POLS
Which group won voting rights most recently? a) 18-to 20-year-old b) Asian Americans c) white property owners d) women e) African Americans
a) 18-to 20-year-old
Which of the following states flipped from Democratic to Republican in the 2016 election? a) Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania b) California, New York, and Massachusetts c) Texas, Alabama, and Kentucky d) West Virginia, Missouri, and Kansas e) Oregon, Washington, and Delaware
a) Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania
In which case was a right to privacy related to the use of birth control first formally recognized by the Court? a) Griswold v. Connecticut b) Roe v. Wade c) Lemon v. Kurtzman d) Planned Parenthood v. Casey e) Baker v. Carr
a) Griswold v. Connecticut
Which of the following economic perspectives argues that government can stimulate economic growth by increasing public spending or by cutting taxes? a) Keynesianism b) laissez-faire c) libertarianism d) monetarism e) fiscalism
a) Keynesianism
Which of the following statements best describes the U.S. budget deficit? a) The budget deficit grew substantially in the 1980s and declined substantially in the 1990s before rising sharply again in the 2000s. b) The budget deficit declined substantially in the 1980s and grew substantially in the late 1990s into the 2000s. c) The budget deficit grew consistently between 1980 and the present. d) The budget deficit declined consistently between 1980 and the present. e) The budget deficit has remained exactly the same since 1980.
a) The budget deficit grew substantially in the 1980s and declined substantially in the 1990s before rising sharply again in the 2000s.
Which of the following statements is true about the 2018 elections? a) Youth turnout increased significantly. b) Democrats won control of the Senate. c) overall turnout was down from the 2014 midterm elections. d) After 2018 most incoming female members of Congress were Republicans. e) Republicans raised more money than Democrats in the 2018 election cycle.
a) Youth turnout increased significantly.
. Socialism refers to a) a political ideology that emphasizes social ownership and strong government. b) a political ideology that emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government. c) a political ideology that argues for the need to place strict limitations on voting rights and civil liberties. d) a political ideology that argues a single ruler should have total control over every aspect of people's lives. e) a political ideology that argues governments are inherently repressive and should be abolished entirely.
a) a political ideology that emphasizes social ownership and strong government.
Which of the following is not part of American political culture? a) belief in equality of results b) belief in democracy c) belief in personal freedom d) belief in economic freedom e) belief in equality of opportunity
a) belief in equality of results
The process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is known as a) devolution. b) diffusion c) incorporation. d) home rule. e) preemption.
a) devolution.
In Mapp v. Ohio, the Supreme Court ruled that a) evidence obtained from an illegal search could not be introduced in a trial. b) the government must provide legal counsel for defen-dants who are too poor to provide it for themselves. c) persons under arrest must be informed prior to police interrogation of their rights to remain silent and to have the benefits of legal counsel. d) the government has the right to take private property for public use if just compensation is provided. e) a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime.
a) evidence obtained from an illegal search could not be introduced in a trial
The fact that Democrats discussed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as a matter of compassionate responsibility and good economic sense while republicans discussed it as a matter of "health care rationing" is an example of a) framing. b) priming. c) agenda setting. d) selection bias. e) niche journalism.
a) framing
Many states have amended their constitutions to guarantee that large cities will have the authority to manage local affairs without interference from state government. This power is called a) home rule. b) devolution. c) preemption. d) states' rights. e) new Federalism.
a) home rule.
More than three-fourths of the daily print newspapers in the United States are owned by a) large media conglomerates. b) the national government. c) small local companies. d) private individuals. e) the employees who run them.
a) large media conglomerates.
In 1910 residents who traced their origin to Latin America or Asia each accounted for a) less than 1 percent of the U.S. population. b) approximately 5 percent of the U.S. population. c) approximately 10 percent of the U.S. population. d) approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population. e) more than 20 percent of the U.S. population.
a) less than 1 percent of the U.S. population.
The strength of traditional party machines depended most heavily on a) patronage. b) primaries. c) hard money. d) soft money. e) dark money.
a) patronage.
Which of the following restrictions on voting have been repealed over the last 200 years in the United States? a) property, gender, and race b) gender only c) race only d) property only e) race and gender only
a) property, gender, and race
When a voter decides which candidate to vote for based on imagined future performance, the voter is engaged in a) prospective voting. b) retrospective voting. c) introspective voting. d) straight-ticket voting. e) split-ticket voting.
a) prospective voting.
