P.O.W.E.R. Learning Ch-1

Physical Organization

(Basic) Involves the mechanical aspects of task completion.

right-brain processing:

- Nonverbal competence (spatial relationships, recognition of patterns and drawings, music, and emotional expression) - Information is processed globally

Left-brain processing:

- Verbal competence (reading, speaking, thinking, and reasoning) - Information is processed sequentially

Four major personality dimensions:

1) Introverts vs. Extroverts 2) Intuitors vs. Sensors 3) Thinkers vs. Feelers 4) Perceivers vs. Judgers

Framework for critical thinking:

1) Review how you've accomplished the task. 2) Question the outcome. 3) identify your underlying assumptions; then challenge them. 4) Consider alternatives rejected earlier. 5) Ask yourself: What would I do differently if I had the opportunity to try things again? 6) Finally, reconsider your initial goals.

The best way to set appropriate goals?

1) Set both long-term & short-term goals. 2)Makes goals realistic and attainable. 3) State goals in terms of behavior that can be measured against current accomplishments. 4) Choose goals that involve behavior over which you have control. 5) Identify how your short-term goals fit with your long term goals.

Steps to follow in evaluating:

1) Take a moment to congratulate yourself and feel some satisfaction. 2) Compare what you've accomplished with the goals you're seeking to achieve. 3) Evaluate tour accomplishments as if you were a respected mentor from your past. 4) Evaluate what you've done as if you were your current instructor or supervisor. 5) Based on your evaluation, revise your work.

Tips for keeping your motivation alive, so you can work with your full energy behind you:

1) Take responsibility for your failures & successes. 2) Think positively. 3) Accept that you cant control everything.

Perfectionism can be as paralyzing as laziness. Key points:

1) know there's always another day 2) realize that deciding when to stop work is often as hard as getting started. 3) use the strategies that already work for you.

Observational learning takes place in 4 steps:

1) paying attention and perceiving the most critical features of another person's behavior. 2) remembering the behavior. 3) reproducing the action. 4) being motivated to learn and carry out the behavior.

growth mindset

A belief that people can increase their abilities and do better through hard work.

Auditory/verbal learning style

A style that favors listening as the best approach to learning

Visual/graphic learning style

A style that favors material presented visually in a diagram or picture

Read/write learning style

A style that involves a preference for written material, favoring reading over hearing and touching

Tactile/kinesthetic learning style

A style that involves learning by touching, manipulating objects, and doing things.

P.O.W.E.R. Learning

A system designed to help people acheive their goals, based on 5 steps: Prepare, Organize, Work, Evaluate, & Rethink

Reinforcer

A thing that increases the probability that a behavior will occur again.

Classical conditioning

A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus elicits a response after being paired with a natural stimulus.

Mental Organization

Accomplished by considering and reviewing the academic skills that you'll need to successfully complete the task at hand.

Long-term goals

Aims relating to major accomplishments that take some time to achieve.

Evaluation

An assessment of the match between a product or activity and the goals it was intended to meet.

Multiple Intelligences Theory

Gardner's theory that each person possesses at least eight types of intelligence: 1) Logical-mathematical intelligence 2) linguistic intelligence 3) spatial intelligence 4) interpersonal intelligence 5) intrapersonal intelligence 6) musical intelligence 7) bodily kinesthetic intelligence 8) naturalist intelligence

Interpersonal intelligence

Interacting with others and a sensitivity to moods, temperaments, and motivations of others.

Introverts vs. extroverts:

Introverts - prefer working alone, and are less affected by how others think & behave. Extroverts - outgoing, more affected by the behavior and thinking of others, and they are energized by having other people around.

Intuitors vs. sensors:

Intuitors- enjoy solving problems & being creative. They get impatient with details, preferring to make leaps of judgement & they enjoy the challenge of solving problems and taking a big-picture approach. Sensors - prefer a concrete, logical approach in which they can carefully analyze the facts of the situation. Although they are good with details, sometimes they miss the big picture.

logical-mathematical intelligence

Involves skills in problem solving and scientific thinking.

operant conditioning

Learning in which a behavior is made more or less likely to recur regularly because of the presence of a reinforcer.

Learning style

Ones preferred manner of acquiring, using, and thinking about knowledge.

Perceivers & judgers:

Perceivers - before drawing a conclusion, they attempt to gather as much information as they can. They are open to multiple perspectives and appreciate all sides of an issue, which sometimes leads to difficulty completing a task. Judgers - quick and decisive. Like to set goals, accomplish them, and then move on to the next task.

short-term goals

Relatively limited steps toward the accomplishment of long-term goals.

bodily kinesthetic intelligence

Skill in using the body in the solution of problems - dancers, athletes, actors, surgeons.

naturalist intelligence

Skills in identifying and classifying patterns in nature.

intrapersonal intelligence

Strong understanding of the internal aspects of oneself and access to emotions.

Motivation

The inner power and psychological energy that directs and fuels behavior.

Receptive learning style

The way in which we initially receive information

Thinkers vs. feelers:

Thinkers - prefer logic over emotion. They reach decisions and solve problems by systematically analyzing a situation. Feelers - rely more on their emotional responses. They are aware of others' and their feelings, and they are influenced by their personal values & attachments to others.

critical thinking

a process involving reanalysis, questioning, and challenge of underlying assumptions.

musical intelligence

skills in tasks involving music

linguistic intelligence

skills involved in the production and use of language

spatial intelligence

skills involving spatial configurations, such as those used by artists and architects