Pol 1: Final Exa

Suppose a researcher is conduction a public opinion poll for a politician during an election. The politician cares about getting an accurate response but isn't inclined to pay more than she needs to so long as the margin of error is less than 4%. How big of a sample size should the research aim to get?

1,000

Women won the right to vote in

1920

There are ________ amendments to the U.S. Constitution

27

The American population has grown from approximately __________ million people in 1790 to approximately __________ million people in 2018.

4; 327

How many justices currently serve on the Supreme Court?

9

In 2018, about _______ of U.S. House incumbents won re-election.

90%

The main outcome of the Annapolis Convention was

A call to send convene a later convention to improve the Articles of Confederation

Which best describes a grassroots campaign?

A campaign in a small town for which volunteers knock on people's doors to generate interest for a political candidate.

A political ideology is best defined as

A cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government

An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between

A congressional committee, an interest group, and an executive agency

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) and Roe v. Wade (1973) have been extremely important in the development of

A constitutional right to privacy

Social Security is a good example of

A contributory program

Limited government is best defined as

A government whose powers are defined and constrained by a constitution

What is a grand jury?

A jury that determines whether there is enough evidence to justify a trial

Which of the following is a good example of broadcast media outlet?

A local television station

A party platform is

A party document that contains the philosophy principles, and positions of the party.

In Congress, the term "whip" refers to

A party member in the House or Senate responsible for coordinating the party's legislative strategy, building support for key issues, and counting votes.

Based on the history of Supreme Court decisions on affirmative action, which of the following university admissions policies would be most likely to survive a constitutional challenge?

A policy that considers race as one factor among many in an attempt to achieve a diverse student body

The Federalist Papers were

A series of essays written to argue for the ratification of the Constitution

Strict scrutiny refers to

A test used by the Supreme Court that places the burden of proof on the government rather than on the challengers to show that the law in question is constitutional

How can Congress override a president's veto?

A two-third's vote in both chambers

When a president "recognizes" a country, it means that the United States

Acknowledges the legitimacy of that country's government

Privately owned media companies in the United States earn most of their revenue from

Advertising

The Kyoto Protocol was a(n)

Agreement setting limits on emissions of greenhouse gases from industrial countries.

The use of any unreasonable and unjust criteria of exclusion is known as

Discrimination

The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment provides a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for self-defense in

District of Columbia v Heller

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the consequences of declining trust in government?

Distrust makes it difficult for government to attract talented and effective workers to public service.

Executive agreements differ from formal treaties in that they

Do not have to be approved by the two-thirds vote of the Senate

_________ prevent(s) people from being tried twice for the same crime

Double jeopardy

Privatization is a way to

Downsize government in that the workers provide good and services are no longer counted as government bureaucracy.

What is the most important factor in predicting whether an individual votes?

Education level

All of the following are important roles for the media in American democracy EXCEPT

Enabling privately owned companies to advertise their products to the public.

The Black Lives Matter movement has many goals, but it was first started in Ferguson, Missouri, in order to

End discriminatory treatment of African Americans by the police

In 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency charged Volkswagen with cheating on emissions tests of its diesel vehicles. This is an example of bureaucratic

Enforcement

The merit system

Ensures that civil service jobs are awarded to individuals who are qualified for the job and protects the from political interference after they are hired.

The bureaucracy's hierarchical structures and standardized procedures are intended to foster

Equal treatment of citizens

The ruling in Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

Established the "separate but equal" rule

The traditional news media aims to provide objective reporting on current events by

Excluding the personal views of reporters or editors from their coverage.

The ________ rule forbids the introduction in trial of any piece of evidence that has been obtained illegally.

Exclusionary

Which of the following is the least likely to provide Congress with information that is independent from the executive branch?

Executive Office of the President

An agreement between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate's "advice and consent" is called a(n)

Executive agreement

In order to get around the need for Senate approval of treaties many contemporary presidents have made use of _________ in foreign affairs.

Executive agreements

Which of the following employs the vast majority of the federal civilian workforce?

Executive departments

When president Obama prohibited federal agencies and contractors from discriminating against transgender employees, it was and example of a(n)

Executive order

The specific powers granted to Co gross in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S, Constitution are called the ________ powers.