A political party is different from an interest group in that a political party a) seeks to control the government by nominating candidates and electing its members to office. b) is constitutionally exempt from taxation. c) is entirely nonprofit. d) has a much larger membership. e) has a much smaller membership.
a) seeks to control the government by nominating candidates and electing its members to office.
Voters who prefer a third-party candidate but vote for the major-party candidate whom they regard as the "lesser of two evils" are engaging in a) strategic voting. b) split-ticket voting. c) straight-ticket voting. d) ranked choice voting. e) rational abstention.
a) strategic voting.
The total value of goods and services produced within a country is referred to as a) the gross national product. b) the gross domestic product. c) the Dow Jones Industrial Average. d) the federal funds rate. e) the Gini coefficient.
b) the gross domestic product.
A state government's authority to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens is frequently referred to as a) the reserved power. b) the police power. c) the expressed power. d) the concurrent power. e) the implied power.
b) the police power.
The standard articulated by the Supreme Court in R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul suggests that a) virtually all "hate speech" is not constitutionally protected by the First Amendment. b) virtually all "hate speech" is constitutionally protected by the First Amendment. c) "hate speech" is not constitutionally protected by the First Amendment when it is directed at religious groups. d) "hate speech" is not constitutionally protected by the First Amendment when it is directed at racial or ethnic minority groups. e) "hate speech" is not constitutionally protected by the First Amendment when it is expressed on college campuses.
b) virtually all "hate speech" is constitutionally protected by the First Amendment.
Which of the following are the most important external influences on how political opinions are formed in the marketplace of ideas? a) the government, private groups, and the news media b) the unemployment rate, the Dow Jones industrial average, and the NASDAQ composite c) random digit dialing surveys, push polls, and framing experiments d) the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, and the Federalist Papers e) the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch
a) the government, private groups, and the news media
From 1791 until the end of the nineteenth century, the Bill of Rights was interpreted to put limits on a) the national government only. b) the state government only. c) both the national and state governments. d) neither the national nor the state government. e) political parties and interest groups.
a) the national government only.
A push poll is a poll in which a) the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion rather than measure the respondent's opinion. b) the questions are designed to measure the respondent's opinion rather than shape the respondent's opinion. c) the questions are designed to reduce measurement error. d) the sample is chosen to include only undecided or independent voters. e) the sample is not representative of the population it is drawn from.
a) the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion rather than measure the respondent's opinion.
Which of the following is not one of the goals of government intervention in the economy? a) to guarantee economic equality b) to promote economic stability c) to stimulate economic growth d) to promote business development e) to protect employees and consumers
a) to guarantee economic equality
life, liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" are the three inalienable rights mentioned in a) the constitution. b) the Declaration of Independence. c) the Bill of Rights. d) the Articles of Confederation. e) the Pledge of Allegiance.
b) the Declaration of Independence.
In 2018 the Republicans won Senate seats in which of the following states: a) Arizona and Nevada b) Indiana, Missouri, and North Dakota c) Ohio and Pennsylvania d) California and New York e) New Mexico, Virginia, and West Virginia
b) Indiana, Missouri, and north Dakota
Which organization has used the internet to anonymously release thousands of secret U.S. government documents relating to corruption, war crimes, and torture in recent years? a) the Federal Communications Commission b) Wikileaks c) the National Security Agency d) the Project for Excellence in Journalism e) the Freedom of Information Agency
b) Wikileaks
The main difference between a 527 committee and a 501(c)(4) committee is that a) a 527 is not legally required to disclose where it gets its money while a 501(c)(4) is legally required to do so. b) a 501(c)(4) is not legally required to disclose where it gets its money while a 527 is legally required to do so. c) a 527 can only contribute to one campaign while a 501(c)(4) can contribute to many. d) a 501(c)(4) can only contribute to one campaign while a 527 can contribute to many. e) a 527 can legally coordinate its spending with a candidate's campaign while a 501(c)(4) cannot.
b) a 501(c)(4) is not legally required to disclose where it gets its money while a 527 is legally required to do so.
Which event shattered the amicable relationship between the press and the presidency? a) September 11, 2001 b) the Vietnam War c) Watergate d) World War II e) the Monica lewinsky affair
b) the Vietnam War
Public broadcasting outlets that receive government funding through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars a) are prohibited by the Constitution from operating in the United States. b) account for less than 5 percent of media market share in the United States. c) account for nearly one-third of media market share in the United States. d) account for approximately half of media market share in the United States. e) account for more than two-thirds of media market share in the United States.
b) account for less than 5 percent of media market share in the United States.
