PPT

Industrial Revolution

1870-1900) • Period of time when the face of industry changed dramatically. • Lasting impact on the economies of the world and the lives of the person. Introduction of inventions that made the life of people easier.

Lab-on-a-chip

A number of researchers are currently working to develop what they call a "lab-on-a-chip." - These small devices will be able to take one of your body fluids (like blood or saliva) and analyze it to determine whether you are likely to develop specific diseases or health conditions, without ever visiting a doctor. - One way this might work is that every day at breakfast you would breathe into a straw and the chip would see if your susceptibility for any problems or exposures to dangerous chemicals has increased. - Such daily monitoring might help to find future conditions very early and perhaps make treatments more successful. - Some of these devices are currently available, but scientists are working to make even smaller designs that can screen for many more diseases with a faster response time.

Inventions during the Industrial Revolution

A. Textile B. Steam Engine C. Mining D. Iron Making E. Machine Tools F. Chemicals G. Cement H. Agriculture I. Tin Can J. Internal Combustion Engine K. Electricity L. Automobile M. Telephone N. Camera O. Phonograph P. Airplane

steam engine

A_____________ is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid

Andrew Meikle

Agriculture The threshing machine, invented by, _______________displaced hand threshing with a flail, a laborious job that took about onequarter of agricultural labor.

Joseph Foljambe's Rotherham

Agriculture plough of 1730 was the first commercially successful iron plough.

Brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright

Airplane _______ and ___________created the first airplane in 1903. • The ability to fly had long been a dream of the human race. • Within a few decades, planes had changed the face of personal and business travel and had dramatically altered warfare.

Nanotechnology Jobs

Applications Engineer • Director of Product Marketing • Director of Research • Holography and Optics Technician • Manufacturing Engineer • Market Development Manager • Mechanical Engineer • Optical Assembly Technician

Relationships (lab on a chip)

At-home diagnostic technologies would likely reduce our need to interact with human doctors and nurses. - These professionals are specially trained to tell when a diagnosis causes someone stress, offer them emotional support, and help them to deal with the problem. - How can we balance new technologies and emotional support to best deal with disease?

Henry Ford

Automobile ___________was by far one of the most imperative inventors of the Industrial Revolution.

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

Camera Beginning in 1814, ______________ the first person to ever take a photograph. • In 1827 he successfully produced the first, longlasting image using a plate coated with bitumen. • This was then washed in a solvent and placed over a box of iodine to produce a plate with light and dark qualities.

Joseph Aspdin

Cement In 1824, ___________a British bricklayerturned-builder, patented a chemical process for making portland cement. • This process involves sintering a mixture of clay and limestone to about 1,400 °C (2,552 °F), then grinding it into a fine powder which is then mixed with water, sand and gravel to produce concrete.

Englishman John Roebuck

Chemical Production sulphuric acid by the lead chamber process invented by the__________________----- in 1746.

Mining

Following the invention of the steam engine, demand for coal increased. Coal is valued for its energy content • Industrialization increased the demand significantly.

Global Warming

Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels. • The global average surface temperature rose 0.6 to 0.9 degrees Celsius (1.1 to 1.6° F) between 1906 and 2005, and the rate of temperature increase has nearly doubled in the last 50 years. • Temperatures are certain to go up further Average global sea levels are higher than at any point in the past 115,000 years and are rising rapidly, which may also be detectable in future.

t

Metropolitan Manila generates 9,283,889 kilograms per day (or almost 9.3 million kilograms) of wastes in 2018; • 85% is managed according to RA 9003, • 15% (or 9,212 tons) went uncollected in canals, esteros, river, finally Manila Bay

Electronics

Nanoelectronics holds some answers on expanding the capabilities of electronics devices can be expanded while reducing their weight and power consumption. These include improving display screens on electronics devices and increasing the density of memory chips. - Nanotechnology can also reduce the size of transistors used in integrated circuits. - One researcher believes it may be possible to put the power of all of today's present computers in the palm of your hand.

Nano technologies and Society

Nanotechnologies may contribute to major changes to the US and global economy, workforce, and way of living. - Applications range from new electronic devices and the means to fabricate them to materials for health and environmental uses. - Some nanotech products are already on the market while others are decades away from realization outside the lab. - These new nanotechnologies pose many uncertainties for society. - The risks that may accompany their use are largely unknown and their potential social and economic effects raise questions regarding equity and fairness, many of which are difficult to anticipate.