Expressed

Which agency regulates broadcast media in the United States?

Federal Communications Commission

Which amendment to the Constitutional guarantees voting rights for African American men?

Fifteenth

The power to raise or lower the tax rate is part of

Fiscal policy

If the Supreme Court were to decide to review a case that alleges President Trump's antiterrorism initiatives violates a citizen's civil liberties, the case likely would be an example of

Judicial review of executive power

Immigrants from Asian countries were

Largely prohibited from entering the United States prior to the 1940s

What were Jim Crow laws?

Laws enacted by southern states following Reconstruction that discriminated against Black Americans

While the framers designed a system based on checks and balances, they intended which branch to be the most powerful

Legislative

Which of the following characteristics constitutes one's socioeconomic status?

Level of income, level of education, and prestige of occupation

Which of the following set of term best describes America's fundamental political values?

Liberty, equality of opportunity, and democracy

The decline in political efficacy in the United States is

Likely to have negative effects on American democracy because it will lead to less citizen participation in government.

The Antifederalists argued that the powers of the federal government should be clearly spelled out "confined to certain defined national objects." This most directly refers to

Limited government

Why does it matter if Americans have low levels of trust in their government?

Low levels of trust can lead to a more ineffective government that is starved of the resources it needs to function.

American democracy rests on the principle of

Majority rule with minority rights

The requirement that a person under arrest be informed of his or her to remain silent is known as the ________ rule.

Miranda

___________ states currently require all voters to show some form of ID before voting at the polls.

More than half of all

Which of the following is an example of a media outlet that receives funding from the government?

National Public Radio (NPR)

Using block grants to return power to the states was part of _________ during the Nixon (1969-1974) and Reagan (1981-1989) administrations.

New Federalism

Google News, Reddit, and Real Clear Politica are good examples of

News aggregators

Terrorists are an example of

Non-state actors

Co gross designed inspectors generals to be

Nonpartisan, independent organizations which investigate bureaucratic activities

Cases in which the government charges an individual with violating a statute enacted to protect public health, safety, morals, or welfare fall under

Criminal law

Which of the following is least likely to influence the thinking of federal judges?

Decision of state courts

Overall, Americans' trust in their government has ________ since the 1960s.

Declined sharply

Americans' sense of political efficacy has

Decreased dramatically between 1960 and 2015

The military services in America ultimately remain under civilian control and are housed in which part of the executive branch?

Department of Defense

The Tree-Fifths Compromise

Determined that three out of every five enslaved people would be counted for purposes of representation

Individuals with home high-speed internet access and the skills to use it are called

Digital citizens

Civil rights are

Obligation imposed on government to take positive action to protect citizens from any illegal action of government agencies and of other private citizens.

Which of the following groups is most likely to affiliate with the Republican Party?

Older White voters

According to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 a state cannot

Require voters to take a test to prove they can read and write in order to vote

States are active in setting criminal justice policy within their borders, with different states deciding differently on whether some acts are legal or illegal. While the Constitution does not specifically say that states can set criminal justice policy, states can argue that it is allowed under their________ powers.

Reserved

A woman is trying to buy birth control at a pharmacy, but the pharmacist refuses to sell her birth control on religious grounds. Which right is the pharmacist infringing upon?

Right to privacy

A reform that could help to boost turnout is

Sam-day registration

The small group selected by pollsters to represent the entire population is called a

Sample

The 1898 decision in United States v. Wong Kim Ark is important because it

Secured the right of citizenship to American-born Chinese children

Affirmative action

Seeks to redress past injustices by making special efforts to provide access to employment and education opportunities.

In order for a public opinion poll to accurately generalize to the entire population, the survey must

Select respondents randomly and everyone in the target population must have an equal chance of being selected.

The process by which the Supreme Court has expanded specific parts of the Bill of Rights to protect citizens against state and federal actions is called

Selective incorporation

The National Security Council includes all of the following actors EXCEPT the

Senate Foreign Relations Committee chair

Cabinet members must be approved by the

Senate but are not responsible to the Senate or Congress at large

Which of these statements is true?

