PM-ks-C9-myManyTests
62. _____ should receive frequent performance feedback, and although money is not an important motivator to them, it is an effective form of feedback.
ANSWER: Achievers. 383
71. _____ fill in for project managers in their absence and assist them as needed.
ANSWER: Deputy project managers. 392
69. _____ is listening with the intent to understand.
ANSWER: Empathic listening. 387
70. _____ is a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity and is important for communication.
ANSWER: Rapport. 388
41. Which type of power involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do? a. legitimate b. coercive c. reward d. referent
ANSWER: b Coercive power involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do. For example, a project manager can threaten to fire workers or subcontractors to try to get them to change their behavior. 385
26. What are the bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as? a. self-actualization b. deficiency c. safety d. growth
ANSWER: b The bottom four needs in Maslow's hierarchy, physiological, safety, social, and esteem needs, are referred to as DEFICIENCY needs, and the highest level, self-actualization, is considered a growth need. 380
36. Who is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y? a. Frederick Herzberg b. David McClelland c. Abraham Maslow d. Douglas McGregor.
ANSWER: d Douglas McGregor was one of the great popularizers of a human relations approach to management, and he is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y 383
47. What term is used for the relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity? a. empathy b. democracy c. mirroring d. rapport
ANSWER: d Rapport is a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity. 388
11. A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.
False (RAM) maps the work of the project, as described in the WBS, to the people responsible for performing the work, as described in the OBS(organizational breakdown structure). 394
17. In the Social Styles Profile team building activity, drivers are reactive and people-oriented.
False (amiables are reactive and people oriented)Drivers are proactive and task-oriented. They are firmly rooted in the present, and they strive for action. 406
9. Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior. T/F
False (that is known as expert power)Legitimate power is getting people to do things based on a position of authority. This type of power is similar to the authority basis of influence.
1. Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. T/F
False Extrinsic motivation causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty. Intrinsic is for their own enjoyment.
59. _____ causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.
ANSWER: Extrinsic motivation. 380
73. The _____ allocates work to responsible and performing organizations, teams, or individuals, depending on the desired level of detail.
ANSWER: RAM (responsibility assignment matrix). 394
72. A(n) _____ or draft contract often provides the basis for defining and finalizing work requirements.
ANSWER: RFP (Request for Proposal). 393
67. _____ is the concept that the whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts.
ANSWER: Synergy. 386
63. The _____ is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland's categories.
ANSWER: TAT (Thematic Apperception Test). 383
64. Managers who believe in McGregor's _____ assume that individuals do not inherently dislike work, but consider it as natural as play or rest.
ANSWER: Theory Y. 384
30. Who is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings? a. Frederick Herzberg b. David McClelland c. Abraham Maslow d. Douglas McGregor
ANSWER: a Frederick Herzberg is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings. He referred to factors that cause job satisfaction as motivators and factors that could cause dissatisfaction as hygiene factors. 381
25. What need is at the highest level in Maslow's structure? a. deficiency b. growth c. safety d. physiological
ANSWER: b The bottom four needs in Maslow's hierarchy, physiological, safety, social, and esteem needs, are referred to as deficiency needs, and the highest level, self-actualization, is considered a GROWTH need.
27. What need is at the bottom of Maslow's structure? a. esteem b. self-actualization c. physiological d. social
ANSWER: c At the bottom of the pyramid structure of Maslow's hierarchy of needs are physiological needs. Once physiological needs are satisfied, safety needs guide behavior.
45. Which type of intelligence involves the capacity to understand the motivations, intentions and desires of others? a. emotional b. intrapersonal c. interpersonal d. human
ANSWER: c Human intelligence encompasses both INTERPERSONAL (understanding others) and intrapersonal (understanding self). Emotional intelligence is knowing and managing one's own emotions and understanding the emotions of others. 389
35. Which test presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story? a. RAM b. MBTI c. TAT d. RACI
ANSWER: c The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland's categories. The TAT presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story. 383
48. What is the first step in the framework for defining and assigning work? a. defining how the work will be accomplished b. breaking down the work into manageable elements c. finalizing the project requirements d. assigning work responsibilities
ANSWER: c The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is finalizing the project requirements. 393
57. According to Lencioni, which quality is present in organizations that succeed? a. commitment b. autonomy c. accountability d. teamwork
ANSWER: d According to Patrick Lencioni, "Teamwork remains the one sustainable competitive advantage that has been largely untapped. Teamwork is almost always lacking within organizations that fail, and often present within those that succeed." 411
77. The main goal of _______ is to help people work together more effectively to improve project performance.
ANSWER: team development. 403
4. According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present. T/F.
False According to Herzberg, MOTIVATORS such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present. He referred to factors that cause job satisfaction as MOTIVATORS and factors that could cause dissatisfaction as HYGIENE factors
6. Managers who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives. T/F
False People who believe in Theory X assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to have workers make adequate efforts to meet objectives. They assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility, has little ambition, and wants security above all else.
