POS1041- cumulative quizzes

The Framers of the Constitution carved out a major role for the President in domestic legislation in part by enabling the executive to check congressional action through which of the following? the privileges and immunities clause the right of the President to introduce legislation into the House and have it automatically advance to the front of the agenda the right of the President to end a Senate filibuster by declaration the presidential veto

the presidential veto

The Constitution gives presidents a modest role in the legislative arena including which of the following? the veto and the ability to call Congress into special session signing statements sending the Vice President to preside over the House of Representatives the right to dissolve Congress and schedule new elections

the veto and the ability to call Congress into special session

Which amendment provides the most explicit endorsement of federalism found in the Constitution? 1st 4th. 5th. 10th

10th

Which amendment provided that the right to vote should not be denied on account of race? 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th

15th

The first American Constitution created a confederation, which can best be described as which of the following? A highly centralized governmental system in which the national government derives broad authority directly from the citizens rather than from the states A highly decentralized governmental system in which the national government derives limited authority from the states rather than directly from the citizens. A parliamentary system heavily reliant on party discipline. A presidential system featuring a very strong executive with broad police powers.

A highly decentralized governmental system in which the national government derives limited authority from the states rather than directly from the citizens.

Which of the following statements about the partisanship of African Americans in the pre-World War I period is most accurate? African Americans remained loyal to the Democratic Party even though the party was not committed to civil rights. African Americans were equally divided between the parties depending on their income and where they lived. African Americans were loyal to the Republican Party because of Emancipation and Reconstruction. The inability of African Americans to vote meant that they had no existing partisan attachments.

African Americans were loyal to the Republican Party because of Emancipation and Reconstruction.

Although the two concepts are often used interchangeably, the difference between civil liberties and civil rights is which of the following? Civil liberties are the rights afforded all Americans civil rights are those special rights given to minorities. Civil liberties are the Constitution's protections "from" government power civil rights are the Constitution's protections provided "by" government power Civil liberties are those rights protected by the Constitution civil rights are those rights only protected by state constitutions. Civil liberties are those rights protected by state constitutions civil rights are those rights only protected by the U.S. Constitution.

Civil liberties are the Constitution's protections "from" government power civil rights are the Constitution's protections provided "by" government power

From the time of Franklin Roosevelt onward, generally speaking, which of the following is true about presidential travel? Each president has spent more days on foreign political travel and fewer days on domestic political travel. Each president has spent more days on both foreign and domestic political travels. Each president has spent more days on domestic political travel and fewer days on foreign political travel. Each president has spent fewer days on both foreign and domestic political travels.

Each president has spent more days on both foreign and domestic political travels.

Which of the following statements about executive orders is accurate? Executive orders are permanent and nearly impossible to change. Executive orders are not laws because they are confined by the scope of discretion delegated to the President. There are few disagreements on whether executive orders fall on the right side or wrong side of the Constitution's limitations. Modern presidents generally do not issue many executive orders because they prefer that Congress pass laws so any decisions are permanent.

Executive orders are not laws because they are confined by the scope of discretion delegated to the President.

Article I of the Constitution contains the Bill of Rights. True/False

False

The State of the Union address has been diminished in importance so presidents simply send a written message to Congress instead of making a prime-time address. True/False

False

Which committees are responsible for making decisions about exercising Congress's power of the purse? House and Senate Appropriations Committees House Ways and Means Committee and Senate Finance Committee House and Senate Budget Committees Senate Ways and Means Committee and House Budget Committee

House and Senate Appropriations Committees

Under the Constitution, which of the following is true about the responsibility for common defense and security? It is a shared responsibility between the states and the federal government. It is solely the responsibility of the national government. The federal government sets general policies, but a supermajority of states can disapprove of any policies. The states would continue to handle these policies because the national government would take responsibility for regulating commerce.

It is solely the responsibility of the national government.

Which of the following is true about the religious freedom provision of the First Amendment? It established official churches in the early colonies. It has been limited by the Fourteenth Amendment. It applied restrictions on the states and the national government as soon as it was ratified. It prohibits Congress from passing any legislation "respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof."

