plant science exam 4

in the nitrogen cycle, atmospheric N is fixed by what two methods

Rhizobium & lightening

the disease triangle concept requires _________ all to be present in order for a disease to develop

a virulent pathogen, a susceptible host and a supportive environment

plants absorb mineral nutrients against high concentration gradient by

active transport

what is not a result in soil degradation

addition of organic matter

the ability of water to resist a change in pH is known as

alkalinity

ions moving into the plant move by ______ movement before they have to enter the plasma membrane and by __________ movement through the membrane

apoplastic, symplastic

fertigation is the practice of

applying fertilizer in the irrigation water

the basic strategies for managing insects, diseases, and weeds

are very similar to each other

visual nutrient deficiency symptoms

can be misleading due to similarity with other plant disorders

quarantine eradication programs may be useful in

controlling invasive weed species

transpiration serves hat 2 critical functions in the plant

cooling, mineral uptake

herbicide, pesticide, fungicide mode of action

describes the way the material controls its target organisms biochemical processes

the osmotic potential of soil water is caused by

dissolved salts in the soil water

method of irrigation considered to be the most efficient with respect to the use of water

drip irrigation

the haber-bosch process for manufacturing ammonia fertilizer

has to occur at high temperature and high pressure

what characteristic allow water to absorb a large amount of heat without a large increase in temperature

high specific heat

available water to plants from the soil

is between field capacity and permanent wilting point

carrier portions involved in active transport of ions are generally

membrane intrinsic protiens

give the correct order for progressively reducing the size of soil lumps

moldboard plow, disk harrow, harrow

what is NOT a method of improving soil conservation

pasteurization

when using biological controls for insects

pesticides can be used with caution regarding the biological being used

N, P, &K are considered to be

plant macronutrients

the application of herbicide after planting but before weed emergence

pre-emergence

automated irrigation systems often utilize tensiometers, which measure:

soil moisture

which is not a role of phosphorus in the plant

structure of fatty acids

the _________ are visual indications of plant reactions to a pathogen, while _________ are visual indications that a pathogen is present

symptoms, signs

mycorrhizal fungi are useful because

the absorb P from the soil and deliver it to the plant in exchange for carbohydrates

what is not important information to use when determining the correct amount of fertilizer to apply to a given field

the amount used by a neighboring producer in a different field

whites not a good reason for encouraging the integration of wetlands to cropping systems

the government says we should do it

what complicates soil conservation practices

the need for more food and fiber to feed the world

integrated plant health management to minimize the impacts of weeds, diseases, and pests involves

the use of multiple methods of control

the mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favorable plant growth is called

tillage

the physical condition of the soil with respect to its capability to provide a good environment for optimizing crop production is known as

tilth

mineralization and nitrification result in

transformation of organic nitrogen and into inorganic nitrogen

capillary rise explains how

water can move upward through soil