Several Vice Presidents have had to take on the presidency after the president has died or resigned

During the late nineteenth century, the equal protection clause was

Severely limited in scope by the Supreme Court

In a federal system, governmental responsibilities are

Shared by both state and federal governments

A U.S. senator has a _________ -year term

Six

What are agents of socialization?

Social institutions, like family and school, that shape an individual's basic political belief and values.

Elderly Americans particularly benefit from which two government programs?

Social security and Medicare

Speech plus is

Speech protected by the First Amendment because it is accompanied by picketing or other demonstrations

Under the traditional system of American federalism, most of the fundamental governing in the United States was done by

State governments

The principle that the states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government is referred to as

States' rights

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

Substantially increased the federal government's role in the elementary and secondary education

The ________ affirms that national laws and treaties are "the supreme Law of the Land"

Supremacy clause

The ___________ is established by the Constitution and cannot be abolished by a congressional law.

Supreme Court

Conservatives are more likely than liberals to support

Tax cuts

Which media source is regulated by the federal government?

Television

A political party is an organization

That tries to I fluency the government by getting its members elected to office

Which of the following statements about the 1964 Civil Rights Act is most accurate?

The 1964 Civil Rights Act addressed, to varying degrees of success, discrimination in public accommodation, segregation, and discrimination by employers.

Which of the following statements about advanced industrialized nations and health care is most accurate?

The United States is the only advanced industrial nation without universal access to health care for its citizens.

Of the major global institutions, which is the most concerned with trade?

The WTO

During the 2020 Democratic presidential primary elections, candidate and former Vice President Joe Biden received favorable national coverage showing his lead in the South Carolina polls. Despite losses in the previous four states, Biden went on to become the party's presumptive nominee in weeks. The increased public support for Biden is partly explained by

The bandwagon effect

Partisanship is ________ indicator of which candidates people will vote for

The best

The president's military powers can best be observed in their role as

The commander in chief

What is a media monopoly?

The concentration of media ownership by a few large corporations

The gap in access to the internet due to differences in education, income, age, geographic, location, and race/ethnicity is known as

The digital divide

Which statement best describes the relationship between public opinion and government policy?

The relationship between government policy and public opinion is dynamic, wherein policy responds to public opinion but public opinion also shifts based on new government policies.

The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution deals with

The right to bear arms

Suffrage is

The right to vote

Economic aid is an economic __________; sanctions are an economic____________.

carrot; stick

Medicare is a __________, program; Medicaid is a ___________ program.

contributory; noncontributory

The representation of a government to other foreign governments is called

diplomacy

The term "soft power" refers to

efforts to influence other nations by persuasion rather than coercion.

If the government decides to offer a subsidy to the solar industry to help people buy solar panels, that would be an example of __________. On the other hand, if the federal reserve took steps to expand the amount of credit available in the economy, that would be an example of __________.

fiscal policy; monetary policy

The power of the Supreme Court to review state actions and legislation is implied by the

supremacy clause of Article VI of the Constitution

All of the people living in congressional district are the ________ of their member of Congress.

Constituency

A Senator who votes based on what he or she think is best for thei constituency is called a

Trustee

The __________ is the only federal court established by the Constitution

U.S. Supreme Court

Title IX of the 1972 Education Act has had a major effect on

University athletic programs

The most visible indication of political oversight of the bureaucracy is the

Use of public hearings before congressional committees and subcommittees

Procedures for amending the Constitution are found in Article

V.

__________ is the single-most important political act for most Americans.

Voting

The Southern Manifesto

Was written by southern officials who declared that their states were no bound by Supreme Court decisions outlawing racial segregation.

If a number of newspapers published stories exposing an elected official's acceptance of monetary bribes from a corporation in exchange for passing a particular law, it would be an example of the media serving in their role as a

Watchdog

Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families are all part of the

Welfare state

A member of the House of Representatives that helps a constituent apply for Social Security benefits is engaging in

Constituency service

Though used at times by justices on both sides of the partisan divide, which judicial philosophy refuses to go beyond the clear words of the Constitution in interpreting the document's meaning?

Judicial restraint

Through the exercise of __________ , the Supreme Court has held actions or laws of the executive and legislative branches unconstitutional.

