to right. (C)However, winter counts helped the people keep their oral history in chronological order. (D)For example, one year might be named for a war, while another might be named for a meteor shower. (E)Winter counts show that conflict was the norm for many Native Americans.
(D)For example, one year might be named for a war, while another might be named for a meteor shower.
Which would be the best place to insert the following sentence?Many of the bottles of water that will be sold to Americans must first be transported from sources all over the world. (A)Immediately after sentence 1 (B)Immediately after sentence 2 (C)Immediately after sentence 4 (D)Immediately after sentence 6 (E)Immediately after sentence 8
(D)Immediately after sentence 6
Which is best to do with sentence 3 (reproduced below)? Many libraries, which would once never have dreamed of including comic books on their shelves, are now "only too happy to include graphic novels." (A)Delete it from the passage. (B)Remove the quotation marks. (C)Include examples of specific libraries. (D)Indicate the source of the material in quotation marks with a citation. (E)Provide the names of some of the graphic novels that are available in libraries.
(D)Indicate the source of the material in quotation marks with a citation.
Which of the following revisions would most emphasize the purpose of sentence 7 (reproduced below)? Water is shipped to the United States from as far away as Fiji on freighters and then hauled in trucks to its destinations. (A)Insert "It is true that" at the beginning of the sentence. (B)Change "as far away as Fiji" to "places like Fiji". (C)Change "freighters" to "boats" and "trucks" to "vehicles". (D)Insert "fuel-burning" before "freighters" and "inefficient" before "trucks". (E)Insert "ships called" before "freighters" and "various" before "destinations".
(D)Insert "fuel-burning" before "freighters" and "inefficient" before "trucks".
In the Works Cited section, the number 7 indicates which of the following? (A)The article is seven pages long. (B)The article appears on page 7. (C)The article was published in July. (D)The article appears in volume 7 of Pop Culture Monthly. (E)The volume of Pop Culture Monthly in which the article appears contains seven articles.
(D)The article appears in volume 7 of Pop Culture Monthly.
The more frequently portrayed movie character of all time, the fictional figure of Sherlock Holmes has appeared in approximately 200 films. (A)The more frequently (B)The more frequent (C)The most frequent (D)The most frequently (E)He is the most frequently
(D)The most frequently
The final project in graduate school is the dissertation, which requires months of research where they must amass and interpret data important to the project. (A)where they (B)through which they (C)and the student (D)during which the student (E)which they
(D)during which the student
The author of the passage quotes Murray in sentence 7 most likely in order to (A)provide information about other invasive species in the Great Lakes (B)suggest that scientists have underestimated the damage done to the Great Lakes by zebra mussels (C)point out that invasive species can affect many different kinds of environments (D)emphasize the effects that zebra mussels have had on the Great Lakes ecosystem (E)illustrate the nature of the food web in the Great Lakes
(D)emphasize the effects that zebra mussels have had on the Great Lakes ecosystem
The author's primary purpose in mentioning Presumption in sentence 4 is to (A)identify a way in which Shelley's time differed from our own (B)show that most people enjoy dramatizations more than novels (C)suggest that Shelley's story has been debased by later adaptations (D)illustrate a point about the effect of a drama's popularity on the publication of Shelley's novel (E)make an argument about nineteenth-century theatrical adaptations of popular novels
(D)illustrate a point about the effect of a drama's popularity on the publication of Shelley's novel
Which of the following versions of the underlined portion of sentence 6 (reproduced below) is best? It is not only the manufacture and disposal of water bottles that contribute to the harm it causes the environment. (A)it caused (B)its having caused (C)causing (D)they cause (E)these bottles, they cause these bottles, they cause
(D)they cause
Which is best to do with sentence 7 (reproduced below)? Environmental chemist Mike Murray claims, "As invasive species like zebra mussels overwhelm the Great Lakes, large stretches of the lakes have become underwater deserts." (A)Leave it as it is. (B)Paraphrase Murray's comment rather than quote it directly. (C)Add information in parentheses explaining Murray's claim. (D)Provide Murray's credentials as a scientist. (E)Add a citation indicating the source of the quotation from Murray.
(E)Add a citation indicating the source of the quotation from Murray.
In context, where should the following sentence be placed? Without the keeper and the vast amount of historical information stored in his memory, the winter counts would be little more than a cryptic list of years. (A)After sentence 1 (B)After sentence 3 (C)After sentence 5 (D)After sentence 12 (E)After sentence 13
(E)After sentence 13
Which of the following should be done with the underlined portion of sentence 5 (reproduced below)? PET is recyclable, and over 85 percent of these bottles end up in landfills, where they can take as long as 1,000 years to degrade (Niman). (A)Leave it as it is. (B)Change it to "If PET were recyclable, then". (C)Change it to "True, PET is recyclable, with". (D)Change it to "In addition, PET is recyclable as". (E)Change it to "Furthermore, although PET is recyclable,".