In nearly every election since 1980, the average amount of money spent by House incumbents to secure re-election has a) been about the same as the average amount of money spent by challengers. b) been greater than the average amount of money spent by challengers. c) been less than the average amount of money spent by challengers. d) been $0 due to federal laws that provide campaign funds for incumbents. e) been $1 million due to federal laws that provide campaign funds for incumbents.
b) been greater than the average amount of money spent by challengers
In 1937 the Supreme Court laid the groundwork for a stronger federal government by issuing a number of decisions that a) dramatically narrowed the definition of the commerce clause. b) dramatically expanded the definition of the commerce clause. c) struck down the supremacy clause. d) struck down the privileges and immunities clause. e) struck down the full faith and credit clause.
b) dramatically expanded the definition of the commerce clause.
The Supreme Court's ruling in Lemon v. Kurtzman, which led to the Lemon test, concerned the issue of a) school desegregation. b) financial assistance to religious schools. c) cruel and unusual punishment. d) obscenity. e) prayer in school.
b) financial assistance to religious schools.
Digital citizenship requires a) an online subscription to one or more online newspapers. b) high-speed internet access and the skills to use and evaluate online information. c) a social media account. d) maintaining a political blog. e) registering one's computer with the government.
b) high-speed internet access and the skills to use and evaluate online information.
The value of categorical grants a) increased from $2.3 billion in 1950 to approximately $31 billion in 2016. b) increased from $2.3 billion in 1950 to approximately $675 billion in 2016. c) decreased from $31 billion in 1950 to approximately $2 billion in 2016. d) decreased from $667 billion to approximately $2 billion in 2016. e) remained the same between 1950 and 2016
b) increased from $2.3 billion in 1950 to approximately $675 billion in 2016.
Americans' trust in their government a) rose significantly between 1964 and 1980. b) increased immediately following September 11, 2001, but declined shortly thereafter. c) declined immediately after the September 11 attacks but has risen dramatically since 2004. d) reached its highest point ever in the fall of 2011. e) has remained the same over the last 50 years.
b) increased immediately following September 11, 2001, but declined shortly thereafter.
The Supreme Court's decision in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius was significant because a) it affirmed the federal government's absolute power to impose all-or-nothing conditions on state govern-ments attempting to receive federal funding. b) it limited the federal government's power to impose all-or-nothing conditions on state governments attempting to receive federal funding. c) it struck down the individual mandate of the Affordable Care Act as a violation of the interstate commerce clause. d) it eliminated the federal government's ability to provide subsidies for health insurance coverage. e) it invalidated the educational standards and testing requirements imposed by the 2001 no Child Left Behind Act
b) it limited the federal government's power to impose all-or-nothing conditions on state governments attempting to receive federal funding.
Which of the following describes a written statement made in "reckless disregard of the truth" that is con-sidered damaging to a victim because it is "malicious, scandalous, and defamatory"? a) slander b) libel c) speech plus d) fighting words e) expressive speech
b) libel
The practice of tailoring campaign messages to individuals in small, homogeneous groups is referred to as a) indexing. b) micro-targeting. c) winnowing. d) external mobilization. e) internal mobilization.
b) micro-targeting.
A familiar polling problem is the bandwagon effect, which occurs when a) the same results are used over and over again. b) polling results influence people to support the candidate marked as the probable victor in a campaign. c) polling results influence people to support the candidate who is trailing in a campaign. d) background noise makes it difficult for a pollster and a respondent to communicate with each other. e) a large number of people refuse to answer a pollster's questions.
b) polling results influence people to support the candidate marked as the probable victor in a campaign.
The principle that allows the federal government to take over areas of regulation formerly overseen by states or local governments is called a) regulated federalism. b) preemption. c) devolution. d) "layer cake" federalism. e) exemption.
b) preemption.
A tax that places a greater burden on those who are better able to afford it is called a) regressive. b) progressive. c) inflationary. d) a flat tax. e) voodoo economics.
b) progressive.
Which of the following is the term used in public-opinion polling to denote the small group representing the opinions of the whole population? a) control group b) sample c) micro-population d) respondents e) median voters
b) sample
The process by which some of the liberties in the Bill of Rights were applied to the states is known as a) preemption. b) selective incorporation. c) judicial activism. d) civil liberties. e) establishment.
b) selective incorporation.
Most leaks originate with a) low-level government whistle-blowers. b) senior government officials, prominent politicians, and political activists. c) members of the public who witness misbehavior. d) ambassadors from foreign countries. e) members of the media
b) senior government officials, prominent politicians, and political activists
The principle of political equality can be best summed up as a) "equality of results." b) "equality of opportunity." c) "one person, one vote." d) "equality between the sexes." e) "leave everyone alone
c) "one person, one vote."