Judicial review

Citizenship refers to

Informed and active membership in a political community

Government is best defined as the

Institutions and procedures by which a territory and its people are ruled

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is a policy that

Instructs immigration officials to take no action to deport law-abiding individuals who enter the United States illegally as children.

The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that

Interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence

The right of candidates to spend their own money on running for office

Is protected absolutely by the Constitution according to the Supreme Court.

The nineteenth-century policy of ___________ was based on the geographical distance of the United States from other countries.

Isolationism

What was the purpose of the GI Bill?

It allowed veterans returning from World War II to attend college.

Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable philosophical statement for its time?

It asserted that there were "unalienable rights" that could not be abridged by government

What is the purpose of the National Security Council?

It assimilates and analyses data from various government sources and makes recommendations about protecting the country

What is the role of the State Department in American foreign policy?

It carry's out routine diplomatic activities

What was a major reason that the slogan "states' rights" became tarnished in the 1950s and 1960s?

It had been used by southern opponents of the civil rights movement to support laws favoring racial inequality

The fact that a decreasing number of companies own an increasingly large share of the American media is a concern primarily because

It increase the risk that politicians and citizens who express less popular or minority viewpoints will have difficulty finding a public forum

Which of the following is true about the Bill of Rights?

It is the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution

What is a collective security arrangement?

It is when a group of countries agree to aid one another in dealing with security theeats.

Why do we have a government?

It provides basic services that everyone needs but that would be difficult for individuals to provide for themselves.

How did The Great Depression change American attitudes about welfare?

It revealed that poverty could be caused by a flawed economic system, not just by personal irresponsibility

The Office of Management and Budget is important because

It's personnel assist with overseeing regulatory proposals and preparing the national budget

Though used at times by justices on both sides of the partisan divide, which judicial philosophy posits that the Court should go beyond the words of the Constitution or a statute to consider the broader societal societal implications of it decision?

Judicial activism

Of all the parts of the new government, the framers saw _________ as being capable of timely and decisive action to deal with national issues and problems.

The president

Which of the following is the most important actor in the conduct of American foreign policy?

The president

A signing statement is an announcement

The president makes about his is her interpretation of a congressional enactment he or she is signing into law.

What is cloture?

The process by which three-fifths of the Senate can end a filibuster

Which of the following is the best definition of redistricting?

The process or redrawing electoral districts every 10 years

Which of the following statements about how voters decide is most accurate?

When voters are satisfied with their economic prospects, they tend to vote for the party in power.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the traditional news media's relationship to objectivity?

While completely objective reporting is unattainable because people inevitably have biases that shape their understanding of events, journalists attempt to be objective by reporting both sides of a story.

Which of the following statements about how the Constitution has changed over time is most accurate?

While most amendment efforts failed because they attempted to address a specific public problem, successful amendments changed the structure or composition of government

Federal employees who report wrongdoing within agencies are often referred to as

Whistleblowers

The Supreme Court explains its decision in terms of

law and precedent

In the Senate, the most senior leadership role is _______. In the House, the most senior leadership role is ________.

majority leader; Speaker

Party activists are _________ likely to contribute time to party affairs and _________ likely to hold more extreme views than the party's rank-and-file voters

more; more

The World Bank's chief mission is to

provide development aid to poor countries.

The two primary goals of American foreign policy are

security and prosperity

If the government __________ more than it __________ , that will lead to a budget deficit.

spends; brings in revenue

A __________ committee remains in existence from one session of Congress to the next, and has the power to write legislation that covers a particular subject, in most cases paralleling a major department or agency of the executive branch.

standing

The principle-agent problem occurs when one entity

(the principle) gives decision making authority to another (the agent), but the agent makes decisions that are different than what the principle may have wanted.

In the last few decades, executive orders have

Become routine instruments of presidential governance rather than emergency wartime measures.

A proposed law that has been sponsored by a member of Congress is called a

Bill

One of the key differences between block and categorical grants is that

Block grants give states more discretion over how to spend funds that do categorical grants.

The Boston Tea Party was largely a response to the

British government's decision to eliminate the lucrative colonial tea trade.

The complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles that organize all large-scale institutions to coordinate the work of their personnel is

Bureaucracy

The majority of political action committees (PACs) represent

Business and professional groups

The Secretary of Education, Secretary of Defense, and Secretary of the Interior are all members of the

Cabinet

The president has the power to appoint which of the following positions?

