PLTW: PBS Final

A

A CSI agent should be Select one: a. open-minded, inquisitive, and good at solving mysteries b. very fast at collecting evidence, even if sloppy technique sometimes occurs c. judgmental and bias of people d. willing to work 9-5 hours only

Lipid

A ____ contains three fatty acids and a glycerol

monosaccharide

A _________ is a carbohydrate

valve

A _________ is a structure that temporarily closes a passage or orifice causing fluid to flow in only one direction.

microbiology

A branch of biology dealing especially with microscopic forms of life (as bacteria, protozoans, viruses, and fungi).

phagocyte

A cell (as a white blood cell) that engulfs and consumes foreign material (as microorganisms) and debris

immunity

A condition of being able to resist a particular disease, especially through preventing development of a pathogenic microorganism or by counteracting the effects of its products

bacillus

A cylindrical or rod-shaped bacterium

B

A degradive enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA is called: Select one: a. Taq polymerase b. restriction enzyme c. amylase d. polymorphism

D

A diabetes meal plan Select one: a. allows you to have sweets anytime you want b. is a diet that requires many special foods that you need to find only at select stores c. does not allow you to have any starches d. must be individualized to meet your needs

gram stain

A method for the differential staining of bacteria that involves fixing the bacterial cells to a slide and staining with crystal violet and iodine, then washing with alcohol, and counterstaining with safranin.

Helminth

A parasitic worm (as a tapeworm, liver fluke, ascarid, or leech).

Normal

A person who is a carrier (heterozygous) of the sickle cell trait has ____ hemoglobin

Coroner

A person who works for a local government that decides whether an autopsy needs to be performed or not is known as a ________.

aseptic technique

A procedure performed under sterile conditions

coccus

A spherical bacterium

Spirillum

A spiral-shaped bacterium

Angioplasty

A tiny balloon inserted to keep a passageway open into a blood vessel is called a (an) ____________.

B lymphocyte

A type of lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus.

T lymphocyte

A type of lymphocyte that develops in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies

Mitral valve

A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle; prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium

pancreas, insulin, glucose

After a meal, glucose levels increase in the blood causing _________ to release ____________ hormone which targets all cells to uptake _________ from the blood

1.5

After death, a body will lose heat at a rate of approximately __ degrees per hour until it reaches the temperature of the surrounding environment.

antibody

An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that functions as the effector in an immune response

C

An experiment: 10 people are at rest and their blood pressure is taken using a blood pressure device. Then, you have these 10 people do 50 jumping jacks and measure the blood pressures again. What is the DEPENDENT variable? Select one: a. resting prior to the experiment b. 10 people c. the blood pressure d. the exercise / jumping jacks

sphygmomanometer

An instrument for measuring blood pressure and especially arterial blood pressure.

Hemoglobin

An iron-containing protein that binds oxygen and is the primary component of erythrocytes.

virus

Any of a large group of submicroscopic infective agents that typically contain a protein coat surrounding an RNA or DNA core of genetic material but no semipermeable membrane, that are capable of growth and multiplication only in living cells, and that cause various important diseases in humans, animals, or plants

protozoan

Any protist of the phylum or subkingdom Protozoa

Electrons

Atoms are held together with other atoms through the works of _________.

contagious

Communicable by contact

Wider

Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease is _____ (thinner or wider?)

increase

Exercise will ____ HDL

Dominant

Familial Hypercholesterolemia is a __________ trait.

D

Given the DNA strand GAATTCCTCGAG, what would be the complimentary strand to make the double stranded DNA? Select one: a. None of these are correct b. AGGCCTTCTAGA c. GAATTCCTCGAG d. CTTAAGGAGCTC

positive

Gram ____ has a thick cell wall

HDL, LDL

High ___ and low ___ lipoproteins would be considered healthy for people.

D

How can blood at a death scene be analyzed? Select one: a. size of blood droplets can indicate height at which it fell b. patterns may be found indicating a specific weapon used c. patterns of splatter can be measured and provide clues to event that previously occurred d. all of these are correct

46

How many chromosomes are there in one cell of the human body?