If a state has 10 members in the U.S. House of Representatives, how many votes in the electoral college does that state have? a) 2 b) 10 c) 12 d) 20 e) The number of votes cannot be determined from this information.
c) 12
How many states currently have an initiative process that lets citizens draft legislation, circulate petitions, and place measures on the ballot for a popular vote? a) 0 b) 12 c) 24 d) 36 e) 50
c) 24
Which statement best describes influence over politics and public policy decisions in the United States? a) All citizens exert an equal influence over politics and public policy decisions in the United States .b) Citizens who are less affluent and less educated have a disproportionately large influence over politics and public policy decisions in the United States. c) Citizens who are more affluent and more educated have a disproportionately large influence over politics and public policy decisions in the United States. d) Less affluent and less educated citizens only exert an influence over politics and public policy decisions when the Democratic Party controls the u.S. Congress. e) Less affluent and less educated citizens only exert an influence over politics and public policy decisions when the Republican Party controls the u.S. Congress.
c) Citizens who are more affluent and more educated have a disproportionately large influence over politics and public policy decisions in the united States.
Which famous case deals with the Sixth Amendment's guarantee of the right to counsel? a) Roe v. Wade b) Mapp v. Ohio c) Gideon v. Wainwright d) Terry v. Ohio e) Miranda v. Arizona
c) Gideon v. Wainwright
In the 2016 general election, voters who said they felt the country and the economy were headed in the wrong direction were most likely to vote for a) Hillary Clinton b) Donald Trump c) Jill Stein d) Gary Johnson e) Jeb Bush
c) Jill Stein
Which of the following statements about Latinos is not accurate? a) Latinos have tended to favor Democratic candidates in recent national elections. b) In some large states, such as California and Texas, Latinos are approaching 50 percent of the population. c) Latinos have tended to favor Republican candidates in recent national elections. d) Latinos make up approximately 17 percent of the population .e) Latino registration and turnout rates have been lower than those of whites and African Americans in recent elections
c) Latinos have tended to favor Republican candidates in recent national elections.
Which of the following statements best describes spending in the federal budget? a) Mandatory and discretionary spending now make up approximately equal parts of the total budget. b) Mandatory spending has been outlawed, and the total budget is now made up of discretionary spending. c) Mandatory spending is now a much larger percent-age of the total budget than discretionary spending. d) Discretionary spending has been outlawed, and the total budget is now made up of mandatory spending. e) Discretionary spending is now a much larger percent-age of the total budget than mandatory spending.
c) Mandatory spending is now a much larger percent-age of the total budget than discretionary spending
Which amendment to the Constitution stated that the powers not delegated to the national government or prohibited to the states were "reserved to the states"? a) First Amendment b) Fifth Amendment c) Tenth Amendment d) Fourteenth Amendment e) Twenty-Sixth Amendment
c) Tenth Amendment
Inflation refers to a) a lack of change in the general level of prices. b) a tax on imported goods. c) a consistent increase in the general level of prices. d) a consistent decrease in the general level of prices. e) an increase in the interest rate on loans between banks.
c) a consistent increase in the general level of prices.
A government that is formally limited in what it can control and how it controls it is known as a) a totalitarian government. b) an authoritarian government. c) a constitutional government. d) an autocracy. e) an oligarchy.
c) a constitutional government.
Adversarial journalism refers to a) the recent shift in American society away from general-purpose sources of information and toward narrowly focused niche sources. b) an era in American history when political parties provided all of the financings for newspapers. c) a form of reporting in which the media adopt a skeptical or even hostile posture toward the opinions and behaviors of their audience. d) a form of reporting in which the media adopt an accepting and friendly posture toward the government and public officials. e) a form of reporting in which the media adopt a skeptical or even hostile posture toward the government and public officials.
c) a form of reporting in which the media adopt a skeptical or even hostile posture toward the opinions and behaviors of their audience
The media's powers to determine what becomes a part of political discussion is known as a) framing. b) priming c) agenda setting. d) selection bias. e) niche journalism.
c) agenda setting.
An open primary is a primary election in which a) one's vote is made public. b) only registered members of the party may vote. c) all registered voters, including independents, are able to choose which party primary they will participate in. d) only two candidates are allowed to run. e) voting is conducted by mail.
c) all registered voters, including independents, are able to choose which party primary they will participate in.