Cabinet secretaries

Both 527 and 501(c)(4)s

Can spend unlimited amounts on political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidate's campaign

Impeachment offenses are

Charges by the House and tried in the Senate, with the Chief Justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction.

Which of the following groups receives the least benefit from government's social policies?

Children and the working poor

In West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barrette (1943), the Supreme Court ruled that

Children cannot be required to salute the flag if it violates their religious faith

American diplomacy with North Korea has often been difficult because North Korea's major backer and trading partner,___________, will not cooperate with any effort by the United States to undermine the North Korean regime.

China

How do interest groups use litigation as a strategy of influence?

They file amicus curiae briefs, finance lawsuits, and bring suit directly on behalf of the group.

The media are sometimes referred to as the "fourth branch of government" because

They provide a check on the power of government and political leaders

Which amendment to the Constitution abolishes slavery?

Thirteenth

__________ argued that there was a "wall of separation" between church and state

Thomas Jefferson

During the ratification debates, who were the Antifederalists?

Those who opposed the new Constitution because they wanted a weaker national government

During the ratification debates, who were the Federalists?

Those who supported the Constitution because it contained a strong national giver

Before the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, government appointments were made

To political supporters as part of a spoils system

The welfare state has multiple goals. One is to ensure a certain level of economic security. The other is

To promote equality of opportunity

Which of the following statements about public opinion in America is most accurate?

Citizens with high levels of knowledge are generally better able to evaluate new information to determine its relevancy to their beliefs.

________ are areas of personal freedom with which governments are constrained from interfering.

Civil liberties

A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a

Collective good

__________ powers exist when both the state and national governments share authority in certain domains.

Concurrent

A __________ is a system of government in which member states retain almost all of their sovereign authority and delegate limited powers to a weak central body.

Confederation

During the nineteenth century, __________ was America's dominant institution of government.

Congress

The president's delegates powers come from

Congress

The size of the U.S. Supreme Court is set by

Congress

Colonial protesters of the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act rallied around which slogan?

"No taxation without representation"

The fact that Americans today are likely to follow the news by briefly reading multiple headlines online rather than by reading longer news articles is referred to

"Skimming and scanning"

When presidents use popular appeals in an attempt to creat a mass base of support that will allow them to accomplish their goals, it is referred to as

"going public"

If the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee held a regularly scheduled hearing to receive updates on the implementation of health care laws by the Department of Health and Human Services, it would be an example of ___________ oversight.

"police patrol"

If an employee's manager issued an explicit or strongly implied threat that submission to sexual demands is a condition of the employee's job, it would be an example of

"quid pro quo" harassment

In 2014, Russia challenged the United States and its European Allie's by

Amassing troops along several portions of the Ukrainian border.

A person, agency, or interest group not directly a party to a case but with an interest in its outcome may file a(n) _________ brief.

Amicus curiae

Lobbying is

An attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature

The issue of representation was addressed in the Great Compromise by giving each state

An equal number of senators and a number of representatives based on the state's population

__________ compels state government to obey costly federal regulations but does not reimburse those costs.

An unfounded mandate

The president can influence the federal judicial process in several ways, including

Appointing federal judges and issuing pardons and amnesties

One of the major tools of bureaucratic control presidents possess is the

Appointment power over political appointees atop the career civil service

The amount of money approved by Congress in bills that each agency of government can spend is called

Appropriations

The United States' first written constitution was called the

Articles of Confederation

Which of the following groups was NOT part of the New Deal coalition?

Asian Americans

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it

Asserted that violations of Titled IX of the 1992 Education Act could be remedied with monetary damages

The term "public opinion" is used to describe

Attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events

A government that recognizes no formal limits on its power but yet is kept in check by the power of othe political and social institutions is known as a(n) ________ government.

Authoritarian

In order for the Supreme Court to decide to grant certiorari

Four justices must vote in favor of certiorari

The constitutional basis for the nationalization of the Bill of Rights is the _________ Amendment.

Fourteenth

Which president introduced and presided over the New Deal

Franklin Roosevelt

Freedom of speech and of the press have a special place in the American system because

Free and open debate is an essential mechanism for determining the quality and validity of competing ideas.

