Pop Health Final Practice Questions
Chloroquine-resistant malaria occurs in most of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia and all of the South Pacific islands. This type of disease occurrence is known as: A) Endemic B) Epidemic C) Pandemic D) Outbreak
A
Public health nursing is distinguished from other specialties by adherence to eight principles. Which is one of the eight domains of public health nursing practice? A) Analytic assessment skills B) Investigation of disease C) Referral and follow-up D) Case management
A
The client reports diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps 24 hours following exposure to raw eggs while cooking. An efficient and effective homemade oral rehydration solution is to stir: A) One level teaspoon of salt and eight level teaspoons of sugar into one quart or liter of clean drinking water B) Eight level teaspoons of salt and one level teaspoon of sugar into one quart or liter of clean drinking water C) One level teaspoon of salt and one level teaspoon of sugar into one quart or liter of clean drinking water D) Eight level teaspoons of salt and eight level teaspoons of sugar into one quart or liter of clean drinking water
A
The community health nurse addresses cyber bullying in the local middle schools. Currently, there are no policies in place for this issue. The most appropriate first step is to: A) Explore current programs to prevent bullying and youth violence B) Develop rules for acceptable and safe use of all electronic media for all students C) Ban use of the Internet at all schools D) Actively monitor students' social media postings
A
The community health nurse assesses the neighborhood in which the clients live. When observing the physical environment, the nurse notes that most of the homes in the neighborhood are well kept and the children playing in the yards are wearing clean clothing. The children appear well nourished. The nurse determines that the neighborhood has little need for a well-child clinic. This assessment is based on: A) Subjective data B) Objective data C) Cognitive analysis D) Valid data
A
The community health nurse explores pedestrian access to all healthcare facilities in the community. Which tool would be most helpful in performing this task? A) Geographic information systems B) Functional health pattern C) Epidemiologic model D) Developmental model
A
The community is concerned about public safety and the care of their elders living at home. When the nurse assesses the community, the nurse finds there is potential to solve their problems within the community setting without outside resources. The plans to meet the community needs are accepted by the members of the community. Which action has been most successfully demonstrated in your assessment of this community? A) Make the assessment process empowering to the community B) Assess the community through interview and share findings in a timely manner C) Involve the community when there is difficulty with the assessment D) Create an environment of change within the community
A
3. Which characterize health inequities? (Select all that apply.) A) Necessary B) Unfair C) Resulting from social injustices D) Avoidable E) Natural
B, C, D
A student nurse asks if an infectious disease is the same thing as a communicable disease. The nurse explains that an infectious disease is not necessarily a communicable disease. Which must a communicable disease have that an infectious disease does not have to have? (Select all that apply.) A) Pathogenic microorganism B) Portal of exit from the infected person C) Means of transmission D) Portal of entry to a susceptible host E) Organism that harbors the infectious agent
B, C, D
Select the great public health achievements in the United States in the 20th century. (Select all that apply.) A) Elimination of common infectious diseases B) Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard C) Fluoridation of drinking water D) Healthier mothers and babies E) Decline in the percentage of obese and overweight people
B, C, D
Why is there an increasing use of home monitoring devices? (Select all that apply.) A) Rising number of people with acute conditions B) Increased need to deliver healthcare to medically underserved populations C) Advances in technology to assess clients' conditions in their home D) Performing assessments in real time using Internet video systems E) Decline in the number of older adults
B, C, D
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends which methods for improving the food environments of school-aged children and adolescents? (Select all that apply.) A) Preserving social norms of adolescents B) School-based prevention C) Policy and regulatory strategies D) Strategic use of media E) Coordination of statewide and local activities
B, C, D, E
Which health education interventions are appropriate for the school nurse to perform? (Select all that apply.) A) Teaching faculty members how to assess their students for upper respiratory illnesses B) Teaching a student how and when to use her EpiPen C) Teaching a 6th-grade class about the consequences of cyber bullying D) Counseling a student about tobacco use E) Teaching a group of students with eating disorders about a healthy view of food
B, C, D, E
In the United States, detention centers, jails, and prisons are places that provide safety to the public by incarcerating people who have committed crimes and who are deemed a threat to society. Which demographics are true of the majority of inmates? (Select all that apply.) A) Incarcerated for violent crimes B) Latino or African-American C) Average age of 37 years D) Serving sentences of more than 10 years E) Male gender
B, C, E
Which core functions of the government address the health of its citizens? (Select all that apply.) A) Providing healthcare directly to its citizens B) Assessing healthcare problems C) Developing healthcare policy that provides access to services D) Building state-of-the-art hospitals E) Ensuring delivery of healthcare services and achievement of desired outcomes
B, C, E
Following a hurricane, the disaster team chooses to use a collaborative model to assess the needs of the community. Each team member is given a community analysis and assigned the task to create a tentative plan of action. Why would the use of a collaborative model hamper the progress of the assessment and plan in a disaster? (Select all that apply.) A) Individual decision-making creates bias. B) Assessment is time-consuming. C) Approach to problem solving is linear. D) Approaches must be preestablished. E) Collaboration is limited.