An incumbent is a candidate who a) does not currently hold office. b) has the support of both major parties. c) already holds the office he or she is running for. d) has won his or her party's primary election. e) has been nominated at the party convention.
c) already holds the office he or she is running for.
Supply-side economics is a) an economic theory that argues government regulation of the economy should be limited to environmental protection. b) an economic theory that argues for government ownership of the means of production and distribution. d) an economic theory that argues every taxpayer should pay exactly the same tax rate. c) an economic theory that argues tax reductions will spur economic growth because people will be able to spend and invest more of their money. e) an economic theory that argues all taxes should be paid by the consumers of goods and services rather than the suppliers of goods and services.
c) an economic theory that argues tax reductions will spur economic growth because people will be able to spend and invest more of their money.
Today, the term ______________ refers to someone who generally supports the social and economic status quo and is suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulas and economic arrangements. a) libertarian b) liberal c) conservative d) Democrat e) Whig
c) conservative
Monetary policy seeks to influence the economy through a) taxing and spending. b) privatizing and nationalizing selected industries. c) controlling the availability of money and credit to banks. d) foreign exchange of currency. e) administrative regulation.
c) controlling the availability of money and credit to banks.
A system of government that allows citizens to vote directly on the law through popular initiatives and ballot referendums is called a a) republic b) representative democracy c) direct democracy d) pluralism e) laissez-faire capitalism
c) direct democracy
The relationship between the states and the national government from 1789 to 1937 is known as a) unitary government. b) new Federalism. c) dual federalism. d) cooperative federalism. e) regulated federalism.
c) dual federalism.
Which term describes the division of powers between the national government and the state governments? a) home rule b) separation of powers c) federalism d) checks and balances e) unitary system
c) federalism
States that allow for same-day registration a) have lower overall voter turnout rates than states that do not allow for same-day registration. b) have the same overall voter turnout rates as states that do not allow for same-day registration. c) have higher rates of voter turnout among younger and less educated voters than states that do not allow for same-day registration. d) have overall turnout rates that are very close to 100 percent. e) have lower rates of voter turnout among younger and less educated voters than states that do not allow for same-day registration.
c) have higher rates of voter turnout among younger and less educated voters than states that do not allow for same-day registration.
News reporting devoted to a targeted portion of readers based on content or ideological presentation is called a) nonprofit journalism. b) for-profit journalism. c) niche journalism. d) citizen journalism. e) adversarial journalism.
c) niche journalism.
In general, FCC regulations apply only to a) cable television. b) internet websites. c) over-the-air broadcast media. d) satellite radio. e) newspapers and magazines.
c) over-the-air broadcast media.
The term public opinion is used to describe a) The speeches and writings made by a president during his or her term in office. b) the analysis of events broadcast by news reporters during the evening news. c) the beliefs and attitudes that people have about issues, events, elected officials, and policies. d) decisions of the Supreme Court. e) any political statement that is made by a citizen outside of his or her home.
c) the beliefs and attitudes that people have about issues, events, elected officials, and policies.
The congressional election system in the United States is called "first past the post" because a) candidates must win both a primary election and a general election before taking office. b) seats in the House of Representatives and Senate are allocated to political parties based on their share of the total vote cast in the election. c) the candidate with the most votes wins even if she did not win a majority of the popular vote. d) a candidate can win an election only if he wins a majority of the popular vote. e) more Americans now vote by mail than at their local polling places.
c) the candidate with the most votes wins even if she did not win a majority of the popular vote
The now-defunct requirement that broadcasters provide time for opposing views when they air programs on controversial issues was called a) the equal time rule. b) the free speech doctrine. c) the fairness doctrine. d) the right of rebuttal. e) the response rule.
c) the fairness doctrine.
What is the basic difference between an autocracy and an oligarchy? a) the extent to which average citizens have a say in government affairs b) the means of collecting taxes and conscripting soldiers c) the number of people who control governing decisions d) the size and political influence of the military e) there are no differences between autocracies and oligarchies
c) the number of people who control governing decisions
In Buckley v. Valeo, the Supreme Court ruled that a) PAC donations to campaigns are constitutionally protected. b) candidates cannot spend any of their own money to run for office. c) the right of individuals to spend their own money to campaign is constitutionally protected. d) there is no limit to the number of candidates to whom an individual can contribute. e) the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act is unconstitutional.
c) the right of individuals to spend their own money to campaign is constitutionally protected.