The _________ clause of the First Amendment protects an individual's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses

Free exercise

A person who enjoys the benefits of a group's collective efforts but does not contribute to those efforts is called a

Free rider

In order to overcome the _________ interest groups often provide ________ to their members.

Free-rider problem; selective benefits

When was the era of dual federalism?

From the Founding until the New Deal

When President Trump and former Vice President Joe Biden competed for the presidency in the 2020 election, they were involved in a

General election

The process by which one unit of government yield a portion of its income to another unit of government according to an established formula is called

General revenue sharing

A representative democracy (also known as a republic) is a system of government that

Gives citizens a regular opportunity to elects government officials

Which statement is the key argument of Keynesians?

Government can pull an economy out of recession by stimulating demand and creating a cycle of increased production and jobs.

Since 1950, compared with the entire workforce, the number of federal employees has

Gradually declined

The Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v Hodges (2015) was significant because it

Guaranteed same-sex couples the right to marry in all states and required states to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions

The Fourteenth Amendment

Guarantees equal protection and due process

Over the course of American history, immigration

Has changed, with more immigrants now coming from Asia and Latin America, and fewer from Europe.

What was the main reason Alexander Hamilton opposed a bill of right?

He believed it was unnecessary since the national government was given only delegated powers.

How did Franklin Roosevelt change America's approach to economic policy making?

He ushered in an era of a much more active federal government that followed Keynesian economy theory.

In modern democracies, courts made up of judges and juries

Hear the facts on both sides of a case and apply relevant law or constitutional principle to decide which side has the stronger argument.

What is it called when a state grants a city the ability to govern its own local affairs?

Home rule

Imagine that Congress has recently passed a new law affecting health care coverage for Americans. While the Constitution does not specifically mention health care, members of Congress might argue that their ________ powers include regulating health care coverage.

Implied

Why is Marbury v. Madison (1803) an important case?

In this case, the justices authorized the Supreme Court to exercise judicial review over law passed by Congress.

Federalism is best defined as a system of government

In which power is divided between a central government and regional governments

"Selective benefits" are

Incentives that interest groups make available only to those people who are members of their organizations

One cause of party unity voting in recent Congresses is

Increased polarization

A senator or representative running for re-election is called the

Incumbent

Which of the following is important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials?

Information

The written explanation of the Supreme Court's decision in a particular case is known as the

Opinion

In _________ , an attorney for each side appears before the Supreme Court to present her client's position and answer the justices' question

Oral argument

Which of the following requires an FCC license in order to legally broadcast in the United States?

Over-the-air television stations

In 2017, Democrats called for investigations into allegations that Trump's campaign had colluded with Russian operatives to help him win in the 206 election. This is an example of which power of Congress?

Oversight

Which is an important factor in organizing the work of Congress?

Parties

Which of the following are the three most factors that influence a voter's choice?

Partisan loyalty, issues, and the characteristics of candidates

If public support for same-sex marriage increased significantly after a court decision legalizing marriage between couples of the same sex, it would be an example of

Policy feedback

Private groups that raise and distribute funds for elections campaigns are called

Political action committees

Individuals who are selected by the president to serve in a handful of positions at the very top of the bureaucracy are called

Political appointees

"One person, one vote" reflects the principle of

Political equality

The process by which political values are formed is known as

Political socialization

The belief that political authority should rest with the people themselves is called

Popular sovereignty

What was Justice Potter Stewart talking about when he declared, "I know it when I see it"?

Pornography

A pocket veto is used by the

President

A filibuster allows members of the senate to

Prevent a vote on a bill

The framers employed the separation of powers and federalism in order to

Prevent the new government from abusing its power

An election held to select the party's candidate for the general election is called a

Primary election

Which of the following is the best definition of the media?

Print and digital forms of communication that include everything from websites, newspaper, television, and radio.

In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court

Prohibited states from making abortion a criminal act prior to the point at which the fetus becomes viable

When new countries gain access to nuclear weapon capabilities, we refer to this as

Proliferation

Television, radio, and digital media that receive partial funding from license fees and government subsidies is known as

Public broadcasting

Policy feedback occurs when

Public opinion shifts in response to changes in government policy.