It prohibits Congress from passing any legislation "respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof."

The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka is most notable for which of the following reasons? It reinforced the segregation of public facilities across the South. It was completely ignored by the executive and legislative branches. It struck down the separate but equal doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson. It marked the Supreme Court's first acceptance of the Tenth Amendment.

It struck down the separate but equal doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson.

"Jim Crow laws" were which of the following? Laws adopted throughout the South to disfranchise Black citizens and to institutionalize segregation. Laws adopted to end the segregation that was instituted during Reconstruction. Laws that integrated public accommodations like water fountains and schools. Laws that created separate but clearly equal facilities for different races.

Laws adopted throughout the South to disfranchise Black citizens and to institutionalize segregation.

The two critical elements of the Executive Office of the President are the: National Security Council and the Bureau of the Budget. Congressional Budget Office and the Administrative Office of U.S. Courts. Office of Management and Budget and the White House Office. White House Travel Office and the Office of Personnel Management.

Office of Management and Budget and the White House Office.

One aspect of the Senate designed to insulate it from transient shifts in public mood is which of the following? One third of the Senate's membership stand for reelection every 2 years. Senators cannot simultaneously run for other offices. The President can veto business on the Senate agenda. The Senate elects its own president.

One third of the Senate's membership stand for reelection every 2 years.

Which of the following was the primary point of Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense? The colonies should maintain loyalty to the British Crown Only in the creation of an independent republic would the people find contentment. The leading thinkers of Europe were now advocating democracy Only the aristocracy should be concerned with the running of government, as the commoners did not have enough sense to be trusted.

Only in the creation of an independent republic would the people find contentment.

Which of the following statements about parties in Congress is accurate? Strong political parties exist in the House, but party is weak in the Senate because there are few members. Article I of the Constitution dictates the establishment of political parties to make it easier to resolve differences between the chambers. Party leaders assemble and maintain party coalitions, but they need tools to encourage cooperation, and members have to sacrifice some independence. Organizational reforms have reduced the pressures on Congress so the parties do not play a very important role any more.

Party leaders assemble and maintain party coalitions, but they need tools to encourage cooperation, and members have to sacrifice some independence

Which Supreme Court decision established the doctrine of "separate but equal?" Brown v. Board of Education Plessy v. Ferguson Shelley v. Kraemer Dred Scott v. Sandford

Plessy v. Ferguson

Which of the following statements about congressional districts in the House of Representatives is accurate? The size of the House continues to increase every 10 years since the Constitution requires 1 representative for every 33,000 residents. States have only gained seats following the decennial census and never lost them. Population movements have meant that states in the south and the west have gained seats at the expense of industrial states in the northeast and Midwest. The Constitution requires that the geographic size of each congressional district needs to be substantially similar.

Population movements have meant that states in the south and the west have gained seats at the expense of industrial states in the northeast and Midwest.

Which of the following is true about the lawmaking powers that Congress shares with the President? Power is shared through a special law that allows the President to vote in the Senate. Power is shared by delegating to the executive branch the discretion to implement policy. Power is shared through the line item veto. Power is shared by submitting proposed laws to the secretaries of legislation for each state before holding a final vote.

Power is shared by delegating to the executive branch the discretion to implement policy.

The supremacy clause contained in Article IV of the Constitution declares which of the following? That the U.S. forbids foreign colonization in the western hemisphere. That the Supreme Court is the final and supreme arbiter of the meaning of the Constitution. That national laws take precedence over state laws when both properly discharge their government's respective responsibilities. That the President is the supreme commander of the military and cannot be overruled by Congress or the courts.

That national laws take precedence over state laws when both properly discharge their government's respective responsibilities.

Which of the following is one of the general conditions of a federal system?The national government is supreme in matters of importance. Everyone gets a vote at both levels of government. Each level of government must have identical powers to foster the greatest possible competition. The Constitution protects units at each level of government from encroachment by the other units.