In 2016, Trump and the Republicans received a majority of votes from a) whites and Asian Americans b) whites, Latinos, and women c) whites and men d) African Americans and more affluent voters e) Latinos and young voters
c) whites and men
Which of the following statements about political knowledge is not accurate? a) In general, citizens with high levels of political knowledge are more likely to be partisans (Democrats or republicans). b) In general, citizens with high levels of political knowledge are more likely to have an ideology (liberal or conservative). c) In general, citizens with high levels of political knowledge are better able to evaluate new information and determine if it is consistent with their beliefs and opinions. d) In general, citizens with high levels of political knowledge are less likely to belong to political organizations and to be active in politics. e) In general, citizens with high levels of political knowledge are better able to recognize their political interests and to act to further those interests.
d) In general, citizens with high levels of political knowledge are less likely to belong to political organizations and to be active in politics.
Which of the following statements best describes the history of income inequality in the United States? a) The top 1 percent has never earned more than 10 percent of the nation's annual income. b) The top 1 percent has never earned less than 10 percent of the nation's annual income. c) Income inequality has remained fairly constant since the late 1970s. d) Income inequality has increased considerably since the late 1970s. e) Income inequality has decreased considerably since the late 1970s.
d) Income inequality has increased considerably since the late 1970s.
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that state governments no longer had the authority to make private sexual behavior a crime? a) Texas v. Johnson b) Webster v. Reproductive Health Services c) Gonzales v. Oregon d) Lawrence v. Texas e) Bowers v. Hardwick
d) Lawrence v. Texas
In which case did the Supreme Court create the potential for increased national power by ruling that Congress could use the necessary and proper clause to interpret its delegated powers broadly? a) United States v. Lopez b) Printz v. United States c) Loving v. Virginia d) McCulloch v. Maryland e) Gibbons v. Ogden
d) McCulloch v. Maryland
What does it mean to say that Americans are "abstract conservatives" and "operational liberals"? a) The majority of Americans have no opinions about government in general or about the specific programs the government implements. b) The majority of Americans prefer large government in the abstract and are very supportive of most specific government programs. c) The majority of Americans prefer large government in the abstract but are very opposed to most specific government programs. d) The majority of Americans prefer small government in the abstract but are very supportive most specific government programs. e) The majority of Americans prefer small government in the abstract and are very opposed to most specific government programs.
d) The majority of Americans prefer small government in the abstract but are very supportive most specific government programs
The so-called New Deal coalition was severely strained a) during the 1860s by conflicts over slavery and southern secession. b) during the 1890s by conflicts over the gold standard. c) during the 1930s by conflicts over the Great Depression and America's involvement in World War II. d) during the 1960s by conflicts over civil rights and the Vietnam War. e) during the 1990s by conflicts over abortion and affirmative action.
d) during the 1960s by conflicts over civil rights and the Vietnam War.
To what does the term New Federalism refer? a) the era of federalism initiated by President roosevelt during the late 1930s b) the national government's regulation of state action through grants-in-aid c) the type of federalism that uses categorical grants to influence state action d) efforts to return more policy-making discretion to the states through the use of block grants e) the recent emergence of local governments as important political actors
d) efforts to return more policy-making discretion to the states through the use of block grants
Which of the following techniques is considered most effective in mobilizing voters? a) direct mailings b) "robocalls" c) phone calls made by volunteers d) face-to-face contact e) television advertisements
d) face-to-face contact
Government attempts to affect the economy by using its taxing and spending powers are called a) antitrust policies. b) expropriation policies. c) monetary policies. d) fiscal policies. e) redistributive policies.
d) fiscal policies
The Consumer Confidence Index a) measures how business leaders rate the federal government's regulation of the economy during election years. b) was a federal government program designed to increase economic growth during the Reagan administration. c) has been an inaccurate predictor of presidential outcomes. d) has been a fairly accurate predictor of presidential outcomes. e) is based on government reports of objective economic indicators.
d) has been a fairly accurate predictor of presidential outcomes
Which of the following factors is not currently an obstacle to voting in the United States? a) registration requirements b) that elections occur on Tuesdays c) the restriction of voting rights for people who have committed a felony d) literacy tests e) voter identification laws
d) literacy tests
A cap-and-trade system is an example of which kind of policy approach to global warming? a) adaptation to a warmer climate b) not in my backyard (NIMBY) c) supply-side economics d) mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions e) promotion of alternative energy technologies
d) mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions
The digital divide means a) some citizens watch television news and some do not . b) newspapers rarely publish the same stories on their websites that they do in their print editions. c) few politicians maintain websites once they are elected to office. d) not all citizens have equal access to the internet e) people who learn about politics online are less informed than those who learn about politics through traditional media
d) not all citizens have equal access to the internet
By identifying problems and proposing policies that will expand their party's base of support, party leaders can act as a) whips. b) convention delegates. c) patrons. d) policy entrepreneurs. e) party activists.
d) policy entrepreneurs.