Circular

If blood droplets fall from directly above, it will leave a ________ stain.

hypertonic, leave

If the blood surrounding the cell has a high concentration of glucose, the cell is in a _____ solution and water will ___ the cell

hypotonic, enter

If the blood surrounding the cell has a high concentration of water and very little glucose, the cell is in a _____ solution and water will ___ the cell

B

In DNA profiling by gel electrophoresis, DNA is separated on the basis of _____. Select one: a. electrical charge of the DNA molecule itself because some DNA will be + and some will be - b. number of base pairs (BP) in the fragment (RFLP) c. race of the individual d. gender of the individual

1

In Type _ Diabetes, the body cannot make insulin

affected female

In a pedigree, a filled in circle represents a(an) ____ _____

Nonspecific

Inflammation, Skin, Mucus, and Cilia are all part of your ___ immunity

Positive

Injured tissue releases chemical signmals that activate platelets in the blood. An acitvated platelet releases more chemicals to activate MORE platelets, causing a rapid cascade and the formation of a blood clot. This is an example of _________ feedback.

Beta cells

Insulin is released from the ____ ____ in the pancreas

Negative

It's been awhile since your last meal and your blood sugar is low. This causes a release of glucagon. Glucagon mobilizes the glucose that has been stored in your liver and muscles. This release of stored glucose (glycogen) causes your blood sugar levels to rise back to normal. This is an example of _________ feedback.

brown paper bag

Lipids can be tested using what?

Benedict's solution

Macromolecules can be tested using what?

Heterozygous

Organisms that have two different alleles for a particular trait are said to be _______

increase

PCR is used to exponentially _____________ the amount of DNA in a sample.

Patient 1 - Type 1 Patient 2 - Type 2

Patient 1's pancreas does not produce insulin but they take insulin shots and watch their diet in order to maintain normal blood glucose levels. Patient 2 has consistently high blood glucose levels, but their pancreas is functioning normally. Which is the best diagnosis?

Systolic

Pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels when the heart is pumping.

Diastolic

Pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels when the heart is relaxed.

Biurut's solution

Protein can be tested using what?

fungus

Saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll and include molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts

bacteria

Single-celled microorganisms that are often aggregated into colonies or motile by means of flagella, typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals, are usually autotrophic, saprophytic, or parasitic in nutrition, and are noted for their biochemical effects and pathogenicity

Lugol's iodine

Starch can be tested using what?

B

Symptoms of diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT __________ Select one: a. fatigue b. decreased urination c. glucose in the urine d. increased thirst

Specific

T Cells, B Cells, and Antibodies are all part of your ____ immunity

EKG

Test that measures the electrical activity of the heart.

hemoglobin

The ______ molecule contains 4 subunits--2 alpha 2 beta

peptidoglycan

The bacterial cell wall is composed of which protein?

systole, diastole

The cardiac cycle contains ____ and _____

Decreased, increased

The effect of narrowed arteries on a person's blood flow and blood pressure would be ____ flow and _____pressure

C

The figure shows the structure of a(an) Select one: a. protein b. amino acid c. DNA molecule d. RNA molecule

Hemoglobin

The function of ____ is to carry oxygen to tissues

oxygen

The function of an erythrocyte is to carry _____

4

The human heart is made out of muscle and has _ chambers.

aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

D

The medical examiner measured the internal body temperature to be 83.4˚F at 10:00pm. Using the Glaister Equation, when did this person likely die? Glaister Equation: 98.4 - measured rectal temperature / 1.5 = approximate hours since death Select one: a. 2:00 PM b. 1:00 PM c. 11:00 AM d. noon (12:00 pm) e. 10:00 AM

Pericardium

The membrane that encloses the heart.

11

The mutation for sickle cell anemia can be found on Chromosome __

Heart rate

The number of beats (contractions of the heart muscle) in one minute.

A

The outermost layer of hair is called the Select one: a. cuticle b. keratin c. medulla d. cortex

sinoatrial

The pacemaker of the heart is the __________ node.

D

The smaller the DNA fragment, Select one: a. the fewer bands you'll see on the stained gel b. harder it is to move down the gel c. the more bands you'll see on the stained gel d. the further it moves down the gel

systole

The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle contracts and the chambers pump blood.

infection

The state produced by the establishment of an infective agent in or on a suitable host

left ventricle

The wall of the _____ _______ is thicker because it has to pump oxygenated blood to the whole body.

transmission

The way a microbial organism moves from one host to another

False

True or False: A 911 Operator must be voted for their position

False

True or False: All bacteria cause infectious diseases.

False

True or False: An autopsy is performed by a coroner.

True

True or False: Food, exercise, diabetes medication and stress can affect the blood sugar level.

True

True or False: Gram positive bacteria have more peptidoglycan in their cell wall than gram negative bacteria.

