poopy

4) Which kind of seismic wave is fastest-moving? A)P waves B)S waves C)surface waves D)seismic waves all travel at the same speed

Answer: A

True-False 26)The North American Cordillera consists of many terranes which bear magnetic and fossil evidence suggesting they originated far to the south of the modern-day positions.

Answer: TRUE

49)________ are accreted crustal fragments that have distinct geologic histories from that of the adjoining crust.

Answer: Terranes

43)________ are destructive sea waves induced by earthquakes.

Answer: Tsunami

51)Sediment scraped off the subducting plate builds up in a(n) ________. A nice example of this can be seen in central California's coast ranges.

Answer: accretionary wedge

52) Most orogenesis occurs along ________ plate boundaries.

Answer: convergent

44)The ________ is the site of initial rupturing associated with an earthquake.

Answer: hypocenter (or focus)

54)The iron and nickel that are thought to dominate the core originally came from ________, the "building blocks" that originally formed Earth.

Answer: meteorites

47)Horsts and grabens are bounded by ________.

Answer: normal faults

45)The ________ is a layer in Earth's interior that is in a liquid state.

Answer: outer core

48)The east coast of present-day North America is a good example of a(n) ________ continental margin.

Answer: passive

42)A(n) ________ is an instrument that is used to record earthquake vibrations.

Answer: seismograph

50)The difference between a continent and a microcontinent is ________.

Answer: size

53)In general, buildings constructed on ________ fare better in an earthquake than buildings constructed on ________, as this material amplifies seismic shaking.

Answer: solid bedrock; loose sediments

41)Earth has ________ distinct kinds of crust.

Answer: two

46)The ________ is the cool, brittle, outer layer of Earth that includes the crust and uppermost mantle. Answer: lithosphere

lithosphere

29)Thrust faults shorten the crust horizontally and thicken it vertically.

true

) When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source region, called the ________, the spot in Earth's crust where a fault slips. A) hypocenterB) epicenterC) scarpD) seismic zone

Answer: A

15) During an earthquake near Port Royal, Jamaica, the water-saturated sand on which the city was built vigorously shook. As a result, the sand particles lost contact with one another, giving the mixture the consistency of a thick milk shake. Anything supported by the ground, such as buildings and people, either floated or sank. One eyewitness stated: "Whole streets with inhabitants were swallowed up. . . . Some were swallowed quite down, and cast up again by great quantities of water; others went down and were never more seen." This is a description of ________. A) liquefactionB) tsunami C) landslideD) subsidence

Answer: A

21) ________ is/are an example of ductile deformation. A) FoldsB) Dip-slip faults C) Strike-slip faults D) Earthquakes

Answer: A

22) What kind of fault is illustrated in this figure? A) normal fault B) reverse fault C) thrust fault D) strike-slip fault

Answer: A

25) How did the Himalayas form? A)collision of India and Eurasia B)stretching of the crust to produce fault block mountains C)movement on a strike-slip fault D)collision and accretion of many small terranes including island arcs and microcontinents

Answer: A

9) Examine the graph. After a P wave (blue line) has been traveling for 5 minutes, how much distance has been covered by an S wave (red line) generated by the same earthquake? Examine the graph. After a P wave (blue line) has been traveling for 5 minutes, how much distance has been covered by an S wave (red line) generated by the same earthquake? A) 1200 kmB) 1900 km C) 2500 kmD) 3100 km

Answer: A

11) Approximately how much more energy is released in an earthquake of Richter magnitude 6.5 than in a magnitude 5.5 earthquake? A) 3.2B) 32C) 320 D) 3,200

Answer: B

13) The record of an earthquake obtained from a seismic instrument is a(n) ________. A) seismographB) seismogramC) P-S graph d.epitaph

Answer: B

2) Where is the epicenter of an earthquake? A)where the rock on either side of a fault moves B)on Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter C)where the fault meets Earth's surface D)wherever we find the most damage from the earthquake

Answer: B

20) Which of the following statements about the mantle is TRUE? A)The lithospheric mantle moves independently of the overlying plates. B)The asthenosphere and lower mantle are made of roughly the same composition material, only it behaves differently in the asthenosphere. C)The lower mantle is significantly less dense than the upper mantle. D)The upper mantle is liquid, but the lower mantle is solid.