The process by which Americans learn political beliefs and values is called a) brainwashing. b) propaganda. c) indoctrination. d) political socialization. e) political development.
d) political socialization.
Services that citizens need but are unlikely to provide for themselves, such as national defense, maintenance of public order, and a stable currency, are called a) laissez-faire goods. b) pluralist goods. c) provisional goods. d) public goods. e) private goods.
d) public goods. +96+
Public funding of presidential campaigns was a) outlawed by the Federal Election Campaign Act. b) declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in McCutcheon et al. v. Federal Election Commission. c) accepted by both major-party presidential candidates in 2016. d) rejected by all four major-party presidential candidates in 2012 and 2016. e) limited to only $25 million in 2008, 2012, and 2016.
d) rejected by all four major-party presidential candidates in 2012 and 2016.
. Monetary policy is determined primarily by a) state governments. b) the Department of the Treasury. c) the federal judiciary. d) the Federal Reserve Board. e) the president.
d) the Federal Reserve Board.
In District of Columbia v. Heller, the Supreme Court ruled that a) states can require citizens to own firearms. b) federal grants can be used to support the formation of state militias. c) felons cannot be prevented from purchasing assault rifles. d) the Second Amendment provides a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for self-defense. e) the Second Amendment applies only to the federal government and not to states.
d) the Second Amendment provides a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for self-defense.
What is digital citizenship? a) a new government initiative to expand online voter registration b) the ability to vote online c) an online certification program that allows immigrants to become American citizens d) the ability to participate in society online e) a new government initiative to provide daily legislative updates online
d) the ability to participate in society online
Which of the following is not determined at a party's national convention? a) the party's candidate for president b) the party's candidate for vice president c) the party's campaign platform for the presidential race d) the congressional committees' party representatives will be assigned to e) the rules and regulations governing party procedures
d) the congressional committees' party representatives will be assigned to
Voter-registration requirements and processes are determined and controlled by a) local governments. b) the federal government. c) the U.S. Constitution. d) the states. e) an independent organization.
d) the states.
When state and local governments must conform to costly federal regulations or conditions in order to receive grants but do not receive reimbursements for their expenditures it is called a) states' rights. b) block grants. c) general revenue sharing. d) unfunded mandate. e) redistributive programs.
d) unfunded mandate.
One reason that there are fewer women than men in elected office is that a) there is a limit set by the Constitution on the number of women who can serve in the House of Representatives. b) fewer women are eligible to run for office under the rules created by state and local governments. c) women are less likely to vote in elections than men. d) women are less likely to run for office than men. e) women are less likely to win elections than men.
d) women are less likely to run for office than men.
Three stages of John Zaller's model of opinion forma-tion are a) "skim," "scan," and "sample." b) "skim," "scan," and "accept." c) "skim," "receive," and "accept." d) "scan," "receive," and "accept." e) "receive," "accept," and "sample."
e) "receive," "accept," and "sample."
The argument for laissez-faire capitalism was first elaborated by a) Ben Bernanke. b) Milton Friedman. c) Alan Greenspan. d) James Madison. e) Adam Smith.
e) Adam Smith.
Which of the following is not related to the American conception of liberty? a) freedom of speech b) economic freedom c) freedom of religion d) freedom of assembly e) All of the above are related to the American conception of liberty.
e) All of the above are related to the American conception of liberty.
Which of the following rights was not included in the original Constitution? \ a) prohibition of bills of attainder b) prohibition of ex post facto laws c) guarantee of habeas corpus d) guarantee of trial by jury in the state where the crime was committed e) None. They were all included in the original Constitution.
e) None. They were all included in the original Constitution.
Which of the following is called "the oldest institution known to the Constitution"? a) The Third Amendment's freedom from forced quartering of soldiers during peacetime. b) The Fourth Amendment's freedom from warrantless search and seizure. c) The Fifth Amendment's right to remain silent. d) The Fifth Amendment's right against self-incrimination and forced confessions. e) The Fifth Amendment's right to a grand jury in order to determine whether a trial is warranted.
e) The Fifth Amendment's right to a grand jury in order to determine whether a trial is warranted.
