POS2112 FINAL RXAM

Identify the American state that collects individual income taxes.

Oregon

A ________ is where public employment hiring and promotion are based on demonstrated skill, training, and performance rather than on political patronage.

Merit system

The ________ of 2002 required states to design state standards and annually test elementary school children to determine whether they are making adequate progress toward achieving those standards.

No Child Left Behind Act

A tax graduated so that people of higher incomes pay a larger fraction of their income than people of lower incomes is known as a ________ tax.

Progressive

The ________, a grant competition, invited American states to compete for extra federal funding based on their willingness to try new educational programs.

Race to the top

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends is known as a ________.

Spoils system

Which of the following statements is true of borrowing money?

State and local bonds are attractive to investors because the interest they earn is exempt from federal income tax.

Which of the following is true of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) policy?

States determined whether a smaller or larger proportion of poor families were eligible.

Which of the following statements about managing transportation is true?

States do the planning, estimate the costs, and arrange for the construction work, even when they receive federal assistance.

Dealing with public sector labor unions is a major focus of state and local government in many states.

T

In early 2006, Congress passed the Deficit Reduction Act, which includes many new options for states trying to reduce the growth of Medicaid spending.

T

In some states in the U.S., officials have the authority to set the course of study in schools-that is, to determine what must be taught and what may not be taught.

T

State and local governments in America get most of their money from taxes.

T

The Medicaid program is a joint federal-state program that provides medical assistance to low-income families.

T

Twenty-six American states allow labor unions to engage in collecting dues automatically from employees' paychecks, as allowed by the federal ________ Act of 1947.

Taft-Hartley

A tax on the increased worth of a product at each stage of production and distribution rather than just at the point of sale is known as a ________ tax.

Valué-added

In 2008, Mayor Michael Bloomberg of New York proposed ________ that would levy additional fees on cars entering lower Manhattan during high traffic times of the day.

congestion pricing

One of the issues often discussed about education funding is ________.

equity

Today, all states have ________ programs based on the belief that employees should not have to bear the cost of accidents or illnesses incurred because of their jobs.

workers' compensation

The ________ delivers a report card on U.S. infrastructure every four years.

American Society of Civil Engineers

________ are financial instruments issued by state and local governments and bought by investors.

Bonds

The federal government makes grants to the states for facilities, equipment, model programs, and general aid at the elementary, secondary, and higher education levels through the ________.

Department of Education

State and local governments have the primary responsibility for ________ and provide most of the money to pay for it.

Education

________ is divided into four steps-readiness, response, recovery, and remediation.

Emergency management

Most of the growth in federal grants as sources of revenues for state governments has come from TRICARE.

F

Often the general sales tax is set at a much higher rate than the specific sales tax.

F

Pressure to reform the welfare system decreased among both Democrats and Republicans in the last decades of the twentieth century.

F

State and local governments do not vary considerably in their administrative capabilities.

F

Identify the American state that gave managers great control over employee hiring and firing by adopting personnel system reforms.

Florida

The type of state sales tax levied on most retail goods is referred to as a(n) ________ sales tax.

General

Identify the American state that taxes an individual's dividend and interest income but not his or her wages.

Tennessee

Which of the following statements is true about charter schools?

They are the fastest-growing form of choice in K-12 education.

Thomas, an American citizen, moved from a big city to the suburbs because his job required him to do so. When he approached the authorities of a nearby public school to enroll his daughter, he noticed that most of the children studying in the school were white and belonged to middle-class families. There were barely any children from other ethnicities. Which of the following terms describes this situation?

de facto segregation

The ________ tax is a major revenue source for local governments, even though it is considered the "least fair" or the "worst" tax in U.S. public opinion surveys.

general property

High-stakes testing refers to tests ________.

that students must pass to go on to the next grade level or graduate from high school