Answer: B

16) Our greatest source of knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ________. A) drill holesB) deep mine shaftsC) seismic waves D) volcanic eruptions

Answer: C

17) Seismic waves travel faster ________. A)in materials that are more rigid or less compressible B)deeper in Earth's interior C)both of the above D)none of the above

Answer: C

19) Earth's core is interpreted to consist mainly of ________. A) graniteB) basalt C) iron and nickel D) mostly solid rock with a small amount of melt due to the temperature-pressure regime

Answer: C

23) What kind of fold is illustrated in this photograph? Atwhat sort of tectonic boundary situation is it likely to have formed? A)anticline; divergent B)syncline; divergent C)anticline; convergent D)syncline; convergent

Answer: C

3) Three of the following statements are wrong. One is correct. Which of the following statements is correct? A)P waves travel through solids; S waves do not. B)P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids. C)S waves travel through solids, but only P waves travel through liquids. D)P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.

Answer: C

5) Which kind of seismic wave is responsible for the most shaking (and thus,the most damage to human structures)? A)P waves B)S waves C)surface waves D)scarp waves

Answer: C

8) On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes. A) P wavesB) S waves C)surface waves D) body waves

Answer: C

12) The distance between a seismological recording station and the earthquake source is determined from the ________. A) earthquake magnitudeC) intensity of the earthquakeB)length of the seismic record D) arrival times of P and S waves

Answer: D

14) The earthquake belt with the greatest level of activity is the ________. A) San Andreas FaultB) Alpine-Himalayan BeltC) East Pacific Rise D) Circum-Pacific Belt

Answer: D

18) Which one of the following statements about the crust is NOT true? A) It is the thinnest of the major subdivisions. B)It is thickest where prominent mountains exist. C)Continental rocks are compositionally different than oceanic rocks. D)Oceanic crust has an average composition of granite.

Answer: D

24) Mountain belts form by ________. A)accretion of terranes B)orogenesis C)eruption of a continental volcanic arc D)all of the above

Answer: D

7) The amount of destruction caused by earthquake vibrations is affected by the ________. A)design of structures like roads and buildings B)intensity and duration of the seismic vibrations C)nature of the surface material D)all of the above

Answer: D

27)A normal fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks.

Answer: FALSE

30)This photo shows an anticline.

Answer: FALSE

32)These rock layers in this photo have experienced elastic deformation.

Answer: FALSE

34) Seismic waves may reflect, but not diffract or refract, as they encounter different layers in Earth's interior.

Answer: FALSE

36) A tsunami looks like a massive, curling wave that towers above the coast before smashing into it.

Answer: FALSE

37)In this figure, the letter "C" is the location.

Answer: FALSE

38)Domes are broad circular downwarped structures.

Answer: FALSE

55)________ are brittle structures.

Answer: Faults

28)In a reverse fault, the hanging wall block moves up with respect to the footwall block.

Answer: TRUE

31) The mountains and valleys of the Basin and Range Province of western United States formed in response to tensional stresses and normal faulting.

Answer: TRUE

33)An accretionary wedge is a typical feature found along subduction zones.

Answer: TRUE

35) Earth's divergent oceanic ridge system produces a belt of earthquake activity where seafloor spreading generates many frequent quakes of small magnitude.

Answer: TRUE

39)Subduction leads to orogenesis.

Answer: TRUE

40) Terranes are relatively small crustal fragments (microcontinents, volcanic island arcs, or oceanic plateaus) that may be accreted to continents when subduction brings them to a trench.

Answer: TRUE

10) With regard to earthquakes, what distinguishes intensity from magnitude? A)Intensity is a measure of how much energy is released by the earthquake, but magnitude is a rough measure of local shaking. B)Magnitude is a measure of how much energy is released by the earthquake, but intensity is a rough measure of local shaking. C)Intensity and magnitude both depend on people reporting their experiences. D)Magnitude cannot be measured from a distance using seismograms.

b

6) Which one of the following is true of most tsunamis? A) They are faster than seismic surface waves. B)Their wave heights decrease and wavelengths increase as they move into shallower water. C)They are usually started by sudden movement on a megathrust fault, and have wavelengths that are many kilometers long and wave heights of less than a meter. D) They only occur in the Pacific Ocean basin.

c