Positive Psych Exam #1

4 ways to pursue a goal

own your goal, make it fun, big picture, keep a balance.

money doesnt help after

75,000

savoring types

1)basking 2)marveling 3)luxuriating 4)thankgsiving

3 dimensions of pos psych

1)subjective 2)individual 3)social level

our set points

10% life choices & 40% life choices & behaviors

Which of the following is FALSE? A)Intrinsic motivation and introjected strivings are similar because they both entail personally meaningful goals. B)Highly abstract goals may decrease immediate well-being. C)The rate of progress one has made toward goals may be even more important than actual achievement. D)Personal strivings are related to subjective well-being in ways similar to goals.

A)Intrinsic motivation and introjected strivings are similar because they both entail personally meaningful goals.

The facet of neuroticism that is most crucial for subjective well-being is ______.

depression

eudaimonic

Aristotle pursuing one's true nature. ones true self. A "pleasure of the mind" usually characterized by deliberation and insightfulness

Which of the following is TRUE? a)L-dopa is known as the "love hormone." B)People can train themselves to increase activation in the area of the brain associated with happiness. c)Most research has shown that there are three basic emotions.

B)People can train themselves to increase activation in the area of the brain associated with happiness.

Which of the following is TRUE? a)Regardless of their home environment, children who are HSP tend to have emotional problems. b)The highly sensitive person (HSP) was first described by Freud. C)The strength of the HSP trait is genetically determined

C)The strength of the HSP trait is genetically determined

Neuroplasticity

Change in neural connections caused by learning or a response to injury. learning music or meditation

Which of the following is TRUE? a)Self-reports of subjective well-being change significantly over time. b)Unlike those in the United States, people in other Western industrialized nations report low levels of happiness (an average of 2 on a scale from 1 to 10). c)Observational measures of well-being are now the most widely used assessment tool in most studies of happiness and life satisfaction. D)Most people in the United States report "above average" levels of happiness.

D)Most people in the United States report "above average" levels of happiness.

Which of the following is TRUE? A)Positive and negative emotions are the opposite and balanced ends of an emotional continuum. b)There seem to be fewer basic negative emotions than positive ones. c)Positive emotions tend to have specific markers in terms of autonomic activation. D)People are not very good at predicting how they will feel when they reach their goals.

D)People are not very good at predicting how they will feel when they reach their goals.

Which of the following is TRUE? a)Wealthier people contribute a larger percentage of their income to charity than do others. B)Young people gain more well-being from ordinary experiences than extraordinary ones. c)Gazing at relatively small amounts of money while engaged in unrelated tasks resulted in people's enjoying these tasks more. D)Spending money on experiences, such as a family vacation, is more likely to correlate with happiness than spending money on material goods such as a new car.

D)Spending money on experiences, such as a family vacation, is more likely to correlate with happiness than spending money on material goods such as a new car.

Which of the following is TRUE? a)Extraversion is the only one of the Big 5 traits that is significantly correlated with well-being. b)Personality does not impact negative emotionality. c)The Big 5 traits are the only personality traits found to predict well-being. D)traits have a different impact on well-being at different ages.

D)traits have a different impact on well-being at different ages.

People in the United State think of happiness in terms of quiet contentment that is a somewhat private emotion.

F

Positive psychology proponents (like Seligman) regard the good about life as more genuine and more important to study than the bad. In fact, they suggest that positive psychology should replace other fields of study in psychology.

False

Research consistently shows that women are happier than men.

False

T or F. A basic assumption of the field of Positive Psychology is that biology and genetic predispositions are much much more influential in determining people's psychological adjustment than other factors.

False

broaden and build model

Fredrickson's model of positive emotion, stating that the function of positive emotions lies in their effects on an individual's attention and ability to build resources. upward spiral of good.

Which of the following is TRUE among transgender individuals?

Gender confirming surgery improved eudaimonic well-being for both trans men and women.

self-concordance theory

If goals are consistent with an individual's interests, they are more likely to attain them and be happy, because striving for them is fun. If goals are pursued for extrinsic reasons (money, status), they are less likely to attain them or be happy when they achieve them because the goals are less meaningful to them.

The importance of income to happiness is greatest for ______.

