POS2041 Chapter 7
Which of these is an example of a major television network?
ABC
Which of the following is a consequence of the rise of narrowcasting?
Young adults are less likely than other age groups to use newspapers and broadcast media as news and information sources.
Iyengar and Kinder's research found that TV news __________.
can alter the priorities Americans attach to problems depending on which stories are covered
Over 80 percent of the nation's daily newspaper circulation is published by massive media conglomerates called __________.
chains
The use of in-depth reporting to unearth scandals, scams, and schemes, at times putting reporters in adversarial relationships with political leaders, is referred to as __________ journalism.
investigative
The media act as a __________ between the people and policymakers.
key linkage institution
As technology has enabled the media to pass along information with greater speed, news coverage has become __________.
less thorough
The primary interest of privately owned media is __________.
making a profit
Television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and other forms of communication are collectively referred to as the __________.
mass media
The increased number of news and infotainment options has resulted in __________ in which media outlets focus on a particular interest and aim at a particular audience.
narrowcasting
In democracies, the primary interest of publicly owned media is __________.
serving the public interest
In 1960, one newspaper was sold for every two adults; by 2014, one paper was sold for every __________.
six adults
Politicians and journalists have a(n) __________ relationship: Politicians rely on journalists to get out their message, and journalists rely on politicians to keep them in the know.
symbiotic
Which of these would a major TV network be least likely to show for very long?
talking heads discussing a major news event
The cozy relationship between politicians and the press in the twentieth century lasted until when?
the Vietnam War and Watergate
Thomas Patterson's careful analysis of campaign reporting has shown that since 1960, its emphasis has changed dramatically from __________.
the candidates' policy statements to the campaign as a horse race
Epstein's News From Nowhere suggests which of the following about newsworthiness?
TV networks define news as what is entertaining to average viewers.
Which of the following is a consequence of the rise of television broadcasting?
The news consumed by the American public is more entertaining than educational.
In 1934, Congress created which body to regulate the use of the airwaves?
Federal Communications Commission
Which president practically invented media politics?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
During a 1976 presidential debate, President Ford made a mistake by saying that the Soviet Union was not the dominant force in Eastern Europe. The statement was given much press coverage, and polls indicated that most viewers did not recognize the error until they learned of it on the news. What effect did this reporting have on public opinion?
It made Ford seem less qualified.
How does the increasing focus of media conglomerates on making a profit affect television news?
Media organizations have cut back on their foreign bureaus and on international news.
__________ is the tendency for viewers to seek news that aligns with their existing ideas.
Selective exposure
Differences in press coverage between the initial speeches given to Congress by President Reagan and by President Obama show __________.
a diminishing audience for national news and presidential messages
What is an event called that is purposely staged for the media and that is significant just because the media are there?
a media event
Increasing public attention to specific problems is a core feature of the media's __________ power.
agenda-setting
Trial balloons are used for which of the following?
assessing a political reaction
In covering military conflicts, the majority of TV news stories usually originate from correspondents posted at __________ including the White House, the Pentagon, and the State Department.
beats
What are the specific locations from which news frequently emanates called?
beats
Research suggests that the overriding bias in the news is one toward stories that __________.
draw the largest audience
Television, radio, and the Internet are __________ media; newspapers and magazines are __________ media.
electronic; print
Civil rights activists in the 1960s used the media to show Americans the injustice of the treatment of minorities, successfully placing the civil rights issue onto the __________.
policy agenda
People who invest their political capital in an issue are called __________.
policy entrepreneurs
Policy entrepreneurs are people who invest __________ in an issue.
political capital
Research by Miller and Krosnick demonstrates that the effects of agenda-setting by media are particularly strong among which group?
politically knowledgeable citizens who trust the media
The "minimal effects hypothesis" suggested that the media have a minimal effect on __________.
public opinion
What do network executives blame for the superficiality in media reporting?
the public
An intentional news leak for the purpose of assessing the political reaction it generates is called a(n) __________.
trial balloon
Top aides to President Clinton leaked his admission of an "inappropriate relationship" to the New York Times in order to gauge the public response to the revelation. Based on the public's response to this __________, Clinton went ahead and admitted the "inappropriate relationship" to the grand jury.
trial balloon
Public officials often leak __________ to reporters to see what the political reaction will be.
trial balloons