B, D
Which most accurately characterize Medicare clients with acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) who are treated in rural hospitals? (Select all that apply.) A) Less likely to experience an opportunistic infection than those in urban hospitals B) Less likely to receive recommended treatments than those in urban hospitals C) More likely to have a second AMI within a month of the first than those in urban hospitals D) Have significantly higher adjusted 30-day post-AMI death rates from all causes than those in urban hospitals E) Experience faster recovery times than those in urban hospitals
B, D
11. Select the examples of social marketing. (Select all that apply.) A) Ad campaign for a new brand of toothpaste B) Brochure placed in obstetricians' offices promoting the benefits of breastfeeding C) Infomercial on television presenting the advantages of a piece of exercise equipment D) Billboard illustrating the dangers of texting while driving E) Posters placed in college dormitories encouraging condom use
B, D, E
A 27-year-old client comes from a background of physical and sexual abuse. Violence victimization continued with her partners until recently. She is currently in a support group for victims of abuse. The client's social background places her at risk for: (Select all that apply.) A) Increased safe sex behaviors B) Decreased safe sex behaviors C) Decreased risk for HIV/AIDS D) Increased risk for HIV/AIDS E) Increased risk of depression
B, D, E
21. Which is the first step in developing a plan for evaluating a community-level intervention? A) Determine indicators or measures to answer evaluation questions B) Decide what method you will use to collect data C) Develop evaluation questions D) Decide how you will communicate your results
C
The nurse is in charge of a local community program that uses a logic model as a planning and communication tool. Which key components are included in this model? (Select all that apply.) A) Milestones for completing a community health clinic B) Plan to conduct cholesterol screenings C) Need for a nurse practitioner to manage the clinic D) Malaria prevention programs for developing nations E) Possible locations for the health clinic
A, B, C, E
Which services are reimbursable by Medicaid? (Select all that apply.) A) Speech/language therapy and evaluations B) Occupational therapy and evaluations C) Physical therapy and evaluations D) Nutrition screening and evaluations E) Allergy testing and evaluations
A, B, C, E
4. Which changes in the environment (second level from the bottom of the health impact pyramid) make the choice for a healthy behavior the default or easy choice? (Select all that apply.) A) Iodization of salt B) Restrictions on smoking in public places C) Community immunization programs D) Changing food manufacturing to eliminate trans fats E) Treatment of hypertension
A, B, D
7. Which aspects of Lewin's change theory will help people visualize and create needed change? (Select all that apply.) A) Unfreezing the status quo B) Changing or moving to a new state C) Enforcing the status quo D) Refreezing to sustain the change or changes made E) Increasing restraining forces
A, B, D
An elementary school student comes to school nurse's office reporting a headache. The nursing assessment begins by gathering which subjective data? (Select all that apply.) A) Where it hurts on the child's head B) Whether the pain is constant, throbbing, or intermittent C) What the child's temperature is on arrival D) How bad the pain is on a scale of 1 to 10 E) The presence of a bruise on the child's forehead
A, B, D
The nurse assesses a community undergoing change. Five years ago, a series of setbacks caused the local foundry to close. Through interviews, the nurse discovers that generations of families worked at the foundry. Research indicates that no other businesses have been able to provide work for those who no longer work at the foundry. Developmental data gathered through this research into the community's history will help the nurse: (Select all that apply.) A) Determine what resources were available before the foundry closed B) Determine what variables may have enhanced or detracted from community development C) Develop an understanding of the community's strengths and resources today D) Understand cultural changes within the community over time E) Identify where in the community health clinics are most needed
A, B, D
The nurse works in a facility that provides hospice care for clients with cancer diagnoses. The nurse recognizes that the care provided in this facility is tertiary in nature. The nurse develops a plan for the clients that would include the tenets of tertiary prevention. The plan would include: (Select all that apply.) A) Palliative care B) Pain control C) Isolation D) Supportive spiritual development E) Diminished involvement of significant others
A, B, D
The school nurse at a public high school recently noticed an increase in students smoking before and after school. Using the community school model to reduce tobacco use among your students, which interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.) A) Starting an after-school tobacco cessation program with the assistance of local representatives of the American Cancer Society B) Having a local clinical oncologist speak at a PTA meeting about the hazards of tobacco use among children C) Confronting groups of students while they are smoking with information regarding the school's smoking policy and the dangers of smoking D) Promoting the community's "great smoke-out" smoking cessation event each year E) Encouraging the school's administration to designate a single smoking area outside to limit nonsmokers' exposure to the smoke
A, B, D
13. The nurse researches the role of nurse-managed health centers in the city. Which are common characteristics of these centers? (Select all that apply.) A) Led by advanced-practice nurses B) Serve upper-income mothers and children C) Emphasize health promotion, disease prevention, and health education D) Provide clinical practice for nursing students and faculty E) Offer specialized programs to meet the needs of specific population aggregates
A, C, D, E
Infectious agents are biological agents capable of producing an infection or infectious disease. Which are considered biological agents? (Select all that apply.) A) Fungi B) Fomites C) Bacteria D) Viruses E) Helminths
A, C, D, E
1. Which are recommendations made by the World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH)? (Select all that apply.) A) Improve conditions under which all people are born, grow, live, work, and age B) Provide increased funding for research of genetic disorders C) Ensure more equitable distribution of power, money, and resources D) Instill a sense of personal responsibility for one's health in each person E) Expand knowledge of the social determinants of health
A, C, E
Definitions of rural areas are based on which concepts? (Select all that apply.) A) Administrative B) Religious C) Land-use D) Political E) Economic
A, C, E
Health People 2020 (HP 2020) is a guidepost for nurses and interdisciplinary teams in community and public health. New focal areas for HP 2020 include: (Select all that apply.) A) Adolescent health B) Diabetes C) Genomics D) Nutrition and weight status E) Social determinants of health
A, C, E
How can genomics help improve care of underserved populations? (Select all that apply.) A) Identify increased risk in certain populations for specific diseases. B) Boost the immune system of individuals in the community. C) Predict how a community might metabolize medications. D) Reduce the cost of medications. E) Predict a community's unique vulnerability to environmental changes that can control gene expression in some diseases.