Consumer Products

Nanotechnology has already found its way into numerous consumer products you use every day, from clothing to skin lotion. They include: • Silver nanoparticles in fabric that kill bacteria making clothing odor-resistant. • Skin care products that use nanoparticles to deliver vitamins deeper into the skin • Lithium ion batteries that use nanoparticle-based electrodes powering plug-in electric cars. • Flame retardant formed by coating the foam used in furniture with carbon nanofibers.

Everyday Applications of Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology has numerous applications in everyday life, ranging from consumer goods to medicine to improving the environment.

Environment

Nanotechnology is being used in several applications to improve the environment. - This includes cleaning up existing pollution, improving manufacturing methods to reduce the generation of new pollution, and making alternative energy sources more cost effective.

Neolithic Society

Reliance upon the foods produced from cultivated lands. • Encouraged the growth of settlements. • Production of surplus crop yields

t

Scientists in the Soviet Union appear to have used the term "anthropocene" as early as the 1960s to refer to the Quaternary, the most recent geological period.

t

Spears and bows and arrows made killing large animals easier. • Over time, paleolithic people made better, more complex tools. By the end of the Paleolithic Age, people were making smaller and sharper tools. • They crafted needles from animal bones to make nets and baskets and to sew hides together for clothing.

Introduction of Agriculture (neolithic)

Surpluses could be stored and traded. • Agricultural life afforded securities. • Sedentary farming populations grew faster than nomadic.

projectile points, beads, and statues

Technology during the Neolithic Age They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments, including projectile ___________,____________ and ____________ The polished stone axe allowed forest clearance in a large scale.

Alexander Graham Bell

Telephone created the telephone in 1876. • The telephone further improved communications and eventually led to the various communications devices used today.

Textile Industry

The advancement of the ______________________was a key development in the Industrial Revolution. • The cotton increased productivity of removing seed from cotton gin by a factor of 50. • Large gains in productivity also occurred in spinning and weaving of textile • The first that employed the factory system. • The use of machines and an "assembly-line" approach

animal skins

The clothing of the Neolithic humans was made of _______________

Changes During the Paleolithic Age - Communication and Arts

• Development of spoken language. • The spoken language of early people was constantly growing and changing. • Development of spoken language. • The spoken language of early people was constantly growing and changing. • Paleolithic cave paintings have been found all around the world. • Early artists crushed yellow, black, and red rocks and combined them with animal fat to make their paints. • They used twigs and their fingertips to apply these paints to the rock walls.

John Hall and Bryan Dorkin

Tin CAn ____________ and _____________-would open the very first commercial canning factory in England in 1813.

Peter Durand

Tin Can The humble tin can was patented by a British merchant ____________ 1810. It would have an incalculable impact on food preservation and transportation right up to the present day.

Mini-drones

• VALUES - These devices will inevitably reduce people's privacy. - What is the balance between personal privacy and public safety that we are happiest with? • RELATIONSHIPS - Very likely, drones will primarily be used by police forces and the military. - But many technologies originally designed for government use, have also been developed for civilian use. ❖ There is nothing immoral or illegal about singing in the shower. - But if surveillance was placed inside our bathrooms, most of us would probably be less likely to sing. - Would our friends, bosses, or parents be interested in knowing this information about us, and if so, would they treat us differently as a result? - How might our relationships change if we knew we might be watched at any moment?

nuclear weapon

War efforts have left their mark on geology. • When the first nuclear weapon was detonated on 16 July 1945 in New Mexico • It deposited radionuclides - atoms with excess nuclear energy across a wide area. Since 1952, more explosive thermonuclear weapons have been tested.

Systems (nano silversocks)

We tend to only think of socks when they are on our feet, but they have to be made, washed, and disposed. - With nanosilver socks, in particular, the introduction of new materials into the wastewater treatment system can be risky because many municipal wastewater facilities rely on bacteria to break down waste. - We do not completely understand how these particles will affect the system, nor what level of precaution should we take with the disposal of nanosilver products.

Coal mining

________________ is the process of extracting coal from the ground

Internal Combustion Engine

______________________ is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. • Eventually this engine was used in mass transportation.

Flint technology

______________________ was a major breakthrough for early peoples.

James Watt

______________created the first truly reliable steam engine in 1775. • This invention made locomotives and many of the textile machines possible.