Joe, lives in the United States and whose household income is $20,000

_____ refers to being aware of the present moment during our daily activities, including both the world outside us and our inner experiences.

Mindfulness

Which of the following is TRUE of the Buddhist inspired style of mindfulness?

No suggestion exists that the information gained through the process of mindfulness should be used in a specific way.

_____ is the science and applications related to the study of human psychological strengths or virtues

Positive psychology

martin sellingman

President of American Pysch Association-push pos psych

Subjective well-being is associated with time affluence ______.

across all income levels. time affluence = having more time is better than more money

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the impact of discrimination on subjective well-being?

The negative effects of discrimination impact children more severely than adults

Construals/Schemas

a. The way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world; an interpretation of or inference about the stimuli or situations people confront

Diener and colleagues (2007) found that people who scored "10" on a 10-point scale of happiness were actually worse off in a number of areas than those who score 8 or 9.

True

Extraversion is a major predictor of adult playfulness.

True

High school students who received higher grades and excel scholastically are also involved in more activities outside of class.

True

Research shows that one's average level of happiness and life satisfaction are both relatively stable.

True

Self-report measures of well-being are the most widely used assessment tool in most studies of happiness and life satisfaction.

True

People in which of the following groups tend to report the highest well-being?

White Americans

Which of the following is TRUE?

Women tend to seek emotional support more than men.

moods

a continuous monitoring system that we can cope w events. faster thinkin=more pos moods

experience sampling method (ESM)

a method of collecting data about adolescents' emotional states, in which individuals are paged and asked to report on their mood and activity

metaanalysis

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

hope theory

a result of 2 process-pathways & agency-hopeful=more pos emos

The key element common to leisure, flow, mindfulness, savoring, and peak performance is

absorption

transcendent functioning

appreciation, gratitude, spirituality, hope, humor

bottom up theory

assessing the quality of marriage and several other areas to create a statement of overall satisfaction. look at each area of life. how satisfied w relationship to job, living, etc. then impact out environment w idea we will increase subj well being.

savoring def

awareness of pleasure and focus attn on the sensation & delight in it.

feeling moderate subj WB

brings more beneficial effect. large flucuations are related to more neg emos than pos

Buddists- Mindfulness

awareness where attention is focused on ones ongoing immediate expereinces. not said to be used in any specific way. just calm detachment from experience. mechanism= not clear. calm quiet- may notice thoughts but not suppose to be purposeful in using them or attaching things to them. not suggesting on how its used. 1. intention 2.attention 3.attitude

when are W happier than M

b4 age 48

emo are complex

bio, cogn, behavior, and socio cultural

Dr. Prieto assessed the quality of marriage, the quality of friendships, job satisfaction, and satisfaction in several other areas. He then combined them into a total score. He is using the ______.

bottom-up perspective

Physiology

can be changed by behaviors

If the bottom-up perspective is correct, then interventions should focus on ______.

changing people's environments

Ellen Langer-mindfulness

cognitive style centered on awareness. purposeful, recognize & being aware & using it. 1 experience 2 activate attempts for new categories or knowledge and 3 thinking about one's life with more than 1 point of view. .

Which of the following is FALSE? a)Positive and negative emotions can occur at the same time. b)Interventions that influence one type of emotionality may have no effect or even the opposing impact on the other type of emotionality. c)Positive and negative emotions are relatively independent. d)Positive and negative emotions are associated with the same biological markers.

d)Positive and negative emotions are associated with the same biological markers.

the good life

connection with others. positive individual traits and life regulation qualities

One's freely chosen interpretation of reality is referred to as ______.

construals

biology

dont rule our emo lives. =affect influences, ecperinces, and envrionments sought after. do not completely determine happ. typically level wb can chnage over time

Melia scores high on measures of ______. Not only is she able to accurately read the emotions of other people, but she is able to reason and problem-solve on the basis of them. a)emotional intelligence b)neuroplasticity c)affective forecasting d)signature strengths

emotional intelligence

self-determination theory (SDT)

emphasizes roles of ... Autonomy: need to be in control of one's actions and ideas Competence: need to complete and excel at difficult tasks Relatedness: need to feel accepted and wanted in relationships