A, C, E
Secondary HIV prevention or positive prevention is used when caring for African-American women living with HIV by addressing which behavioral risks? (Select all that apply.) A) Interpersonal mistrust B) Alcoholism C) Poor adherence to treatment D) Smoking E) Compromised self-advocacy in sexual relationships
A, C, E
Which factors place an individual at high risk for acquiring a sexually transmitted infection (STI)? (Select all that apply.) A) Having multiple sexual partners B) Using a condom during sex C) Having no other STIs D) Having a sexual partner who has had an STI E) Receiving a blood transfusion
A, D
The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBSS) outlines common risk behaviors influencing the health of the nation's youth. Which risk factors are included on this survey? (Select all that apply.) A) Unintentional injury B) Sports-related trauma C) Sleep deprivation D) Sexual behaviors E) Alcohol use
A, D, E
5. Which exemplify clinical interventions (the level just above the middle of the health impact pyramid)? (Select all that apply.) A) Administration of insulin injections for diabetes B) Restrictions on smoking in public places C) Community immunization programs D) Instruction provided by a nurse regarding proper nutrition E) Treatment of hypertension
A, E
A client arrives at the clinic reporting diarrhea and flu-like symptoms. On questioning, the client tells the nurse about a family gathering she attended recently where she had some smoked seafood. Which foodborne illness should the nurse most suspect in this client? A) Campylobacter B) Listeria monocytogenes C) Salmonella D) Escherichia coli O157:H7
B
A high school graduate has decided to pursue a career in public health nursing. Which represents the minimum educational credential that this student will need to obtain entry into public health nursing practice? A) Associate's B) Baccalaureate C) Master's D) Doctorate
B
Which is a Healthy People 2020 goal? A) Decrease the incidence of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death B) Reduce health inequity, decrease disparities, and improve the health of certain groups C) Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all D) Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors for the geriatric stage of life
C
Which occurred as a result of the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975? A) Children with disabilities were provided tax-funded tutors for home education. B) Children with mental disabilities were entitled to a tax-funded education at a special education private school. C) Children with chronic or complex medical issues were entitled to a public education. D) Children with physical disabilities were provided grants to attend the college of their choice.
C
Which was a duty performed by district nurses in Liverpool, England, in 1865? A) Use epidemiologic knowledge and methods B) Encourage community organization C) Report facts to and ask questions of physicians D) Assist physicians with surgery in the newly constructed hospitals
C
A nurse is coordinating a plan to bring vaccinations in a cost-effective way to a rural community that currently lacks access to them. This is an example of which public health intervention? A) Surveillance B) Outreach C) Screening D) Case management
D
A nurse performs a variety of tasks as part of the nurse's position at a hospital. Which task best exemplifies public health? A) Reading current nursing journals and integrating the latest research into daily practice B) Instructing a client on how to best care for a suture site at home C) Participating in a videoconference call with a client who lives in a remote area D) Facilitating a community-wide smoking cessation program one month out of the year
D
When the community collaborates in a plan to create services and education to enhance their health and well-being, the plan is most likely to: A) Create an environment that fosters change B) Have an increased rate of success C) Empower the community but diminish the rate of success D) Shift the focus from dependency to empowerment
D
Which agency has an electronic surveillance system for the early notification of community-based epidemics? A) Department of Health and Human Services B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention C) World Health Organization D) Department of Defense
D
Which correctly ranks the top four rural health priorities according to the Healthy People goals? A) (1) Access to quality healthcare, (2) mental health and mental disorders, (3) diabetes, (4) heart disease B) (1) Mental health and mental disorders, (2) access to quality healthcare, (3) heart disease, (4) diabetes C) (1) Diabetes, (2) heart disease, (3) mental health and mental disorders, (4) access to quality healthcare D) (1) Access to quality healthcare, (2) heart disease, (3) diabetes, (4) mental health and mental disorders
D
Which is the most appropriate intervention to use in a school-based substance abuse program? A) Integrating students' goals with those of a prevention program B) Assessing the needs and interests of the group carefully after selecting a program C) Designing a program that is knowledge based D) Designing an interactive, behavior-focused program
D
Which type of assessment considers a configuration of behaviors that occur sequentially over time? A) Asset-based assessment B) Epidemiologic model C) Collaborative model D) Functional health pattern
D
10. As an advocate for leukemia research, the nurse along with many others succeeded in urging the U.S. Congress to debate and vote on a bill that significantly increases federal funding for this research. Which system level would such an intervention address? A) Upstream B) Mainstream C) Sidestream D) Downstream
A
A 34-year-old client is recovering from a below-the-knee amputation secondary to a motor vehicle accident. The nurse meets with the client to update his care plan, and client states that he knows that he will walk again. He asks for physical therapy schedules and timelines for prosthetics on the basis of his healing process. On the basis of knowledge of the theory of reasoned action, the client's behavior reflects: A) An enhanced ability to meet his goals on the basis of his intention and behaviors B) Goal setting that is unrealistic and irrational based on the client's diagnosis and behaviors C) A depression that will complicate the healing process D) Denial of the injury and part of the healing process
A
A client presents with severe diarrhea. The client tells the nurse that she went to a chicken roast at church the previous weekend. The nurse suspects a foodborne illness. Which cause of bacterial foodborne illness should the nurse most suspect in this case? A) Campylobacter B) Listeria monocytogenes C) Salmonella D) Escherichia coli
A
A client wants to know the best way to avoid sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The nurse should mention: A) Abstinence B) Monogamous relationship with an infected partner C) Washing the genitals after sex D) Use of latex condoms
A
A client with tuberculosis sneezes in the waiting room and infects several other clients who are sitting on the other side of the room. Which mechanism of transmission is involved in this case? A) Airborne B) Droplet C) Direct contact D) Indirect contact
A
A nurse is striving to practice patient-centered care at a hospital. Which action best exemplifies providing patient-centered care? A) Having a client complete a self-reported functional status indicator and then reviewing it with the client B) Explaining to a client the benefits of computer-assisted robotic surgical techniques, which the hospital recently implemented C) Recording a client's signs and symptoms in an electronic health record D) Performing continuous glucose monitoring of a client while the client is in the hospital
A
Absenteeism due to illness has increased recently in the local middle school. The increase is noted to be related to exacerbation of asthma symptoms in the student population. Which would be the most effective approach in decreasing absenteeism among this population? A) Develop an asthma education and surveillance program that addresses students, families, and faculty members. B) Develop a policy to exclude students with a diagnosis of asthma from admission to the school. C) Create an asthma prevention plan within the school environment, based in the school nurse's office. D) Create an education program for faculty related to the prevention of exacerbation of asthma systems.