13. A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team. T/F
True A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to the project team and taken off it. The level of detail may vary based on the type of project. 395
15. In the Tuckman model, storming occurs when team members have different opinions for how the team should operate. T/F
True In the Tuckman model, storming occurs when team members have different opinions for how the team should operate. People test each other, and there is often conflict within the team. 403
2. Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that people's behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs. T/F
True Maslow's hierarchy... pyramid = 1. Physiological 2. Safety 3. Social 4. Esteem 5. Self actualization P380
5. People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization. T/F
True People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.
14. Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.T/F
True Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments. Increasing and decreasing labor levels and human resources often produce additional work and confusion. 401
8. Thamhain and Wilemon found that when project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed. T/F
True Thamhain and Wilemon found that projects were more likely to fail when project managers relied too heavily on using authority, money, or penalty to influence people. When project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed.
16. The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts). T/F
True The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts). 405
66. _____ power is getting people to do things based on a position of authority.
ANSWER: Legitimate. 385
74. A(n) _____ is a specific type of organizational chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for which work items.
ANSWER: OBS (organizational breakdown structure). 394
75. _____ means that not enough resources are available to perform the assigned work during a given time period.
ANSWER: Overallocation. 400
65. _____ is the ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do.
ANSWER: Power. 385
58. _____ issues that affect how people work and how well they work include motivation, influence and power, and effectiveness.
ANSWER: Psychosocial. 415 and 378
39. According to Thamhain and Wilemon, what is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders? a. authority b. achievement c. expertise d. self-actualization
ANSWER: a According to Thamhain and Wilemon, AUTHORITY is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders. 384
29. Recognizing an employee as the "Star Performer of the Month" would be satisfying which need in Maslow's hierarchy? a. esteem b. self-actualization c. physiological d. safety
ANSWER: a Esteem needs include recognition, prestige, and status.
31. According to Herzberg, which is a motivational factor? a. recognition b. salary c. training d. health benefits
ANSWER: a Frederick Herzberg...motivational factors(Job satisfaction) and hygiene factors(Job dissatisfaction). Motivators include achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth. He said companies could not instill motivation by reducing time at work, increasing wages, offering fringe benefits, and providing human relations and sensitivity training. He said people want to grow and advance. They want to use their creativity and work on challenging projects. 381
33. According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, what do people who desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others have a high need for? a. affiliation b. self-actualization c. power d. achievement
ANSWER: a People with a high need for affiliation (nAff) desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others. They tend to conform to the norms of their work group and prefer work that involves significant personal interaction.383
53. In the Tuckman model, what occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process? a. performing b. norming c. forming d. storming
ANSWER: a Performing occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team's goals rather than working on team process. Relationships are settled, and team members are likely to build loyalty towards each other. 403
50. Which term refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods? a. resource loading b. resource leveling c. resource histogram d. resource logs
ANSWER: a Resource loading refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods. It helps project managers understand the demands of a project on the organization's resources and on individual people's schedules. 400
78. In the Tuckman model, _____ involves the break-up of the team after it successfully reaches its goals and completes the work.
ANSWER: adjourning. 403
24. Which highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology and proposed the hierarchy of needs theory? a. Sigmund Freud b. Abraham Maslow c. Carl Jung d. Philip Zimbardo
ANSWER: b Abraham Maslow rejected Freud and behavioral scientists that said people were controlled by their environment and is best known for developing a hierarchy of needs. 380
21. Which process involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance? a. developing the human resource plan b. developing the project team c. acquiring the project team d. managing the project team
ANSWER: b Developing the project team involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance. 378 & 403
37. Managers who follow which theory assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility? a. Theory Z b. Theory X c. Theory Y d. Theory K
ANSWER: b People who believe in Theory X assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to have workers make adequate efforts to meet objectives. They assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility, has little ambition, and wants security above all else. 384
51. Which technique is used for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks? a. resource loading b. resource leveling c. resource allocation d. resource histogram
ANSWER: b Resource leveling is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks. It is a form of network analysis in which resource management concerns drive scheduling decisions (start and finish dates). The main purpose of resource leveling is to create a smoother distribution of resource usage. 401
28. What is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. esteem b. self-actualization c. physiological d. social
ANSWER: b Self actualization is at the top of Maslow's structure. Self-actualized people are problem-focused, have an appreciation for life, are concerned about personal growth, and are able to have peak experiences.
44. What term is used for taking time to renew oneself physically, spiritually, mentally and socially? a. empathic mirroring b. sharpening the saw c. synergizing d. thinking win/win
ANSWER: b Sharpening the saw is the process of self-renewal. 387
49. Which tool is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time? a. responsibility assignment matrix b. resource histogram c. RACI charts d. organizational breakdown structure
ANSWER: b The staffing management plan often includes a resource HISTOGRAM, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time. 395
55. Psychologist David Merril describes which behavioral profile as reactive and task-oriented? a. expressives b. drivers c. analyticals d. amiables
ANSWER: c Analyticals are reactive and task-oriented. They are past-oriented and strong thinkers. Adjectives to describe analyticals include critical, indecisive, stuffy, picky, moralistic, industrious, persistent, serious, expecting, and orderly. 406
22. The main outputs of which process are team performance assessments, change requests, and updates to several documents? a. managing the project team b. acquiring the project team c. developing the project team d. human resource planning
ANSWER: c Developing the project team > building individual and group skills to enhance project performance. outputs: team performance assessments, change requests, and updates to several documents. 378. 379.