The Constitution protects units at each level of government from encroachment by the other units.

One major difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate is which of the following? The House meets for a longer term each year. The members of the House of Representatives were originally chosen by the state legislatures; senators were elected. The House allocates seats by population; the Senate is composed of two members from each state. Senate members are confirmed by the Supreme Court

The House allocates seats by population; the Senate is composed of two members from each state.

Which of the following statements about Supreme Court rulings on freedom of speech is most accurate? The Supreme Court provides equal protection for all kinds of speech. The Supreme Court has narrowly interpreted the First Amendment so few kinds of speech are protected. The Supreme Court has imposed strict limits on political speech to promote greater civility in politics. The Supreme Court has provided a high level of protection to speech that is expressly political, but there are limits to even this kind of speech

The Supreme Court has provided a high level of protection to speech that is expressly political, but there are limits to even this kind of speech

Who is the ultimate arbiter of controversies involving American federalism?The President of the United States The U.S. Congress The U.S. Supreme Court The U.S. Department of State

The U.S. Supreme Court

Modern presidents have asserted that the "take care clause" of Article II allows them to take whatever action the nation's well-being requires provided that which of the following is true? The action is expressly provided for in other areas of the Constitution. The action is mandated by some specified duty determined by Congress. The action is not expressly forbidden by the Constitution or public law. The action is also ratified by the Senate.

The action is not expressly forbidden by the Constitution or public law.

The experience surrounding the creation and adoption of Common Core standards illustrates which of the following? The national government has the ability to implement a single set of educational standards in order to provide benefits for the country. The federal government can offer grant money to the states if they adopt common learning goals. Policies change, and the standards outlined in Common Core have been replaced by those contained in the No Child Left Behind program. The federal government has few incentives to encourage the states to adopt the new standards.

The federal government can offer grant money to the states if they adopt common learning goals.

In unitary systems, which of the following is true? All governmental authority always rests with one person such as an emperor. Local governments dictate policy to the national government. Various ethnic groups are proportionally represented in a "united" parliament. The national government monopolizes constitutional authority.

The national government monopolizes constitutional authority.

Although state officials may frequently complain about the policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, which of the following is true? Governors, in fact, can override any action by the Environmental Protection Agency with which they disagree. These policies are little more than suggestions for voluntary constraints on pollution. The employees of the Environmental Protection Agency actually work for the states. The presence of national standards insulates environmental protection from cutthroat competition among the states.

The presence of national standards insulates environmental protection from cutthroat competition among the states.

Which of the following statements about standing committees is not true? They have fixed jurisdictions and stable memberships that facilitate specialization. The seats on each of the standing committees is equally divided between the parties to foster a more cooperative legislative process. Committee membership is generally stable, but changes occur when legislators seize opportunities to move up to committees they deem more important and desirable. Members pursue committee assignments that allow them to serve special constituent interests as well as their own power and policy goals.

The seats on each of the standing committees is equally divided between the parties to foster a more cooperative legislative process.

Who was the first president to take an expansive view of presidential powers under the "take care" clause? Franklin Delano Roosevelt Richard Nixon Theodore Roosevelt Barack Obama

Theodore Roosevelt

What is the fundamental dilemma that all U.S. presidents face? Congress never appropriates enough money for all of the programs presidents want to establish. There is never enough time to engage in real governing because of the demands of campaigns. They have too little authority to satisfy the expectations for their performance. Public opinion is too temperamental to count on as a source of political support.

They have too little authority to satisfy the expectations for their performance.

Congress is not perfectly representative of the American people in terms of demographics. True/False

True

The Supreme Court has begun to take a more circumspect view of federal authority and tried to preserve some semblance of state independence. True False

True

Which of the following is true about the states and amending the Constitution? The states are never involved with amending the federal Constitution. The states may amend the federal Constitution without consultation or communication with Congress. Two thirds of states may call a constitutional convention. The states may amend the federal Constitution subject to presidential veto.

Two-thirds of states may call a constitutional convention.