A
The local clinic is dedicated to the well adult and child. It has evening hours and offers varied programs for the community. The programs include immunizations and classes on fire safety, health education, and car safety, to name a few. How would the nurse explain the level of prevention used in this setting to your colleagues? A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary D) Quaternary
A
The nurse conducts a community assessment in a town once supported by multiple paper factories. The factories closed 2 years ago and most of the population is now out of work. The school nurse notes that 68% of the students are behind schedule in their physicals and immunizations. On the basis of this community assessment, the nurse should recommend: A) Initiation of neighborhood clinics at low or no cost to the community B) Creation of a task force to assess the impact of low income on immunization compliance C) A formal petition to the local government to mandate immunizations by imposing monetary fines on parents whose children are not immunized D) A tax relief program for new companies wishing to settle in the community
A
The nurse decided to use a learning model based on Skinner with a client with diabetes to improve compliance with dietary and blood glucose assessment requirements. Which would be the best way to implement this program? A) Give rewards for a lower blood sugar level and a food diary that reflects moderate dietary compliance. B) Eliminate the reward and punish the client when she fails to comply with dietary guidelines. C) Demonstrate positive reinforcement by decreasing dietary guidelines and blood sugar parameters. D) Institute a strict timeline to accomplish goals.
A
The nurse is reviewing the sources of funding for the local community health intervention program on smoking cessation. In the federal grant proposal, the nurse elaborates on all the various local organizations and private foundations that have pledged to support the program after initial funding from the grant ends. The nurse also explains the plan for ongoing fundraising efforts for the program for years to come. With these comments, the nurse is attempting to establish which essential component of funding? A. Sustainability B.Program replication C. Clinical expertise D. Accountability
A
The nurse visits a community health clinic in a remote rural area, at which emergency care is not provided because the facility lacks the medical staff necessary to offer such services. Based on this information, which is the most accurate description of this situation? A) Health professional shortage area B) Medically underserved area C) Medically underserved population D) Undeserved population
A
Who achieved widespread recognition during the Civil War, distributing supplies to wounded soldiers and caring for the casualties with the help of a team of nurses? A) Clara Barton B) Dorothea Dix C) Lemuel Shattuck D) Lillian Wald
A
When an infectious agent enters the host and begins to multiply, an infection occurs. The time between exposure to an infectious agent and the manifestation of symptoms in the host is known as: A) Carrier time B) Colonization C) Incubation period D) Latent period
C
Personal responsibility for health involves active participation in one's own health through education and lifestyle changes. Which exemplify personal responsibility? (Select all that apply.) A) Reviewing one's own medical records B) Monitoring the positive and negative effects of prescription and over-the-counter medications C) Avoiding tobacco and recreational drug use D) Showing up for scheduled tests and procedures E) Eating the types of foods one most enjoys
A, B, C, D
12. The nurse decided to approach local organizations for financial and in-kind support for a new community health initiative. On which local resources can the nurse draw? (Select all that apply.) A) Catholic church B) Branch of Bank of America C) Car dealership D) Community Transformation Grant E) The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
A, B, C
17. The nurse reviews the logic model and formal evaluation plan of a grant proposal on a community rabies program. Which requirements should be included in the plan to support accountability? (Select all that apply.) A) Regular communication about funds that were not used B) Details of program activities C) Report of areas where there is no progress toward program goals D) Proof that the program can be reproduced effectively in other settings E) Explanation of how the program will be funded after grant funding expires
A, B, C
A client arrives on the unit, diagnosed with norovirus infection from eating shellfish. The client has been vomiting repeatedly and is now severely dehydrated. Which interventions are likely to be performed for this client? (Select all that apply.) A) Starting an intravenous line for fluid and electrolyte replacement B) Encouraging the client and the client's family to practice good handwashing C) Immediate disinfecting all potentially contaminated objects and surfaces D) Isolating the client until 12 hours after the client has been symptom free E) Administering a vaccination
A, B, C
An underserved population is a subgroup of the population that has a higher risk of developing health problems due to marginalization in which areas? (Select all that apply.) A) Age B) Gender C) Sociocultural status D) Political affiliation E) Religion
A, B, C
The nurse decides to use the health belief model for a wellness walking program for older adults. The walk is to begin each day at 8 PM. Each day a different participant is to start a chain of phone calls to other participants to remind all to attend. The nurse informs the clients in the clinic that walking will improve their overall health and well-being. Two older adults show up the first night and none the second. Which information should the nurse gather to explain the failure of the program? (Select all that apply.) A) The severity of the physical challenge related to the client population B) What stands in the way of taking action toward the goal of health promotion C) The presence or absence of cues needed for the program to achieve success D) The presence or absence of a strong team leader among the participants E) The need to increase persuasion when implementing the program
A, B, C
On the basis of the eight recommended components of a comprehensive school health program, which should be included in a K-12 health education curriculum? (Select all that apply.) A) Consumer health education B) Environmental health education C) Sexuality education D) Nutrition counseling E) Physical development activities
A, B, C, D
A nurse is caring for an older client who is struggling to manage her type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize which social determinants of this client's health? (Select all that apply.) A) Household income of $23,000 per year B) Reading level of a third grader C) Medication ineffective due to error in prescription D) Originally from Sudan E) No family in the area
A, B, D, E
In infectious disease epidemiology, just the presence of an infectious agent is not sufficient to produce an infectious disease. Which host factors determine whether a person is at risk for an infection or an infectious disease? (Select all that apply.) A) Age B) Sex C) Occupation D) Physical and emotional health E) Immune status
A, B, D, E
Which strategies have been shown successful for preventing adolescent pregnancy? (Select all that apply.) A) Responsible sexual behavior education B) Abstinence education C) Mandated religious education on sex practices D) Contraceptive counseling E) Confidential reproductive services
A, B, D, E
A 19-year-old client is diagnosed as HIV positive. Which behaviors might be indicators of noncompliance with her drug regimen and require further assessment? (Select all that apply.) A) Depression B) Indifference to self-advocacy in sexual relationships C) Goal-oriented attitude toward treatment plan D) Client's expression of concern for the health and well-being of her children E) Client's expression of concern regarding the ability to pay for her medications