Hand axe

a large piece of flint tied to wooden pole

Nanotechnology

a part of science and technology about the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale - this means things that are about 100 nanometres across.

"human revolution"

a term that refers to the remarkable and sudden emergence of language, consciousness and culture in our species.

Issues That Have Identified the Anthropocene Period

a. Nuclear Weapons B. Fossil Fuels C. Plastics D. Changed Geology E. Fertilizers F. Global Warming G. Mass Extinction

Paleolithic Age

began about 2.5 million years ago and lasted until around 8000 B.C.

Paleolithic age

earliest part of this period was the

Nanoparticles or nanofibers

fabrics can enhance stain resistance, water resistance, and flame resistance, without a significant increase in weight, thickness, or stiffness of the fabric

Paleolithic Age

hunted buffalo, bison, wild goats, reindeer, and other animals, depending on where they lived. • Along coastal areas, they fished. These early people also gathered wild nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, and green plants . • Current research indicates that two-thirds of the energy was derived from animal foods. • The fat content of the diet was believed to be similar to that of the present day.

nanocomposite

materials that are lighter, stronger, and more chemically resistant than metal.

Paleolithic Age

men and women performed different tasks within the group. • Men, not women, hunted large animals people developed tools and weapons to help them hunt. • The traps and spears they made increased their chances of killing their prey. • Women stayed close to the camp, which was often located near a stream or other body of water. • They looked after the children and searched nearby woods and meadows for berries, nuts, and grains.

Paleolithic Age

sticks, stones, and tree branches served as tools.

Lab-on-a-chip

technology enables point-ofcare testing in real time, which speeds up delivery of medical care.

steam engine

the ___________________________ uses the expansion principle of chemistry, where heat applied to water transforms the water to steam and then pushes a piston (cylinder).' • This pushing force is typically transformed, by way of a connecting rod and flywheel, into rotational force for work.

Neolithic Revolution

First Agricultural Revolution

Systems (lab on a chip)

- The chip won't work by itself—it will have to be patched into a computer that can process the data. - Someone, most likely a corporation in this case, will have to build a database that can translate the data into a usable form. - And ultimately, the lab-on-a-chip does not do much good unless there is a medical system that can cure the disease, alleviate the symptoms, or address the problem. - How do we want this data to be used and distributed?

Values shape how technologies are both developed and adopted

- Values also shape what scientists and engineers do. - A combination of different values can motivate people to become scientists and engineers. - They may do it because they find it fun. - They may do it because they think they can make a lot of money at it. - And they may do it because they hope to make the world a better place through innovation. - Their work, in turn, has an impact on values— sometimes well beyond their knowledge.

Impacts of Nanotechnology

1. Faster, smaller, and more powerful computers that consume far less power, with longer-lasting batteries. - Circuits made from carbon nanotubes could be vital in maintaining the growth of computer power, allowing Moore's Law to continue. 2. Faster, more functional, and more accurate medical diagnostic equipment. - Lab-on-a-chip technology enables point-ofcare testing in real time, which speeds up delivery of medical care. - Nanomaterial surfaces on implants improve wear and resist infection. 3. Nanoparticles in pharmaceutical products improve their absorption within the body and make them easier to deliver, often through combination medical devices. - Nanoparticles can also be used to deliver chemotherapy drugs to specific cells, such as cancer cells. 4. Improved vehicle fuel efficiency and corrosion resistance by building vehicle parts from nanocomposite materials that are lighter, stronger, and more chemically resistant than metal. - Nanofilters remove nearly all airborne particles from the air before it reaches the combustion chamber, further improving gas mileage 5. Nanoparticles or nanofibers in fabrics can enhance stain resistance, water resistance, and flame resistance, without a significant increase in weight, thickness, or stiffness of the fabric. - For example, "nano-whiskers" on pants make them resistant to water and stains.

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1. The average Filipino uses 591 pieces of sachets, 174 shopping bags, and 163 plastic labo bags, yearly. 2. Every day, almost 48 million shopping bags are used throughout the Philippines or roughly 17.5 billion pieces a year. 3. Plastic labo bag used throughout the Philippines is at 45.2 million pieces per day, or 16.5 billion pieces a year. 4. Around three million diapers are discarded in the Philippines daily, or 1.1 billion diapers annually.