Decentering

enables people to distance and disidentify themselves from the contents of their conscious thoughts and emotions (Safran and Segal1990). By this, they gain a sense of mastery over their thoughts and emotions and feel able to perceive them as transient mental events, rather than to identify with them or to believe that thoughts and emotions are accurate reflections of the self or the reality

Aristotle proposed that there were 12 basic virtues that when cultivated allowed people to grow toward a state of

eudaimonia

low well being high mental health

floundering

high well being low mental illness

flourishing

autotelic expereince

for the sake of doing it

is frequency or intensity more import

frequency

hedonic perspective

goal to increase happiness in a veriety of ways

highly sensative person

is someone who experiences acute physical, mental, or emotional responses to stimuli. This can include external stimuli, like your surroundings and the people you're with, or internal stimuli, like your own thoughts, emotions and realizations. While everyone feels sensitive at times, and everyone reacts to stimuli to some degree, being a highly sensitive person means you experience a much greater response — so much so that it can seem overwhelming. Many highly sensitive people need to excuse themselves from high-stimulus environments, often having a "refuge" where they can be alone and "ground" their reactions.

Hedonic Adaption/Treadmill

is the observed tendency of humans to quickly return to a relatively stable level of happiness despite major positive or negative events or life changes

Researchers examining brain wave activity in athletes found that being "in the zone" coincided with ______.

more activity in the right hemisphere

genetics of emo

hereditary 80% of long term sense of well being. genetics=30-50%. family envir and learning can impact wb

top down theory

how we score ourselves. bringing our tendencies toward positive interpretations to situation we encounter in life. half full or half empty . good constant thinkers. personality traits. self esteem. optimism and hope. sense of control and meaning.

Abraham Maslow emphasized that people strive to make the most of their potential in a process called self-actualization within what tradition?

humanistic

strengths and virtues

important tools to handle stress and difficult situations

low well being low mental illness

languishing

positive psych started

late 90s

part of brain assoc w happiness

left prefrontal cortex. assoc w addiction and desire

Which of the following suggests that access to the social and economic benefits found in wealthier countries might account for differences in well-being?

livability theory

What best describes the term hedonism?

maximizing of pleasure and minimizing of pain

dymamic model of affect

neg and pos emo are situationally dependent. unique psychological processes.

pos emo

nonsepcific action tendencies . smiling or hug

The best definition of an autotelic experience is ______.

one that is done for its own sake

Mindfulness fosters the ability to think about one's own thought processes. In other words, mindfulness increases ______.

one's metacognitive perspective

Barbara Frederickson's Broaden-and-Build Model of Positive Affect

pos emo open our minds change bounderies of our hearts and ours minds. world is larger. you can see more. changes way ppl see big picture. do better on math and other tests. ppl bounce back quicker. ability to widen vision and emo.

PANAS

positive and negative affects scale

PERMA

positive emo. Engagement. relationships. meaning. accomplishment. sellingman multideminsional model of wb.

realistic optimism

possible to unlearn negative styles od thinkging and learn how to interpret events w more realistic optimism.

difference from humanistic and pos psych

pp is more sceintifc greter emphasis on well being of average person. but humanistic and pp are converging

livability thesis

related to leisure. comparing happiness in different places. ppl in more livable/advanced industrialized places =easier living =happier

engine model of well being

sellingmands involves inputs and processes and outcomes. involves voluntary behaviors =eudaimnoia and hedonic

to change long Term subjective WB

speed up adaption to neg events. Slow down adaption to Pos events

bottom up

spending money well. time use. paradox of choice. gender. attractiveness. discrimmination race.

high well being high mental illness

struggling

classification of mental health flourishing

struggling . floundering . languishing

Mercedes has moved several times over the past decade, each time getting a nicer and bigger home as her combined income with her partner has increased. She continues to work in an industry that pays really well even though she would prefer a work setting where she could utilize her artistic talents. She rationalizes that once she gets a bigger home in a more exclusive neighborhood she will finally become "really happy." This is an example of ______.

the hedonic treadmill

affective forecasting

the tendency for people to overestimate how events will make them feel in the future

can you be too happy?

wanting happ too much can lead to lonliness. =more happ gullable . more selfish. could mean detaching from whats really happening.

Research has shown that happy people ______.

watch less TV than unhappy people.

Positive psychology offers a balance to the ______ oriented approach by suggesting we should also explore strengths.

weakness