PNC PREP U 1,2,3,6,7
A client diagnosed with cancer has met with the oncologist and is now weighing whether to undergo chemotherapy or radiation for treatment. This client is demonstrating which ethical principle in making this decision?
Autonomy
Which ethical principle is related to the idea of self-determination?
Autonomy
Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses?
Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world.
What is a misconception about chronic disease?
Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.
A group of objects with relationships is which?
Concepts
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?
Evidence-based research
Which are factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.
Family Culture Community Society
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
General systems theory
When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model?
Health belief model
Which definition of health is the best?
Health is a state of complete well-being.
The founder of public health nursing is:
Lillian Wald
Who established the first public health service for the sick and poor?
Lillian Wald
Which is the goal of tertiary prevention of illness?
Minimizing complications
The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan?
Monitoring airway clearance
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?
Nursing Theory
What was the focus of nursing research during the first half of the twentieth century,?
Nursing education
The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?
Nursing process
What is likely to have the greatest influence on an adolescent's formation of values during this developmental stage?
Peers
The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory?
Person
The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of?
Primary
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
Qualitative
The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?
What people believe to be true about their health
The RN is working with hospital administrators to transform care at their facility. Which nursing competency will be critical for the nurse to utilize?
Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams
To practice ethically, the nurse should avoid:
allowing the nurse's own personal judgment to guide practice.
The nurse is caring for a postoperative client, and administers a pain medication prescribed on a PRN basis by the health care provider. What best describes the type of intervention the nurse is demonstrating?
collaborative intervention
To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must:
consume a healthy diet.
Which nursing action best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health?
encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity
The primary aim of the Healthy People 2030 initiative is:
health promotion.
Ethical distress is:
knowing the correct action but being unable to perform it due to constraints.
The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) was established following a study in 1983. The center's purpose is to:
promote research for health promotion.
The nursing instructor has presented some basic concepts related to the nursing profession to a class of nursing students. Which factor is part of the definition of nursing?
provide appropriate diagnosis of client's health concern
What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse:
stays with a client during death as promised.
The nurse manager of the acute care unit has decided to implement a team nursing approach for client care. One of the staff members asks, "Will we each take care of our own clients?" What is the appropriate response by the manager?
"The care will be divided and the registered nurse (RN) will have a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to provide care together."
After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding that:
ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States.
A nurse is implementing secondary-level interventions for a group of hospitalized clients. With which activity(ies) would the nurse be involved? Select all that apply.
Administering medications Providing wound care
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
Adults
A client tells the nurse that the client does not want to have a painful procedure. By respecting and supporting the client's right to make decisions, the nurse is demonstrating:
Advocacy
Which word is best described as protection and support of another's rights?
Advocacy
A client has a Staphylococcus infection in a decubitus ulcer. In this case, Staphylococcus is the:
Agent
Which scenario is an example of the laissez-faire approach to value transmission?
Allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted
Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?
American Nurses Association
The nurse is considering medical-surgical certification after working in a medical-surgical floor for the past five years. Nursing specialty certification is given by which group?
American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)
Which example best describes feminist ethics?
An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society
Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)
Are rarely curable Require lifelong management Have a prolonged course
The new nursing graduate is concerned about some of the critical changes that will be occurring in nursing. What changes does the nurse anticipate will impact nursing care?
Difficulty for nurses to remain current in a rapidly changing medical and technology environment
The nurse is preparing a sterile field for a procedure. While the nurse is opening an instrument, the outer wrapper of the sterilized instrument touches the extreme edge of the field. What should the nurse do next?
Discard the sterile field and prepare a new one
The nurse is performing an extensive dressing change on a client with burns. The nurse explains each step as it is being performed. The nurse is acting in which role by providing explanation of each step?
Educator
A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health?
Emotional dimension
The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which key contributor to nursing?
Florence Nightingale
The nurse going back to school for nurse midwifery can trace education for nurse midwifery to which nursing leader?
Mary Breckinridge
A nurse working in a critical care unit has experienced personal tragedy, extreme shortage of staff in the work environment, and health issues. The nurse has overcome much of these hardships and is now mentoring other nurses in similar situations. What behavior is this nurse demonstrating?
Moral resilence
A nurse must possess several characteristics to be successful in this profession. Secondary to critical thinking skills, which is of great value?
advocating for the client at all times
What might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his or her nursing license?
Obtain continuing education credits.
What is PICO?
PICO stands for patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcomes.
The nurse researcher would like to gather data about the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?
Qualitative research
A prospective nursing student desires a career that will allow the opportunity to provide client care and to assist professional nurses with routine technical procedures. The prospective student needs to be employed in a full-time position quickly due to economic hardship. What type of nursing program would best suit this student?
licensed or vocational nursing program
A client comes to a scheduled appointment with a new flyer from the insurance company (above) and asks the nurse how all these things can be included. How should the nurse respond?