Social Implications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

1. Values shape how technologies are both developed and adopted. 2. Technologies affect social relationships 3. Technologies work because they are part larger systems.

Changed geology

Every time we destroy a patch of rainforest, this changes the future of Earth's geology. • We have transformed more than 50 per cent of Earth's land area for our own purposes. • Deforestation, farming, drilling, mining, landfills, dam-building and coastal reclamation are all having widespread effects on sedimentary processes. • Disrupting how layers of rock are laid down, which will be detectable thousands of years in the future.

Values shape how technologies are both developed and adopted.

Every time we make a decision about technology or science, we are making a values decision. - When we choose what to study, what to buy, or how to use a technology we are deciding what is most important to our families, in our jobs, and for our communities. - In this process—whether we are conscious of it or not—we look at the possibilities, reflect on our values, and then change the world—even if it is in a very small way. - This is perhaps most easily seen in the decisions we make as consumers. When we buy technologies, we are often motivated by our goals, hopes, and dreams. • We buy a hammer because we want to fix our house without having to pay an expensive contractor. • We buy a computer so that our children can be better prepared for school.

Paleolithic Age

Everyone worked to find food, because it was the key to the group's survival. • Some scientists believe that an equal relationship existed between Paleolithic men and women. • Some evidence suggests that some men and women may have hunted in monogamous pairs. • This means that a man and a woman worked together to find food for themselves and their children. • Such groupings became the first families.

Stone Age (Paleolithic Age)

Historians call the early period of human history

Sporting goods

If you're a tennis or golf fan, you'll be glad to hear that even sporting goods have been improved by nanotechnology. - Current nanotechnology applications in the sports arena include: • Increasing the strength of tennis racquets by adding nanotubes to the frames which increases control and power when you hit the ball. • Filling any imperfections in golf club shaft materials with nanoparticles; this improves the uniformity of the material that makes up the shaft and thereby improving your swing. • Reducing the rate at which air leaks from tennis balls so they keep their bounce longer

old stone

In Greek, paleolithic

Jean Lenoir

Internal Combustion Engine _______________ invented the internal combustion engine in 1858.

Automobile

It enabled people to go wherever they wanted whenever they wanted. • The automobile modernized the transportation industry entirely.

Relationships (nanosilver socks)

It is generally agreed that a decrease in foot odor improves relationships between individuals who are around each other. - But nanosilver socks may have different impacts on different groups of people in a community. - If disposal of the socks has a negative impact on the environment, then those who live near or downstream of waste facilities may suffer more negative health outcomes than those who live in more affluent areas.

Science and Technology

It makes difficult and complicated tasks easier • Developments in this field are not just products of one time thought process. • Brought about by gradual improvements to earlier works from different time periods.

medicine

One application of nanotechnology in medicine currently being developed involves employing nanoparticles to deliver drugs, heat, light or other substances to specific types of cells, such as cancer cells. - Particles are engineered so that they are attracted to diseased cells, which allow direct treatment of those cells. - This technique reduces damage to healthy cells in the body and allows for earlier detection of disease.

Fertilizers

Our attempts to feed an increasing population will leave clear indicators, too. • Levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in soils have doubled in the last century because of our increased use of fertilizers. • We produce 23.5 million tons of phosphorus a year. • Human activity had the biggest impact on the nitrogen cycle for 2.5 billion years.

Old stone age

Paleolithic Age also known as

t

Paleolithic humans learned to make their own shelters. • People constructed tents and huts of animal skins, brush, and wood. Archaeologists believe early humans produced fire by friction. • They learned that by rubbing two pieces of wood together, the wood became heated and charred. • They also discovered that a certain stone, iron pyrite, gave off sparks when struck against another rock • Fire provided warmth in cold caves. • Cooked food, they discovered, tasted better and was easier to chew and digest. • Meat that was smoked by fire could be stored.

t

Paleolithic people learned that by hitting flint with another hard stone, the flint would flake into pieces.

Thomas Eddison

Phonograph __________created the phonograph in 1877. • Prior to the creation of the phonograph the only option for entertainment was for live musicians or actors to perform. • This allowed people to listen to music anywhere.

Plastics

Plastics, initially developed in the 1900s, have grown rapidly since the 1950s, and we now produce 500 million tons a year. • Sediments containing plastics will be a clear sign of the Anthropocene.