Which party was formed in the 1830s in opposition to Andrew Jackson's presidency? a) American Independent b) Federalist c) Jeffersonian Republican d) Democratic e) Whig
e) Whig
. Which of the following statements about young people's political attitudes is most accurate? a) Younger people are less supportive of strong environmental laws than older people. b) Younger people are less concerned about economic inequality than older people. c) Younger people express less tolerance for personal freedoms than older people. d) Younger people are less concerned about national security than older people. e) Younger people are more supportive of funding for public education and colleges than older people.
e) Younger people are more supportive of funding for public education and colleges than older people.
African Americans a) almost never participate in politics. b) consistently support the Republican Party in elections. c) vote at much higher rates than whites. d) Latinos make up approximately 17 percent of the population. d) have never voted as a cohesive bloc. e) are more likely to participate when they feel a shared sense of collective identity.
e) are more likely to participate when they feel a shared sense of collective identity.
Super PACs a) were outlawed by the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act. b) are ineligible for tax-exempt status under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code. c) are campaign fund-raising organizations legally affiliated with the Democratic National Committee. d) are prohibited from running advertisements during election campaigns. e) can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money as long as their activities are not coordinated with those of the formal party organizations or the candidates.
e) can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money as long as their activities are not coordinated with those of the formal party organizations or the candidates.
The decline in partisan attachment in the electorate, the growth in the number of voters identifying as independent, and the rise in so-called split-ticket voting was referred to a) partisan polarization. b) independentfiction. c) unalignment. d) realignment. e) dealignment.
e) dealignment.
The periodic episodes in American history in which an "old" dominant political party is replaced by a "new" dominant political party are called a) constitutional revolutions. b) divided governments. c) unified governments. d) Dealignments. e) electoral realignments.
e) electoral realignments.
Which constitutional clause requires that states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions of other states? a) privileges and immunities clause b) necessary and proper clause c) interstate commerce clause d) preemption clause e) full faith and credit clause
e) full faith and credit clause
To win under the plurality system used in most American elections a candidate must receive a) more than 50 percent of the popular vote. b) more than 50 percent in the runoff election. c) more than two-thirds of the popular vote. d) more than 75 percent of the popular vote. e) more votes than his or her opponents, regardless of the percentage.
e) more votes than his or her opponents, regardless of the percentage.
Political efficacy is the belief that a) government is wasteful and corrupt. b) government operates efficiently. c) government has grown too large. d) government cannot be trusted. e) ordinary citizens can influence what the government does
e) ordinary citizens can influence what the government does
Which of the following provisions of the Bill of Rights was incorporated in the 1897 Supreme Court case Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy R.R. v. Chicago? a) the right to counsel in any criminal trial b) the right against self-incrimination c) freedom from unnecessary searches and seizures d) freedom to petition the government for redress of grievances e) protection against the "taking" of private property by state governments "without just compensation"
e) protection against the "taking" of private property by state governments "without just compensation"
A policy whose objective is to tax or spend in such a way as to reduce the disparities of wealth between the highest and lowest income brackets is called a) antitrust policy. b) deregulation. c) discretionary spending. d) equalization. e) redistribution.
e) redistribution.
Which of the following features of the House of Representatives is determined by a vote of the whole membership rather than by decisions within each party? a) the assignments of individual members to particular committees. b) advancement up the committee ladder. c) the ability of individual members to transfer from one committee to another. d) the use of the seniority system for determining committee chairs. e) selection of the Speaker of the House.
e) selection of the Speaker of the House.
Which of the following is not a form of traditional political participation? a) volunteering for a campaign b) attending an abortion rights rally c) displaying a yard sign for a Republican congressional candidate d) voting in an election e) signing an online petition
e) signing an online petition
If a voter supports candidates from more than one party in the same election, she is said to be engaging in a) retrospective voting. b) two-way voting. c) prospective voting. d) straight-ticket voting. e) split-ticket voting.
e) split-ticket voting.
The judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on the government when it seeks to regulate or restrict speech is called a) judicial restraint. b) judicial activism. c) habeas corpus. d) prior restraint. e) strict scrutiny.
e) strict scrutiny.
Which of the following is not a reason that many Americans appear to prefer online news? a) the convenience of getting news online b) the up-to-the-minute currency of the information available online c) the depth of the information available online d) the diversity of online viewpoints e) the accuracy and objectivity compared to traditional media outlets
e) the accuracy and objectivity compared to traditional media outlets
The fact that women tend to oppose military intervention more than men do is an example of a) the rally around the flag effect. b) partisan polarization. c) the peace paradox. d) the bandwagon effect. e) the gender gap.
e) the gender gap.