This is referred to as an integrated delivery system. Everyone is working together to provide their clients the best possible care.
A nurse working in a long-established hospital learned a specific approach to administering intravenous injections from the previous generation of nurses at the hospital. This is an example of which type of knowledge?
Traditional knowledge
Socialization into the nursing profession may have the most significant effect on:
Values
The nursing process is:
a critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic.
A conceptual framework is defined as:
a set of concepts and propositions.
An older adult patient has been recently diagnosed with vascular dementia. Because the client lives alone and has poorly controlled hypertension, the client has begun to receive home healthcare. This new aspect of the client's care is characteristic of which stage of illness?
Assuming a dependent role
A nurse is working with a client who has undergone a lower leg amputation. While conducting an assessment, the nurse notes the client has a downcast mood. Which statement by the nurse conveys empathy to the client?
"I notice you might be experiencing some feelings of sadness. Would you like to share how you are feeling with me?"
The registered nurse is teaching a community health class about illness prevention. Which statement reflects understanding of this concept?
"It is important to enroll in a smoking cessation class."
The nurse is attempting to provide anticipatory guidance for the parents of an 18-month-old child. Which statement would be best for the nurse to make?
"Keep all medications in a locked cabinet."
A client asks an RN to prescribe a medication for pain. What is the best answer by the nurse?
"Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority."
Which statement by the nurse is an example of deception?
"This injection of procaine will feel like a little pinch."
Which scenario accurately depicts the influence of one's religious beliefs?
A client who practices Orthodox Judaism will not eat pork.
The nurse is evaluating client health. Which client should the nurse determine to be exhibiting the most signs of health?
A client with a leg amputation who performs activities of daily living with a prosthesis
When following evidence-based practice, a nurse's actions are based on which sources of information? (Select all that apply.)
Targeted literature Published research National standards National guidelines
A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?
Tertiary
A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?
Tertiary prevention
Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?
The Agent-Host-Environment Model
Which example most accurately depicts the ethical principle of autonomy?
Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed
The principle of autonomy by a client is applied in which situation?
The client has decided to stop chemotherapy treatments.
A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?
Coronary artery disease
A community health nurse has noticed a large number of women in the community are not getting regular mammograms. This is a rural community with limited access to health care. Which action would be the most appropriate for the nurse to pursue to promote compliance in getting annual mammograms?
Arrange for a mobile mammography unit to come to the community several days a month.
A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which action should the nurse expect to take as a member of the ethics committee?
Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests.
Knowledge gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience is which type of knowledge?
Authoritative knowledge
A nurse observes that a client who has pneumonia is in the recovery and rehabilitation stage of the illness. Which statement describes the client response that the nurse would expect at this stage of the illness?
Client gives up the dependent role
A nurse working on a critical care unit was informed by a client with multiple sclerosis that the client did not wish to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. Now the client is no longer able to express wishes, and the family has informed the physician that they want the client to be resuscitated. Aware of the client's wishes, the nurse is involved in a situation that may involve:
Ethical distress
A hospice nurse is caring for a client with terminal cancer. The family would like the client to continue aggressive therapy to treat the cancer, but the client has voiced to the nurse that no further pursuit of treatment is desired. The nurse speaks to the family about the client's wishes, condition, and terminal state. This action is most likely derived from which nursing obligation?
Ethical principles
A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?
Exacerbation
A nurse researcher is examining the cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description?
Experimental research
A client rings the call bell to request pain medication. On performing the pain assessment, the nurse informs the client that the nurse will return with the pain medication. After a few moments, the nurse returns with the pain medication. The nurse's returning with the pain medication is an example of which principle of bioethics?
Fidelity
A nurse researcher is involved in an experimental research study. Which component would the nurse researcher manipulate?
Independent variable
What is the process of considering a group of specific ideas and then drawing conclusions that relate to a general idea?
Inductive reasoning
A nurse reports to the charge nurse that a client medication due at 9 am was omitted. Which principle is the nurse demonstrating?
Integrity
In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance with nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that the nurse has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which professional value?
Integrity
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health.
Which is most similar to a nursing model?
Nursing theory
A nurse is providing care for clients in a long-term care facility. What should be the central focus of this care?
The client receiving the care
A mammogram represents which level of prevention?
Secondary
Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of health care?
Secondary
The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed. The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?
Secondary
Which explanation accurately differentiates the role of the registered nurse (RN) from that of the licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)?
The LPN/LVN should work under the supervision of an RN.
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
The registered nurse (RN) working with a licensed practical nurse (LPN) understands which about LPNs?
They must take a licensure exam.