A central feature of the Great Compromise was which of the following? a bicameral legislature with the upper chamber representation equal for all states and the lower chamber representation based on population a bicameral legislature with the upper chamber representation selected by the national executive and the lower chamber representation based on population a bicameral legislature with the upper chamber representation equal for all states and the lower chamber representation selected by the national executive a unified legislature with two classes of representatives, some elected from at-large districts and some elected from single-member districts

a bicameral legislature with the upper chamber representation equal for all states and the lower chamber representation based on population

The Senate's power to confirm appointments and to ratify treaties are examples of which of the following? a legislative check on presidential duties key features of a parliamentary system the vague powers conveyed by the Constitution unitary government

a legislative check on presidential duties

A "logroll" refers to which of the following? a congressional override of a presidential veto a standard bargaining strategy in which two sides swap support for dissimilar policies members of the majority party in the House voting against the wishes of the congressional leadership the overturn of federal law by a state supreme court

a standard bargaining strategy in which two sides swap support for dissimilar policies

The second sentence of the Fourteenth Amendment, which includes both the "equal protection clause" and the "due process clause," means in part that states are equally protected from the federal government dictating the process through which taxes are paid when due. all persons enjoy the same civil liberties and rights, which the states cannot deny without following reasonable, legally established procedures applied equally to everyone. those who want to challenge something under the U.S. Constitution can do so by filing a case in the nearest U.S. Court of Appeals. all persons enjoy the same civil liberties and rights that the federal government cannot deny without following reasonable procedures established by the states and applied as each state sees fit to all citizens.

all persons enjoy the same civil liberties and rights, which the states cannot deny without following reasonable, legally established procedures applied equally to everyone.

The 1957 Civil Rights Act provided clear protections for the African Americans' rights throughout the country. was filibustered in the Senate as southern senators realized that this was their last chance to maintain segregation. was overturned by the Supreme Court in Sweatt v. Painter as an unconstitutional extension of federal power. allowed African Americans to sue their states in federal court if they were denied the vote.

allowed African Americans to sue their states in federal court if they were denied the vote.

Most executive orders arise from the authority and responsibilities explicitly delegated to the President by law. are quickly overturned by congressional action. fail to cite the authority that allows the President to take action. are ceremonial statements without need for implementation

arise from the authority and responsibilities explicitly delegated to the President by law.

The 1964 Civil Rights Act established the Department of Justice and authorized it to investigate civil rights violation across the country. authorized the federal government to intervene in southern states where African Americans were denied the right to vote. authorized the federal government to end segregation in public education and public accommodations. was another symbolic piece of legislation that provided few real gains for African Americans while giving the appearance of government action.

authorized the federal government to end segregation in public education and public accommodations.

Today, appearing on prime time television is the most dramatic way of going public so almost every week modern presidents appear in prime time to push their policies. although the public is more responsive to radio addresses than television appearances. but presidents rely on it sparingly so they won't lose the public's attention. so presidents frequently try to appear on late night television shows.

but presidents rely on it sparingly so they won't lose the public's attention.

Supporters of states' rights argue that decentralization of authority leads to greater government innovation and policies that better suit the preferences of the residents of each state. greater centralization is essential because it is hard to govern a nation like the United States, and problems often extend across state borders. the federal government should have the ability to veto policies that have negative effects on neighboring states. the only solution for fixing the problems in the United States is returning to a confederation.

decentralization of authority leads to greater government innovation and policies that better suit the preferences of the residents of each state.

From 1965 to 2015 the percentage of households that watch the State of the Union address has done which of the following? decreased from about 55% to roughly 30% remained roughly the same increased from about 35% to more than 55% increased from about 20% to more than 75%

decreased from about 55% to roughly 30%

The term civil rights refers only to the struggle of African Americans and their struggle to achieve freedom. was defined in Article VI of the Constitution and commits the federal government to avoiding discrimination describes the protections of individuals against arbitrary and abusive government action. reminds us that once rights are established for one group, they apply to everyone.

describes the protections of individuals against arbitrary and abusive government action.