34. According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, what do people who want to direct others, and can be seen as bossy, have a need for? a. affiliation b. advancement c. power d. achievement
ANSWER: c People with a need for power (nPow) desire either personal power or institutional power. People who need personal power want to direct others and can be seen as bossy. 383
42. Which type of power involves using incentives to induce people to do things? a. legitimate b. coercive c. reward d. referent ts.
ANSWER: c Reward power involves using incentives to induce people to do things. Rewards can include money, status, recognition, promotions, and special work assignments. 386
40. According to Thamhain and Wilemon, what is the ability to improve a worker's position? a. penalty b. assignment c. expertise d. promotion
ANSWER: d According to Thamhain and Wilemon, promotion is the ability to improve a worker's position.384
54. In the MBTI, which dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information? a. Extrovert/Introvert b. Thinking/Feeling c. Judgment/Perception d. Sensation/Intuition
ANSWER: d In the MBTI, the Sensation/ Intuition dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information. Sensation (or Sensing) type people take in facts, details, and reality and describe themselves as practical. Intuitive type people are imaginative, ingenious, and attentive to hunches or intuition. They describe themselves as innovative and conceptual. 405.
23. Which process involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance? a. developing the human resource plan b. developing the project team c. acquiring the project team d. managing the project team
ANSWER: d Managing the project team involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance. 378
46. Which concept refers to matching certain behaviors of the other person? a. empathic listening b. rapport c. synergy d. mirroring
ANSWER: d Mirroring is matching certain behaviors of the other person. People tend to like others who are like themselves, and mirroring helps you take on some of the other person's characteristics. 388
32. What do people who seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations( to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile) have a high need for? a. affiliation b. security c. power d. achievement
ANSWER: d People who have a high need for achievement (nAch) seek to excel, and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile. Achievers need regular feedback and often prefer to work alone or with other high achievers. 383
43. Which type of power is based on an individual's personal charisma? a. legitimate b. coercive c. reward d. referent
ANSWER: d Referent power is based on a person's own charisma. People who have referent power are held in very high regard; others will do what they say based on that regard.
52. In the Tuckman model, what occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate? a. performing b. norming c. forming d. storming
ANSWER: d Storming occurs when team members have different opinions for how the team should operate. People test each other, and there is often conflict within the team. 403
38. What theory emphasizes factors such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers? a. Theory W b. Theory X c. Theory Y d. Theory Z
ANSWER: d Theory Z workers, it is assumed, can be trusted to do their jobs to their utmost ability, as long as management can be trusted to support them and look out for their wellbeing. Theory Z emphasizes job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers. 384
56. According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use which method employ a give-and take-approach to resolving conflicts? a. smoothing b. forcing c. confrontation d. compromise
ANSWER: d With the compromise mode, project managers use a give-and-take approach to resolving conflicts. They bargain and search for solutions that bring some degree of satisfaction to all the parties in a dispute. 410
60. According to Maslow, only after meeting _____ needs can individuals act upon growth needs.
ANSWER: deficiency. 381
76. Resource _____ aims to minimize period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances.
ANSWER: leveling. 401
61. Herzberg called factors that cause job satisfaction _____.
ANSWER: motivators. 381
68. Covey, like Maslow, believes that people have the ability to be _____ and choose their responses to different situations.
ANSWER: proactive. 386
79. In the DISC profile, the letter "S" represents _____.
ANSWER: steadiness. 407
80. According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the _____ mode retreat from an actual or potential disagreement.
ANSWER: withdrawal. 410
12. A RAM is used only to assign detailed work activities.
False In addition to using a RAM to assign detailed work activities, you can use it to define general roles and responsibilities on projects. This type of RAM can include the stakeholders in the project. 394
3. Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy of needs is not necessarily a prerequisite for the levels above. T/F
False Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy is a prerequisite for the levels above. For example, a person cannot consider self-actualization without first addressing basic needs of security and safety.
18. Project managers should always reward people who work overtime. T/F
False People who work overtime just to get extra pay or because of their own poor work or planning should not be rewarded.
20. Project managers must try to avoid conflict at all costs as all conflict within groups is bad.
False Project managers must also realize that not all conflict is bad. Conflict often produces important results, such as new ideas, better alternatives, and motivation to work harder and more collaboratively. 410
10. According to Covey, project managers must use a win/lose approach in making decisions. T/F
False Project managers should strive to use a win/win approach in making decisions, but in competitive situations they sometimes must use a win/lose paradigm. P386
19. The forcing mode is one in which the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement. T/F
False The smoothing mode is one in which the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement. This approach is also called accommodating, and it is best used when the relationship is of high importance and the task is of low importance. (Forcing mode is called win/lose or directing). 410
7. Assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are automatically available to project managers as part of their position. T/F
False Top management grants authority to the project manager. However, assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are not automatically available to project managers as part of their position.