A, B, E
Which rationales are appropriate for performing community assessments in the school setting? (Select all that apply.) A) To learn about an outbreak of lice B) To assess effectiveness of children with type I diabetes managing insulin shots at school C) To stage a student's brain tumor D) To assess students for food allergies E) To provide education on preventing the spread of influenza
A, B, E
16. The nurse reviews the job descriptions of the community health workers who work with community health nurses and other members of the program team. These workers are responsible for: (Select all that apply.) A) Serving as a cultural and language bridge to members of target population B) Performing minor surgical procedures C) Providing health education and outreach to community D) Offering assistance in accessing services E) Prescribing commonly used medications
A, C, D
At an international nurses' conference, nurses from all around the world make contact. The various communities represented at this conference most likely: (Select all that apply.) A) Vary significantly in composition B) Have no shared interests and goals related to health and safety C) Are challenged in their attempts to identify its members D) Thought of as members of a global community E) Do not need to assess their communities' needs because they are obvious
A, C, D
Which common problems should a school nurse be prepared to identify in students? (Select all that apply.) A) Vision impairment B) Malignant melanoma C) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) D) Scoliosis E) Need for orthodontia
A, C, D
18. Which best defines program replication? A) Ability to replicate a successful program in the same community a second time B) Ability to reproduce a successful program within a different community C) Ability to replicate a successful program with a new sample aggregate D) Ability to implement a successful program with the same population aggregate
B
15. After successfully implementing and managing a smoking cessation program in an inner-city neighborhood for 5 years, the group expands the efforts to include a nearby rural community. After a challenging first year, the nurse finds that with a few modifications the program is proving successful in the rural setting, as well. Which essential component of program design has been established by success in the rural community? A) Sustainability B) Program replication C) Clinical expertise D) Accountability
B
A woman arrives at the clinic for a routine appointment. She has been HIV positive for 3 years and states she is doing well. She currently is involved in a relationship with a man who is HIV positive. She states that she is not consistent with safe sex practices due to her significant other's preferences and feels uncomfortable asking him to wear a condom. Which is the nurse's best response to promote the client's health? A) "You won't become pregnant as long as you are taking your drug cocktail." B) "You will not be protected against other strains of HIV or sexually transmitted infections (STIs)." C) "You will both be safe because you both already have HIV." D) "Let's have you both tested for STIs."
B
An immigrant from Guatemala, age 47, is admitted to the coronary care unit with congestive heart failure. This is the fourth admission for this client, and the physician believes that the client's inability to adhere to his diet and medication regimen is the reason for his frequent admissions. The physician refers the client to the local community health nurse, on discharge from the hospital. Which would be most appropriate for the nurse to include in this client's plan of care? A) Insisting that the client adhere to his diet B) Developing culturally relevant and gender-sensitive interventions C) Teaching the family to adapt their cultural dietary plans to the client's diagnosis D) Assessing the client's financial needs and obtaining financial assistance as needed
B
Being a school nurse requires which combination of practice type and decision making? A) Collaborative practice and interdependent decision making B) Autonomous practice and independent decision making C) Collaborative practice and dependent decision making D) Autonomous practice and interdependent decision making
B
Community assessment is a critical process for the future because it can: A) Identify the need for a community commission B) Identify a method to improve the health of at-risk clients C) Provide a means of grant funding for clinics D) Provide a client base for at-risk neighborhoods
B
Demographic characteristics indicate that people in developed countries are living longer, healthier lives, yet tremendous health and social disparities exist. Which describes social determinants of health? A) What society does collectively to ensure the conditions exist in which people can be healthy B) Social conditions in which people live and work C) Context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community D) Comprehensive management of health information and its secure exchange between consumers, providers, government and quality entities, and insurers
B
Several levels of public health surveillance are necessary to protect the nation's health. At what level are healthcare providers and health facilities required to report certain infectious diseases? A) Local B) State C) Federal D) International
B
The Children's Defense Fund supports initiatives at the individual, family, community, organizational, and government levels. Encouraging families to spend quality time together by hosting a movie or game night at a local church is an example of a strategy at which level? A) Family B) Community C) Organizational D) Government
B
The committee has established the need for a sick child clinic in an impoverished neighborhood. The demographic data have been collected, and the committee is ready to meet with a group of local businesspeople who are willing to support the project financially. The plan is for the committee and group to combine to facilitate the establishment of the clinic. Using a transtheoretical model, which level of readiness has the committee achieved? A) Contemplation B) Preparation C) Action D) Relapse
B
There are 12 students with confirmed cases of the H1N1 flu in grades 6 to 8 at the local middle school in the community. The community nurse advises the caregivers of the ill children to keep the children home for a minimum of 5 to 7 days. Which should be the nurse's next step? A) Recommend closing the school for 6 weeks B) Implement education in the school setting regarding respiratory and hand hygiene C) Require each child in the school to undergo a physical evaluation by the school nurse D) Initiate a system of discipline in the school setting for improper hand washing
B
The nurse conducts a community assessment. The community is large and the members range from affluent executives to poor migrant workers. To most accurately assess the community, the nurse should: A) Use a questionnaire written on a fifth-grade reading level B) Use multiple methods or perspectives C) Interview a subpopulation of each group represented D) Analyze census data
B
The nurse identifies the specific indicators and focal areas needed to establish immunization and well-child clinics in a low-income neighborhood. What actions are needed to meet the health outcomes of the project? A) Identify the need in the community for the clinic on the basis of subjective data. B) Develop a plan to meet the costs and promote the benefits of the project. C) Consider the identified neighborhood's need for healthcare compared with that of other low-income neighborhoods by interviewing the members of the neighborhood. D) Assume that the neighborhood will welcome the institution of a well-child and immunization clinic.