The effect of the Supreme Court's decision in Gideon v. Wainwright has been to prevent those accused of a crime from being forced to give a confession. ensure that defendants in criminal cases have the right to counsel. limit the admission of evidence at trial that was illegally collected. prevent the use of the death penalty in cases where it would constitute cruel and unusual punishment.

ensure that defendants in criminal cases have the right to counsel.

Since the 1964 Supreme Court case Wesberry v. Sanders, congressional districts must have which of the following? symmetric shapes proportional representation of minorities equal populations no built-in incumency advantage

equal populations

The Dred Scott decision freed thousands of slaves. required the northern states to follow the Fugitive Slave Law. imposed abolition on the southern states. forbid the federal government from regulating slavery in the territories.

forbid the federal government from regulating slavery in the territories.

The reality that successful demonstrations require many people to expose themselves to dangers and other sanctions raised the possibility of what collective action problem? free riding tragedy of the commons agency loss prisoner's dilemma

free riding

The commerce clause of the Constitution provided for a national tariff on the sale of any goods. prohibited Congress from interfering in interstate commerce. gave the President sole authority to draft commercial tax legislation. gave Congress the authority to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states.

gave Congress the authority to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states.

Affirmative action refers to a policy that does which of the following? hires members of a majority group without regard to their skills gives special consideration to minorities in their selection for employment and education promotes minorities in areas of previous discrimination without the use of quotas relies exclusively on racial and ethnic quotas to accomplish its goals

gives special consideration to minorities in their selection for employment and education

What is the name of the strategy presidents use to promote their policies by engaging in intensive public relations to induce cooperation from other elected officeholders? veto bargaining plebiscitary politics going public home style

going public

The initial period of presidential goodwill is marked by high levels of national support and presidents increasingly speak to bipartisan audiences. has gotten shorter because of partisan polarization as opponents quickly swing to disapproval so presidents often speak to audiences of like-minded partisans. has gotten longer because political polarization has decreased, and there is a greater interest in resolving political gridlock. has never really existed in the United States because presidential elections are partisan affairs so his opponents are not interested in cooperation.

has gotten shorter because of partisan polarization as opponents quickly swing to disapproval so presidents often speak to audiences of like-minded partisans.

Political parties in Congress have grown less unified over time, and there is less agreement on major votes and the ideological gap between the parties has shrunk. have grown more unified with higher levels of support on party unity votes as well as becoming more polarized along ideological lines. have witnessed the Democratic Party become more unified and more ideologically homoegeneous while Republicans remain fractured into competing coalitions. have gotten much stronger in the House of Representatives while growing weaker and less ideologically polarized in the Senate.

have grown more unified with higher levels of support on party unity votes as well as becoming more polarized along ideological lines.

Debates over federalism were fully resolved by the Civil War that established the supremacy of the national government over the states. were fully resolved in the U.S. Constitution with the broad grant of powers to the national government. have not been fully resolved as debates over the Affordable Care Act, the legalization of marijuana, and recognition of same-sex marriages demonstrate. have not been fully resolved because the states are increasingly unwilling to follow guidelines issued by the federal government.

have not been fully resolved as debates over the Affordable Care Act, the legalization of marijuana, and recognition of same-sex marriages demonstrate.

The seniority rule routinely allocates first choice in committee assignments to majority party members who have served the longest time in Congress. have served the longest time in government, regardless of the branch. are from the oldest states. are the most senior in age.

have served the longest time in Congress.

What was the name of the practice where Britain ceded control to the colonists to manage their own domestic affairs including taxation? home rule parliamentary system command authority republicanism

home rule

Despite the Fifth Amendment's ban on self-incrimination, a witness can be compelled to testify against himself under which of the following circumstances? if accused of treason when there is a clear and present danger to the public if the defendant refused to testify if granted immunity from prosecution when prosecuted by the federal government for a state crime

if granted immunity from prosecution

The Speaker of the House is largely a ceremonial position. has the ability to exercise command authority through powers specified in Article II of the Constitution in order to reduce transaction costs. is the seniormost member of the chamber and is primarily responsible for presiding over floor debates. is elected by majority vote and serves as the majority party's leader and agent with the power to appoint committees, make rules, and manage the legislative process.

is elected by majority vote and serves as the majority party's leader and agent with the power to appoint committees, make rules, and manage the legislative process.