True

True or False: HDL is like a sports car - it can carry only a little bit of cholesterol and can speed through the bloodstream quickly

True

True or False: When a person's blood sugar is out of control (high), there is a greater chance of infection and illness.

True

True or false: A person with diabetes has a greater chance of having a heart attack, stroke, blindness or kidney disease than a person who does not have diabetes

purple

Under the microscope, Gram positive bacteria look ___ in color

C

What activities does an EMT perform? Select one: a. may start an airway if victim is not breathing b. transportation of thaccident victims to the hospital c. All of these activities could be performed by an EMT d. communicate with physician at hospital for details of the accident and type of response e. stabilization of victims at the site, may start IV's and maintain blood pressure

C

What are the four bases of DNA? Select one: a. A, U, C, G b. A, T, U, C c. A, T, C, G d. T, U, G, C

B

What does HIPAA stand for? Select one: a. Human Insurance Protection Against Animals b. Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act c. Health Insurance Policy and Accountability Act d. Highly Incredulous Popycock Answer Again

A

What is the correct name of DNA? Select one: a. deoxyribonucleic acid b. Don't kNow At-all c. deoxyribose nucleic acid d. deoxyribonunchuck acid

C

What is the correct way to pair bases in DNA? Select one: a. A pairs with G; C pairs with T b. A pairs with U; G pairs with C c. A pairs with T; C pairs with G d. A pairs with C; G pairs with T

B

What is the definition of a purine? Select one: a. nitrogenous base containing no ring structures b. nitrogenous base containing two ring structures c. nitrogenous base containing three ring structures d. nitrogenous base containing one ring structure

A

What is the definition of a pyrimidine? Select one: a. nitrogenous base containing one ring structure b. nitrogenous base containing no ring structures c. nitrogenous base containing three ring structures d. nitrogenous base containing two ring structures

erythrocyte

What is the medical term for red blood cell?

Leukocyte

What is the medical term for white blood cell?

Carbohydrate

What macromolecule is made of mono-, di-, and polysaccharides?

Lipid

What macromolecule provides structure for the cell membrane?

D

What property of DNA causes it to migrate to the positive pole of the electrophoresis apparatus? Select one: a. the positive charge of the sugars b. the negative charge of the sugars c. the positive charge of the phosphate groups d. the negative charge of the phosphate groups

B

When processing a crime scene, which one is FALSE? Select one: a. Interviews are performed to help establish theories of death b. Physical evidence is not collected since we have good photos c. Gloves are worn to limit contamination of the crime scene d. Close up, high quality photographs are taken. e. An accurate sketch is drawn which includes a legend, scale, and a key.

positive, negative

When running a gel electrophoresis, DNA will migrate towards the ________ end because DNA has a __________ charge.

Ionic bonding

When simple sugars are put together to make complex carbohydrates which process is happening?

crystal violet

Which chemical component of the gram stain process will stain ALL (both gram positive and gram negative) cells purple?

Gram's iodine

Which chemical of the gram stain will cause the crystal violet to stick to (or fix to) the peptidoglycan?

Protein

Which macromolecule builds, maintains and repairs body tissues?

Lipid

Which macromolecule is a non-polar, hydrophobic group of compounds?

Protein

Which macromolecule is made of amino acids?

A

Which of the following connections is correct? Select one: a. QRS = ventricular contractions b. P wave = ventricular contractions Incorrect c. T wave = atrial contraction d. P wave = ventricular repolarization

B

Which of the following includes all others? Select one: a. DNA molecules b. chromosomes c. nitrogenous bases d. nucleosomes

C

Which of the following is a purine found in DNA? Select one: a. Cytosine b. Uracil c. Guanine d. Thymine

D

Which of the following is a sentence that is clear, concise and relates back to the hypothesis and that is supported by data? Select one: a. Summary b. Research c. Problem or question d. Conclusion

E

Which one is NOT a clue for estimating the time of death? Select one: a. lividity b. clouding of the corneas c. algor mortis d. rigor mortis e. beta mortis

pink

While performing a gram stain, gram negative bacteria should look which color after washing with alcohol?

Purple

While performing a gram stain, gram positive bacteria should look which color after washing with alcohol?

B

Why is a control group important for an experiment? Select one: a. So your results are more objective b. Serves as a standard for comparison against the group where the independent variable is applied c. serves as a way to get more subjects into the experiment d. So you can get results that are measureable.

atrium

a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle or ventricles.