A group of people join a group to combat climate change, organize around the idea of improving the environment. The group members are in pursuit of a goal that is important to them. Which benefit is more closely associated with membership in this group?

Purposive benefits

A way to reduce the disparities in wealth between the rich and the poor is called

Redistribution

Supply-side economics is the idea that

Reducing the marginal rate of taxation will promote higher levels of work and investment.

____________ occurs when an agency, rather than acting in the public interest, becomes too favorable toward the organized interests or corporations it is supposed to be regulating

Regulatory capture

During the 1980s, the Republicans added ________ to their coalition.

Religious conservatives and working-class Whites

Which of the following statements best describes the representation of women and minorities in the I.S. Congress?

Representation of women and minorities had increased during the past two decades but is not comparable to their proportions in the general population

What did the New Jersey Plan propose for Congress

Representation would be equal for each state.

During the System of 1896, the _________ Party was the nation's majority party.

Republican

From the end of the Civil War to the 1890s, the _______ Party was the party of the North, while the ________ Party was the party of the South.

Republican; Democratic

In the United States, freedom of the press is protected by

The First Amendment of the Constitution

Which event was most influential in triggering the rise of a more active national government?

The Great Depression

Which historical event proved to Americans that the economic system is not perfectly self-regulating?

The Great Depression

The two sides in the Cold War were

The Soviet Union and the United States

What did the framers call the "least dangerous branch" of American government?

The Supreme Court

In you advocated limiting the powers of the national government, which part of the Constitution would best justify your position?

The Tenth Amendment

The development of the internet by ___________ is an example of bureaucratic ____________ .

The U.S. Department of Defense; innovation

Solidarity benefits emphasize

The friendships, networking, and consciousness-raising of the group

A distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between women and men is known as

The gender gap

The distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflections the differences in views between women and men is known as

The gender gap

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the government and the media in the United States today?

The government does not own but regulates the content and ownership of broadcast media.

Who has the most real power in the Senate?

The majority and minority leaders

If a public opinion poll reports finding that a particular candidate is supported by 60% of voters and that there is a 95% chance that support for this candidate is somewhere between 63.1% and 56.9%, the 3.1% variation from 70% is called

The margin of error

Which of the following groups receives the most benefit from government's social policies?

The middle class and the elderly

What is turnout?

The percentage of eligible individuals who actually vote

A person's political party preferences are primarily acquired through the influence of

The person's family

The Virginia Plan proposed a system of representation in the national legislature that was based on

The population of each state or the proportion of each state's revenue contribution, or both

What evidence demonstrates that the Social Security and Medicare programs have been effective in meeting their goals?

The poverty rate among the elderly has declined substantially since these programs were introduced.

Imagine the national surveys showed that over a period of 30 years racist attitudes towards African Americans in the United States drastically declined, studies showed ample evidence of persistent racism in the states. The disparity between the public opinion polls and the real word is best explained by which of the following?

The social desirability bias

The power of the federal government began to expand after 1933 in response to

The stock market crash of 1929, the Great Depression, and the run on banks of 1933

Which statement about the distribution of fake news on Facebook in the 2016 election is most accurate?

The top 10 fake news stories circulated on Facebook were shared more widely than the top 10 authentic news stories about the election

Which of the following statements best describes the formal requirements of serving as a federal court judge?

There are no formal requirements to serve as a federal court judge

Which of the following best summarizes the history of citizenship and race in the United States?

There has been a gradual expansion of citizenship to people of non-White decent, starting after the Civil War

What is one of the main differences between people who have gone to college and people who have not?

There is a higher level of political participation among those with a college education.

Which statement about party identification and gender in the United States is most accurate?

Women are significantly more likely than men to identify with the Democratic Party, whereas more men identify as Republicans.

Agencies like the Department of State, Department of Defense, and Homeland Security

Work to maintain national security and protect American interests at home and abroad

The last time Congress exercised its constitutional power to declare war was during

World War II

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of citizens of the United States?

Worshipping at a church, synagogue, temple, or mosque

In 2015, the United States and Iran signed an agreement

in which the Iranians pledged not to build nuclear weapons in exchange for the United States lifting its economic sanctions against Iran.