The White House Office is responsible for managing most aspects of executive branch agencies. is larger and more complex because of the expanded responsibilities of presidents and the centralization of tasks that used to be performed in agencies and departments. has a budget that is controlled by the President with little congressional input so the President can receive the best possible advice. was abolished after Watergate and its responsibilities were returned to the departments and agencies.

is larger and more complex because of the expanded responsibilities of presidents and the centralization of tasks that used to be performed in agencies and departments.

The Office of Management and Budget keeps Congress well informed on international affairs. consents to treaties and trade agreements negotiated by the President. was created by Article III of the Constitution. is staffed by accountants, economists, and tax lawyers.

is staffed by accountants, economists, and tax lawyers.

When the federal government makes a block grant it will match whatever the state will spend on a specific purpose. it gives an exact amount of money to spend for some purpose. it can only be used at the local level it is tied to prison reform.

it gives an exact amount of money to spend for some purpose.

The ability of the Supreme Court to overturn federal laws and executive actions as unconstitutional is known as judicial supremacy judicial review judicial fiat judicial activism

judicial review

The short, 2-year terms in the House of Representatives were designed by the Framers of the Constiution to make the Senate the more powerful of the two houses. keep the House as close to the people as possible. keep the House subordinate to the other branches of government. ensure that incumbents would always have an advantage.

keep the House as close to the people as possible.

The Bill of Rights was designed to ensure that national majorities could impose their preferences on the press and the behavior of the citizenry. simply limit the capacity of state-level majorities to impose their preferences on the press and the behavior of the citizenry. maximize the capacity of the national government to enact the policy preferences of majorities. limit the capacity of government to impose conformity costs on those individuals and minorities whose views differ from the majority.

limit the capacity of government to impose conformity costs on those individuals and minorities whose views differ from the majority.

Assignments to committees are chosen by the Vice President drawn by lot, or chance irrelevant because the chair of a committee can override the appointments and remove any member made by party committees under firm control of senior party leaders and ratified by the party membership

made by party committees under firm control of senior party leaders and ratified by the party membership

The powers that party leaders exercise have grown stronger in recent years since Congress decided to resume using earmarks. must be voted on at the start of each Congress so every member knows the rules. mainly take the form of favors that the leaders may grant or withhold, which can be substantial. are absolute because they can demand members vote for the party or face expulsion.

mainly take the form of favors that the leaders may grant or withhold, which can be substantial.

The so-called elastic clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution provides that Congress can "make all Laws which shall be necessary so long as they are based on the common law of England or of the Colonies." necessary to enact the enumerated powers, the propriety of said laws shall be determined by the several States." supreme over the laws of the several States." necessary and proper for carrying into Execution" the foregoing enumerated powers.

necessary and proper for carrying into Execution" the foregoing enumerated powers.

The Supreme Court has held which the following to be expression outside the bounds of speech protected by the First Amendment? wearing black armbands burning the American flag obscenity protesting at military funerals

obscenity

The Supreme Court has gained increased power by overruling state laws inimical with the Bill of Rights through incorporation. frequently ruling policies created in the states conflict with the enumerated powers of Congress. protecting unilateral presidential action allowing the President to determine which agencies should receive grants. serving as an impartial referee when resolving disputes between the states and the national government.

overruling state laws inimical with the Bill of Rights through incorporation.