B
The nurse is approached by the health department to investigate and assess the rise in developmental disabilities in an isolated section in the community. To begin the assessment, the nurse should gather objective data from which source? A) Client interview aggregate data B) Internet aggregate data C) Internet Wikipedia D) Direct observation of the area
B
The nurse is locating populations in her region who are exposed to lead-based paint and providing them with information regarding the dangers of lead poisoning. This is an example of which public health intervention? A) Surveillance B) Outreach C) Screening D) Case management
B
The nurse works at community clinic that provides various types of health screenings for members of the community. One day, the nurse provides tuberculin tests for a group of new hospital employees. Which type of screening procedure is this? A) Mass screening B) Selective screening C) Multiphasic screening D) Case finding
B
The school nurse notifies the community nurse that there have been five confirmed cases of pertussis in the sixth-grade classes. In addition to responding to the cluster of cases, the community nurse should immediately: A) Recommend that the school be closed B) Research the vaccine compliance in the school C) Recommend that notes be sent home to the parents regarding a pertussis epidemic D) Consult with the infection control physician at the local hospital
B
The school nurse works with a 12-year-old girl who is obese and has type 2 diabetes. As client advocate, which would be most appropriate nursing action? A) Scold the client when she buys a soda from a vending machine at school. B) Schedule a conference with the client's parents to discuss how to collaboratively manage her blood glucose level and encourage her to select appropriate foods in the cafeteria for lunch. C) Perform a finger stick and check the client's blood glucose level when she reports feeling weak and dizzy one day. D) Weigh the client each week in the office to help track her weight and hold her accountable to her weight loss goals.
B
Using the tenets of secondary prevention, the committee seeks to establish an HIV/AIDS clinic. The nurse states that it is important for the location of the clinic to be associated with the local hospital. The committee states that the cost of the clinic associated with the hospital is higher than one that is free standing. Which presents the best rationale for the nurse's suggestion? A) Third-party insurance will reimburse the clinic visits only if the clinic is attached to the hospital. B) The hospital can more easily implement programs of care for the clients. C) The hospital will cover the clients only if the clinic is approved by the hospital governance board. D) The hospital will have a vested interest in the success of the clinic.
B
What percentage of rural children live in poverty? A) 14% B) 24% C) 34% D) 44%
B
Which best illustrates systems theory? A) School systems in two different counties each setting up their own independent afterschool exercise programs B) Father being challenged to stop smoking because his daughter learned of the hazards of smoking from a smoke cessation program at her middle school C) Hospital requiring all of its nurses to wear an identification badge while on duty D) Physician in one state deciding to stop accepting Medicaid clients, while another physician in another state begins accepting Medicaid clients
B
Which individual health assessment would a school nurse most likely perform? A) Immunization check B) Assessment of a playground injury C) Vision screening D) Height and weight measurements
B
Which is an accurate health factor or effect of living in rural geopolitical areas? A) Only about 5% of physicians practice in rural America despite that nearly one fourth of the population lives in these areas. B) Although only one third of all motor vehicle accidents occur in rural areas, two thirds of the deaths attributed to these accidents occur on rural roads. C) Rural residents are nearly three times as likely to die from unintentional injuries other than motor vehicle accidents than are urban residents. D) Abuse of alcohol and use of smokeless tobacco is a significant problem among rural older adults.
B
Which is one of the most important strategies recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for reducing the spread of HIV? A) Excluding students from school who have symptoms of sexually transmitted infections B) Routinely screening all adolescents and adults aged 13 to 64 C) Requiring parents to take their adolescent children who have sexually transmitted infections for treatment D) Keeping detailed records of all new cases of sexually transmitted infections in people aged 15 to 24 years
B
Which most accurately defines a medically underserved area? A) A geographic area, population group, or medical facility with shortages of healthcare professionals to the degree that a full complement of healthcare services is not possible B) An area with a lack of medical care services as determined by the number of primary medical care physicians per 1,000 population, infant mortality rate, percentage of the population with incomes below the poverty level, and percentage of the population 65 years or older C) A U.S. federal designation for those populations that face economic, cultural, or linguistic barriers to accessing primary medical care services D) A subgroup of the population that has a higher risk of developing health problems because of marginalization
B
Which of the eight recommended components of a comprehensive school health program should include the physical, emotional, and social conditions that affect the well-being of students and staff? A) Family/community involvement B) Healthy and safe school environment C) Counseling and psychology services D) Health promotion for staff
B
Which organization publishes and articulates the essentials of public health nursing, including the activities and accountabilities that are characteristics of practice at all levels and settings? A) Association of Community Health Nurse Educators (ACHNE) B) American Nurses Association (ANA) C) American Public Health Association (APHA) D) Association of State and Territorial Directors of Nursing (ASTDN)
B
While visiting the home of an 89-year-old woman out in the country, the nurse learns that her primary care provider's office is one hour's drive away. The client states, ìI've just stopped going in for appointments in the past few years. It's just too far for me to drive by myself. This situation exemplifies which of the seven A's of challenges to elders in rural areas? A) Availability B) Accessibility C) Affordability D) Awareness
B
Why has there been an increase in the number of acute and chronically ill people residing in the community who need professional nursing care? A) Shorter length of stay in long-term care facilities B) Increase in ambulatory surgery C) Decrease in the use of outpatient clinics D) Increase in length of stay in emergency departments
B
Which criteria must be met to define a water-associated disease outbreak? A) Two or more people with laboratory-confirmed primary amebic meningoencephalitis B) Two or more cases of chemical poisoning if water quality data indicate contamination by the chemical C) Two or more people having experienced a similar illness after exposure to water D) Epidemiologic evidence implicating drinking water as the probable source of the illness
C
Which actions exemplify the school nurse's role as a child advocate? (Select all that apply.) A) Injecting a child with her EpiPen during an anaphylactic reaction to peanuts B) Convincing the cafeteria manager to include low-sugar options in the lunch menu for students with diabetes C) Taking the temperature of a child who is exhibiting signs of an upper respiratory infection D) Teaching a child who has recently been diagnosed with asthma how to use an inhaler E) Instructing a group of faculty members on the proper way to respond to a child having an epileptic seizure in class
B, D, E
6. The nurse prepares community program objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound (SMART) to help in planning interventions and establishing measurement systems to evaluate programs and outcomes. Which is a measurable objective? A) Program will reduce teenage obesity. B) Fewer teens will start smoking. C) Blood pressure for children aged 12 to 18 years in Marks School will be reduced by 5% after petting the dog for 1 day in March 2019. D) Number of older minority residents in Legacy Independent facility receiving a flu shot will triple.