Cleaning up organic chemicals polluting groundwater.

Potential applications that nanotechnology help in the environment 1. Researchers have shown that iron nanoparticles can be effective in cleaning up organic solvents that are polluting groundwater. - The iron nanoparticles disperse throughout the body of water and decompose the organic solvent in place. - This method can be more effective and cost significantly less than treatment methods that require the water to be pumped out of the ground.

Generating less pollution during the manufacture of materials.

Potential applications that nanotechnology help in the environment 2. Researchers have demonstrated that the use of silver nanoclusters as catalysts can significantly reduce the polluting by-products generated in the process used to manufacture propylene oxide. - Propylene oxide is used to produce common materials such as plastics, paint, detergents and brake fluid.

Increasing the electricity generated by windmills.

Potential applications that nanotechnology help in the environment 3. Epoxy containing carbon nanotubes is being used to make windmill blades. - The resulting blades are stronger and of lower weight and therefore, the amount of electricity generated by each windmill is greater.

Producing solar cells that generate electricity at a competitive cost.

Potential applications that nanotechnology help in the environment 4. Researchers have demonstrated that an array of silicon nanowires embedded in a polymer results in low-cost but high-efficiency solar cells. This may result in solar cells that generate electricity as cost effectively as coal or oil.

Electricity

The development of electricity as a source of power had been done by an international collection of scientists including Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Alessandro Volta of the University of Pavia, Italy, and Michael Faraday of Britain. • It was the latter who had demonstrated the nature of the elusive relationship between electricity and magnetism in 1831. • In particular, French, German, Belgian, and Swiss engineers evolved the most satisfactory forms of armature (the coil of wire) and produced the dynamo, which made the largescale generation of electricity commercially feasible.

Machine Tools

The first machine tools were invented during the industrial revolution. • These included the screw cutting lathe, cylinder boring machine and the milling machine. • Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible

Chemicals

The large-scale production of chemicals was an important development during the Industrial Revolution. Germany took world leadership in the chemical industry during the industrial industry. • Aspiring chemists flocked to German universities during the period

Mass extinction

The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species. • Mass extinctions sparked by massive global changes mark the anthropocene period. It is expected that three-quarters of species set to be wiped out in the coming centuries.

Rise of the Human Empire (Anthropocene)

The period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment.

Technology during the Neolithic Age

The polished stone tools were characteristic of Neolithic technology. • Neolithic people were skilled farmers

Fossil Fuels

The products of burning fossil fuels mark Anthropocene age. • Current rates of carbon emission are thought to be higher than at any time in the last 65 million years. • The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen sharply since 1850.

Iron making

The substitution of coal for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of iron production. • The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the mid-1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production.

Paul J. Crutzen

The term was widely popularized in 2000 by atmospheric chemist ___________, who regards the influence of human behavior on Earth's atmosphere in recent centuries as so significant as to constitute a new geological time

Neolithic Revolution

The wide-scale transition from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement

Nanosilver socks

one of the most widespread nanotechnology products available. - They are just like normal socks except that they have silver nanoparticles embedded in their threads. - The nanoparticles act as an antibiotic agent, killing bacteria and fungus on the wearer's feet. - This can help keep foot odor from occurring as well as provide protection against infection for people with circulation issues or compromised immune systems. - Researchers have shown that the silver nanoparticles can wash out of the socks over time, allowing the particles to enter the wastewater stream. - Scientists are still trying to determine the impact of nanoparticles on the wastewater treatment system and what happens after they leave the wastewater system.

Neolithic Society

people lived in small tribes composed of families. • The domestication of large animals resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality. • Headed by a charismatic leader of tribal groups. • The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. • Mud brick houses and stilt-houses settlements were also common

flint

people made devices from a hard stone called __________(hard, sedimentary crystalline form of the mineral quartz)

Paleolitic Age

people often moved around in search of food. • They were nomads or people who regularly move from place to place to survive. • They traveled in groups, or bands, of about 20 or 30 members. people survived by hunting and gathering.

Neolithic Revolution

period in the development of human technology (10,200 BC and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC) These settled communities permitted humans to observe and experiment with plants to learn how they grew and developed. • This new knowledge led to the domestication of plants.

Nanoparticles

pharmaceutical products improve their absorption within the body and make them easier to deliver, often through combination medical devices.