At the First Continental Congress, called by Boston resistance leader Samuel Adams, the delegates from the colonies did which of the following? adopted the Articles of Confederation passed resolutions condemning British taxes and administrative decrees and adopted the Declaration of American Rights adopted Benjamin Franklin's "Plan of the Union" ended without adopting anything because of the conflict between loyalists and the resistance

passed resolutions condemning British taxes and administrative decrees and adopted the Declaration of American Rights

The Madisonian view of democracy often is referred to as which of the following? elitism factionalism conditionalism pluralism

pluralism

What is the name of the principle where citizens delegate authority to their agents in government while retaining the right to rescind that authority? agency loss privatization popular sovereignty checks and balances

popular sovereignty

What was President Grover Cleveland referring to when he said, "I make one ingrate and ten enemies."? presidential pardons executive orders presidential appointments line item vetoes

presidential appointments

The necessary and proper clause of the Constitution specifies the internal workings of Congress. provides Congress with the authority to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution the powers enumerated by the Constitution. provides the judicial branch with jurisdiction over any matter the Supreme Court deems to be "necessary and proper." provides the executive with the power to override any act of Congress so long as the President certifies that such an override is "necessary and proper."

provides Congress with the authority to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution the powers enumerated by the Constitution.

Modern presidents deal with an opposition Congress using vetoes and threats but also by declaring a state of national emergency. appointing a friendly Speaker of the House of Representatives and seeking allies to occupy positions of leadership in the Senate. pulling decisions into the White House through executive orders, centralized administration, and broad assertions of executive privilege. ensuring the Senate overrides any order issued by the House.

pulling decisions into the White House through executive orders, centralized administration, and broad assertions of executive privilege.

The Second Continental Congress instructed the local colonial committees to do which of the following? assert their continued loyalty to King George to avoid war organize a defensive multistate naval blockade of the Port of New York reconstitute themselves as state governments based on republican principles initiate trade agreements with other countries to replace the goods no longer available from Britain

reconstitute themselves as state governments based on republican principles

The incumbency advantage in the House of Representatives: rose from 1 or 2 points in the 1960s to almost 8 points by 2002, but has since declined to the levels seen in the 1950s. continues to increase every decade as mapmakers draw districts that perfectly fit the needs of lawmakers. was eliminated when the House of Representatives adopted a system of proportional representation. decreased from an average of 8 points in 2002, but has started rising again in recent elections as national forces play little role in congressional elections.

rose from 1 or 2 points in the 1960s to almost 8 points by 2002, but has since declined to the levels seen in the 1950s.

The President's budget sets the basic framework for spending and taxing in the United States. is advisory, but Congress is required to vote on the President's budget so the voters have a clear choice of competing policy priorities. sets the spending priorities of the administration and represents an opening bid in negotiations. has largely been dismantled as executive departments communicate directly with the Appropriations Committees to reduce political influences.

sets the spending priorities of the administration and represents an opening bid in negotiations.

The passage of the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act, which standardized state driver's licenses for interstate truckers, is an example of the federal government doing which of the following? continuing to import legal solutions from the United Kingdom rewriting regulations to satisfy special interest groups at the expense of good policy for the people as a whole dictating local law enforcement solving a coordination problem among the states

solving a coordination problem among the states

The checks and balances contained within the Constitution result in which of the following? consolidation of power in the executive branch, since the House and Senate are usually at odds some capacity of each of the three branches to limit the power of the other two a national bank of the United States separation of power so that each branch can operate independently of the others

some capacity of each of the three branches to limit the power of the other two

The use of rules in the House of Representatives specifies when, how long, and under what procedures a bill will be considered. specifies how members must conduct themselves during debates in the chamber. has grown increasingly open in recent years as the majority party tried to encourage more amendments to pass bipartisan legislation. is under the control of the party leadership, and rank-and-file members have no means for expressing their concerns.

specifies when, how long, and under what procedures a bill will be considered.

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal and Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty are both examples of election platform slogans that did not result in policy changes. sudden bursts of national policymaking in which the federal government assumed jurisdiction over public policy once reserved to the states. federal responses to foreign policy decisions by state executives. Republican Party initiatives undertaken after Hoover left office.

sudden bursts of national policymaking in which the federal government assumed jurisdiction over public policy once reserved to the states.