C
8. Which most accurately describes the purpose of force field analysis? A) Unfreezing the status quo B) Changing or moving to a new state C) Identifying the forces driving the change and those resisting it D) Refreezing to sustain the change or changes made
C
A 32-year-old African-American client is diagnosed with HIV. She is at her 6-month appointment following diagnosis and treatment. The client states that she has not revealed her diagnosis to her boyfriend because she is afraid that he will leave. She expresses feelings of anger because she must put her feelings and illness aside or be abandoned. The client's behaviors reflect: A) Denial of her disease process B) Noncompliance with her drug regimen C) Inability to advocate for herself D) Fear of financial insolvency
C
A 43-year-old African-American client is HIV positive. She has a personal history of abuse, which ended when her husband died 2 years ago. When counseling the client about adherence to her treatment plan, the nurse finds her intelligent and goal oriented. In addition to her need for education and follow-up regarding her HIV diagnosis and treatment, which associated condition should the nurse most consider when caring for this client? A) Cardiac tamponade B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease C) Posttraumatic stress disorder D) Cirrhosis of the liver
C
A client presents with several ulcerative sores on his penis that are firm, round, and painless. He also has rough, reddish brown spots on his palms and the bottoms of his feet. He acknowledges that he is sexually active with multiple partners and is inconsistent in his use of a condom. Which sexually transmitted infection should the nurse most suspect in this client? A) Gonorrhea B) Chlamydia C) Syphilis D) Human papillomavirus
C
A client reports symptoms of severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea, and vomiting after eating commercially packaged salad. The nurse suspects Escherichia coli O157:H7. The client asks about the average time of resolution of these symptoms. What time frame should the nurse provide? A) 3 to 5 days B) 5 to 7 days C) 7 to 10 days D) 12 to 14 days
C
A nurse successfully persuades an obese client to perform a weekly weigh-in at home using a digital scale and record the weight in a log. This strategy is an example of: A) Telehealth B) Health information technology C) Personal responsibility for health D) Evidence-based nursing
C
An older woman in a rural health clinic tells the nurse that this is the first time she's been in a medical facility for more than 10 years. She shows signs of advanced diabetes, including significant necrosis in her feet. When asked why she didn't come in sooner, she says, "I don't drive, myself, and I hate asking my son to bring me. I feel like such a burden." This situation exemplifies which of the seven A's of challenges to elders in rural areas? A) Awareness B) Adequacy C) Acceptability D) Assessment
C
In which phase of a school-based substance abuse program is information most likely to have meaning and applicability to students? A) Inoculation B) Primary C) Early relevance D) Tertiary
C
Many in the community have developed cancer. The EPA has discovered a leak of biohazardous waste from a local factory that has leached into the water table. The area is decontaminated and cleaned. The community identifies the need for a local hospice for those with cancer who are dying. Area communities participate in the fund drive. This type of community effort may best be described as: A) Geopolitical community B) Epidemiologic model C) Community of solution D) Developmental model
C
Multiple family units in an underserved neighborhood have children who have not been vaccinated per health guidelines. The nurse researches the problem and establishes a well-child clinic within walking distance to the neighborhood. The clinic is poorly attended. Which would be the nurse's best action to revise the program and improve attendance to the clinic? A) Determine whether the location of the clinic is not conducive to attendance. B) Discuss the problem of attendance at the next community council meeting. C) Interview members of the neighborhood to determine why they do not use the clinic. D) Discuss the problem with the local minister and request him to discuss the clinic at the next prayer service.
C
Person, place, and time characterize the description of an epidemiologic problem. Using knowledge of outbreak investigations, which occurs with propagated outbreaks? A) Same person or vehicle as the reservoir or means of transmission B) Infection transmitted from person to person over a short period of time C) Generating secondary infections with intervals between peaks that approximate the usual incubation period for the infection D) Generating tertiary infections following exposure to a primary case
C
Public health nursing is distinguished from other specialties by adherence to eight principles. Which is one of the eight domains of public health nursing practice? A) Policy development and individual planning skills B) Individual dimensions of practice skills C) Financial planning and management skills D) Leadership and individual critical thinking skills
C
The Children's Defense Fund supports initiatives at the individual, family, community, organizational, and government levels. Which exemplifies a strategy at the family level? A) Mentor a child in a READ program. B) Volunteer with children who are homeless or in foster care. C) Create daily homework routines and limit television viewing. D) Vote in every election and advocate for children.
