plant science exam 4
in the nitrogen cycle, atmospheric N is fixed by what two methods
Rhizobium & lightening
the disease triangle concept requires _________ all to be present in order for a disease to develop
a virulent pathogen, a susceptible host and a supportive environment
plants absorb mineral nutrients against high concentration gradient by
active transport
what is not a result in soil degradation
addition of organic matter
the ability of water to resist a change in pH is known as
alkalinity
ions moving into the plant move by ______ movement before they have to enter the plasma membrane and by __________ movement through the membrane
apoplastic, symplastic
fertigation is the practice of
applying fertilizer in the irrigation water
the basic strategies for managing insects, diseases, and weeds
are very similar to each other
visual nutrient deficiency symptoms
can be misleading due to similarity with other plant disorders
quarantine eradication programs may be useful in
controlling invasive weed species
transpiration serves hat 2 critical functions in the plant
cooling, mineral uptake
herbicide, pesticide, fungicide mode of action
describes the way the material controls its target organisms biochemical processes
the osmotic potential of soil water is caused by
dissolved salts in the soil water
method of irrigation considered to be the most efficient with respect to the use of water
drip irrigation
the haber-bosch process for manufacturing ammonia fertilizer
has to occur at high temperature and high pressure
what characteristic allow water to absorb a large amount of heat without a large increase in temperature
high specific heat
available water to plants from the soil
is between field capacity and permanent wilting point
carrier portions involved in active transport of ions are generally
membrane intrinsic protiens
give the correct order for progressively reducing the size of soil lumps
moldboard plow, disk harrow, harrow
what is NOT a method of improving soil conservation
pasteurization
when using biological controls for insects
pesticides can be used with caution regarding the biological being used
N, P, &K are considered to be
plant macronutrients
the application of herbicide after planting but before weed emergence
pre-emergence
automated irrigation systems often utilize tensiometers, which measure:
soil moisture
which is not a role of phosphorus in the plant
structure of fatty acids
the _________ are visual indications of plant reactions to a pathogen, while _________ are visual indications that a pathogen is present
symptoms, signs
mycorrhizal fungi are useful because
the absorb P from the soil and deliver it to the plant in exchange for carbohydrates
what is not important information to use when determining the correct amount of fertilizer to apply to a given field
the amount used by a neighboring producer in a different field
whites not a good reason for encouraging the integration of wetlands to cropping systems
the government says we should do it
what complicates soil conservation practices
the need for more food and fiber to feed the world
integrated plant health management to minimize the impacts of weeds, diseases, and pests involves
the use of multiple methods of control
the mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favorable plant growth is called
tillage
the physical condition of the soil with respect to its capability to provide a good environment for optimizing crop production is known as
tilth
mineralization and nitrification result in
transformation of organic nitrogen and into inorganic nitrogen
capillary rise explains how
water can move upward through soil