The President is commander in chief of the nation's armed forces because Congress specifically delegated this authority to the office after the Civil War. the Supreme Court declared this to be the case at the outset of World War I. the Constitution declares it. the states voted to transfer this power to the executive after the War of 1812.

the Constitution declares it.

In distributing power between the House and the Senate, the final compromise regarding the authority to raise or spend money required that bills raising revenue originate in which of the following? the Senate, with the House having an unrestricted right to amend them the House, with the Senate having a very limited right to amend them the House, with the Senate having an unrestricted right to amend them the Senate, with the House having a very limited right to amend them

the House, with the Senate having an unrestricted right to amend them

In midterm elections, the President's party often gains seats because supporters of the other party are demoralized and do not turn out to the polls. the President runs for reelection so it provides a boost to all of the candidates from his party running for reelection. the President's party often loses seats, but the size of the losses depends on the performance of the economy and the President. the President's performance or that of the economy has little effect on explaining the outcome of midterm elections.

the President's party often loses seats, but the size of the losses depends on the performance of the economy and the President.

Following the Revolutionary War, the United States confronted significant problems paying the national debt and addressing trade problems that generated calls for a national authority to solve the problems. the United States experienced an economic boom as the nation was rebuilt following the war and citizens could turn their attention to more productive activities instead of fighting. the United States formalized its relationship with France into a military alliance that helped protect U.S. trade interests overseas. the United States operated confidently under the Articles of Confederation.

the United States confronted significant problems paying the national debt and addressing trade problems that generated calls for a national authority to solve the problems.

The Antifederalists argued that the United States needed one set of laws that could unite the country and encourage the development of a national marketplace. the Articles of Confederation were sufficient for governing the United States. the United States was too large and too diverse to be ruled by a single set of laws. only the establishment of a monarchy could protect the United States against European encroachment.

the United States was too large and too diverse to be ruled by a single set of laws.

To justify the New Deal's unprecedented intervention in the economy, the Roosevelt administration invoked which of the following? the commerce clause the equal protection clause the free exercise clause the 10th Amendment

the commerce clause

The Seventeenth Amendment, which came about amid persistent and widespread charges of bribery, mandated which of the following? the creation of the Electoral College prohibition of alcohol the direct and popular election of senators a two-term limitation for presidents

the direct and popular election of senators

In the case of McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court led by Chief Justice John Marshall upheld the right of the national government to create a bank based on which of the following? The authority to create the bank was expressly enumerated as a governmental power in the Constitution. the elastic clause in the Constitution his hostility to the Federalist view of government relations Maryland's previous waiver of its sovereign right to prohibit the bank's establishment

the elastic clause in the Constitution

The Constitution opened the door to nationalization by granting the federal government ultimate power to determine within certain bounds which of the following? the extent of its authority with regard to the states health care policy and funding the manner in which local elections are run education policy

the extent of its authority with regard to the states

To end a filibuster in the Senate, cloture must be invoked by how many votes?three fifths of the Senate membership, currently 60 votes three fifths vote of a joint committee of House and Senate members a majority vote in each of the majority and minority party caucuses a majority vote

three fifths of the Senate membership, currently 60 votes

A multiple referral sends a bill to which of the following? to the Supreme Court and the executive for simultaneous preapproval to multiple committees at the same time or in sequence, in whole or piece by piece to the Attorneys General of the states for consideration to the floor of the House and the Senate at once for a simultaneous final vote

to multiple committees at the same time or in sequence, in whole or piece by piece

The states often engage in cutthroat competition by offering companies tax breaks and other benefits to relocate. True False

true

Opposition-controlled congresses write longer laws on average because they try to anticipate efforts by an unsympathetic administration to suborn or redirect policy. are more likely to be in conflict. use these longer bills to "go public" and undermine public support for the President. are ever diligent against efforts to dissolve Congress and call for new elections.

try to anticipate efforts by an unsympathetic administration to suborn or redirect policy.