C
The Children's Defense Fund supports initiatives at the individual, family, community, organizational, and government levels. Which level is represented by hosting a health fair to ensure all children who are eligible for Medicaid or state children's health insurance program are enrolled? A) Family B) Community C) Organization D) Government
C
The community health nurse is responsible for the general health of the community on multiple levels. The nurse discovers an increase in the number of sick days used by children aged 7 to 11 years at the local elementary school in recent weeks. Research indicates that the families of asthmatic children tend to be less educated and less likely to comply with current treatment plans. Using the epidemiologic approach, the next step in the care plan should be to: A) Conduct a broad-based survey of all families with asthmatic children within several communities B) Determine trends that interfere with family problem-solving techniques C) Develop school-based education programs for both the children and their caregivers D) Submit a proposal to the town for neighborhood asthma clinics
C
The community health nurse learns that there are statistically high levels of obesity and elevated cholesterol in the community. In addition, the community has a disproportionately high number of fast food restaurants, compared with surrounding communities. Which would be the most appropriate next step, based on these data? A) Gather support in the community to ban fast foods B) Gather further information regarding trans fats C) Target education and support programs D) Create local exercise programs
C
The history of school nursing can be traced back to 1902, when Lillian Wald was working in a New York City public school. She viewed school nursing services as a way to decrease which problem? A) Nutrition deficiencies B) Dental cavities C) Excessive absenteeism D) Seasonal allergies
C
The new community health nurse introduces herself to the local minister and attends various neighborhood meetings. The nurse learns about the ethics, values, and culture of the neighborhood. The community is vocal about the need for public safety and the care of the homeless, especially in the winter. Which is the best rationale for considering all of the influences in the neighborhood affecting their health and well-being? A) The information can be used to obtain funds to create shelters for the homeless B) A neighborhood watch may be created with police support C) The information will help to effectively assess the community D) It will help the nurse create a controlled clinical environment
C
The nurse conducts a class on the basics of nutrition to a group of obese adults. The nurse counsels the audience, telling them that they need to change their behaviors. By the end of the class, the nurse has lost the audience. To enhance audience participation and learning in the next class, the nurse should: A) Use consistent methods of persuasion B) Offer advice while the participants are passive C) Encourage the group to participate in the decision making D) Encourage the group to continue ambivalent behaviors
C
The nurse works at a clinic in Arizona that provides bilingual (English and Spanish) care to low-income immigrant workers from Mexico. Which designation most accurately describes the area or the population this nurse serves? A) Health professional shortage area B) Medically underserved area C) Medically underserved population D) Inmates
C
The nurse works with a female client who recently developed an infection of Staphylococcus aureus while in the hospital. In this case, S. aureus is which component in the chain of infection? A) Host B) Environmental reservoir C) Agent D) Portal
C
While completing a community assessment, the nurse notes that the computer companies in the community hire a disproportionate number of their employees from local suburban communities rather than the community in which the company is housed. To create an accurate assessment, the nurse should collect data on: A) All of the company's employees but count those living outside the community separately, as outliers B) Only the employees that live in the community, disregarding the others as statistically irrelevant C) All of the company's employees and include those living outside the community as part of the aggregate D) Only the employees that live in the community in your initial assessment; then collect data on the others as part of a separate assessment for the community in which they live.
C
Who prepared a report for the Massachusetts Sanitary Commission that pointed out that much of the ill health and disability in American cities in 1850 could be traced to unsanitary conditions? A) Clara Barton B) Dorothea Dix C) Lemuel Shattuck D) Lillian Wald
C
A nurse is assessing a client who was recently released from prison. Based on knowledge of the incidence rates of various types of crimes that lead to incarceration, the nurse suspects that the client may have committed which crime? A) Murder B) Rape C) Assault D) Drug possession and trafficking
D
Public health nursing is distinguished from other specialties by adherence to eight principles. Which are domains of public health nursing practice? (Select all that apply.) A) Intuitive assessment skills B) Community organization skills C) Communication skills D) Cultural competency skills E) Product marketing skills
C, D
The Children's Defense Fund supports initiatives at the individual, family, community, organizational, and government levels. Which strategies are at the government level? (Select all that apply.) A) Provide free tax filing assistance to low-income working families. B) Educate families about how they can apply for food stamps, Head Start, federal nutrition programs, and other similar benefits. C) Ensure children in foster care and detention receive quality treatment to address their mental, behavioral, and emotional needs. D) Promote high-quality children's television programming and access to other quality electronic media. E) Start a halfway house and counseling program for youth who have run away.
C, D
19. The nurse is in the process of forming a coalition to support a community flu shot program. Which step should the nurse take as part of this process? (Select all that apply.) A) Assign members of the coalition to tasks in a random manner. B) Seek out people with similar opinions and roles in the community. C) Consider how each member of the coalition and the organization or group represented will benefit from the work of the coalition. D) Understand group dynamics and members' motives for serving. E) Form a group that is heterogeneous but able to show mutual respect.
C, D, E
A 16-year-old client visits the community health clinic with concerns that she may have a sexually transmitted infection (STI). She asks whether STIs are treatable. STIs that are easily treated and curable include: (Select all that apply.) A) Human papillomavirus B) Herpes simplex C) Chlamydia D) Gonorrhea E) Syphilis
C, D, E
Which qualifies as an urbanized area according to the U.S. Census Bureau? (Select all that apply.) A) A central city with population of 30,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 25,000 with a combined population density of 500 people per square mile B) A central city with population of 50,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 10,000 with a combined population density of 750 people per square mile C) A central city with population of 25,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 25,000 with a combined population density of 1,100 people per square mile D) A central city with population of 20,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 30,000 with a combined population density of 1,250 people per square mile E) A central city with population of 100,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 50,000 with a combined population density of 1,500 people per square mile
C, D, E
9. The nurse researches whether the community would benefit from monthly blood pressure clinics. Which system level would such an intervention address? A) Upstream B) Mainstream C) Sidestream D) Downstream
D
A 47-year-old client and three members of his neighborhood have had their homes robbed and belongings scattered. The client contacts the police and, with their assistance, develops a neighborhood watch. The watch is organized and 24 families have been recruited to participate. The watch will be active throughout vacation months and as needed. This organization is representative of: A) Transtheoretical model B) Theory of reasoned action C) Social learning D) Relapse prevention model
D
In the Healthy People 2020 federal initiatives in the United States, which group is identified as needing special attention and creative solutions to live a healthy life in the face of sobering health disparities and social injustices? A) Older adults B) People with acute infectious diseases C) People recovering from traumatic accidents D) Mentally ill people
D
The community health nurse works in a community recently devastated by a tornado. Many of the survivors are cared for in their homes. Care is needed for those who are ill, recovering, or in hospice. To provide the most holistic and effective care to the community, the nurse should: A) Refer the clients to an outreach center B) Consult with the hospice nurse and the social worker C) Provide care according to the physician's orders D) Collaborate with other health care workers and the clients
D
The school nurse is concerned about the lack of nutritional choices available in the food vending machines at the school. Which is the best tool to address this situation? A) Food-Safe Schools Action Guide B) Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool C) Improving the Health of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Guide for States and Communities D) Making It Happen!
D
The student-nurse discusses transmission that involves contact of a susceptible host with a vehicle. Based on the chain of infection links, which exemplifies a vehicle? A) Animals B) Insects C) Reptiles D) Water
D
When speaking with an older man in a rural community about his lifelong smoking habit, the nurse is alarmed to learn that he has never heard that cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. This situation exemplifies which of the seven A's of challenges to elders in rural areas? A) Availability B) Accessibility C) Affordability D) Awareness
D