(E)Change it to "Furthermore, although PET is recyclable,".
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the final paragraph (sentences 10-13)? (A)It explains why the "skeptics" mentioned in the second paragraph are correct. (B)It points out that the phenomenon introduced in the first paragraph can be easily controlled. (C)It presents information to refute an argument presented in the first paragraph. (D)It elaborates on the causes of a problem presented in the first and second paragraphs. (E)It details various solutions to a problem discussed in the first and second paragraphs.
(E)It details various solutions to a problem discussed in the first and second paragraphs.
The word "Curiously" in sentence 2 is meant to address which of the following assumptions? (A)Old artifacts tend to be more valuable than recently produced ones. (B)Environmental factors such as humidity often have unforeseen effects. (C)Cheaper production processes usually result in lower-quality products. (D)All manufactured objects are inevitably subject to decay. (E)Older objects are likely to disintegrate before objects created more recently.
(E)Older objects are likely to disintegrate before objects created more recently.
Award-winning author Virginia Hamilton, whose books established her as one of the most influential figures in children's literature in the twentieth century. (A)Award-winning author Virginia Hamilton, whose books (B)Award-winning author Virginia Hamilton, her books (C)Virginia Hamilton was an award-winning author, books by her (D)The books of Virginia Hamilton, award-winning author, these (E)The books of award-winning author Virginia Hamilton
(E)The books of award-winning author Virginia Hamilton
The sting of a scorpion may be as dangerous as the bite of a cobra despite the quantity of venom a scorpion injects is much smaller. (A)cobra despite the quantity of venom a scorpion injects (B)cobra; therefore, the quantity of venom a scorpion injects (C)cobra, a scorpion injecting a quantity of venom that (D)cobra; if the quantity of venom injected by a scorpion (E)cobra even though the quantity of venom injected by a scorpion
(E)cobra even though the quantity of venom injected by a scorpion
In context, "common" (sentence 2) most nearly means (A)simplistic (B)uninspired (C)average (D)trite (E)prevalent
(E)prevalent
The discussion of honey in sentence 4 primarily serves to (A)detail the origins of an innovative practice (B)present an example of a valid theory (C)introduce a new topic for discussion (D)extend a prior analogy (E)refute a particular belief
(E)refute a particular
According to a recent survey of consumers in the United States, more people now shop online as compared to shopping in physical stores. (A)as compared to shopping (B)as opposed to shopping (C)than when they shop (D)than shopping (E)than
(E)than
Although most of the tourists who come to the city each year visit only the famous landmarks, but some of the more adventurous venture into less familiar territory.
A- Although most
If one has trouble swallowing tablets or capsules, you could try taking medicine in liquid form.
A- one has
The union was not opposed against a compromise as long as its basic right to collective bargaining was respected.
A- opposed against
The orbits of comets in our solar system are much more eccentric than planet Earth , which revolves around the Sun following a relatively circular path.
B- than planet Earth
The cooking instructor informed us that by the end of the course, we will have acquired basic skills in chopping, searing, and to make sauces. (A)we will have acquired basic skills in chopping, searing, and to make sauces (B)we will have acquired basic skills in chopping, to sear, and making sauces (C)e will have acquired basic skills in chopping, searing, and making sauces (D)to chop, sear, and to make sauces will have been the basic skills acquired by us (E)chopping, searing, and making sauces is what we will have acquired basic skills in
C)e will have acquired basic skills in chopping, searing, and making sauces
Because they do not thrive in the shade, aspen trees benefit indirectly from forest fires, which creates open areas for saplings to grow in the sunlight.
C- creates
Studying plants in the laboratory under strictly controlled conditions providing a useful but limited view of the way that these plants function in an ecosystem. No error
C- providing
Among the Native Americans first encountered by Europeans during the seventeenth century was the Algonquin Indians. No error
D- Was
Many of the dozens of miniature portraits of Henry VIII by the artist Hans Holbein were painted on the backs of a playing card .
D- a playing card
First recorded 3,000 years ago, the migration of many species of birds in the Northern Hemisphere occurs annually every year .
D- annually every year
During her first year in medical school, Joanne came to the realization that she was more interested in doing research than to treat patients.
D- to treat
Even though he had some doubts about democracy, Thomas Jefferson did have faith with representative government.
D- with
Although most people are not really familiar with the agency called Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is highly respected among medical professionals worldwide. No error
E- No Error
