Practice Exam Bio 3

A molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction __________. A. loses electrons and becomes oxidized In cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized when it loses electrons in hydrogen atoms. Oxygen is reduced as it gains electrons in hydrogen atoms. B. gain electrons and becomes oxidized In cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized when it loses electrons in hydrogen atoms. Oxygen is reduced as it gains electrons in hydrogen atoms. C. loses proton and becomes oxidized In cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized when it loses electrons in hydrogen atoms. Oxygen is reduced as it gains electrons in hydrogen atoms. D. gain proton and becomes oxidized In cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized when it loses electrons in hydrogen atoms. Oxygen is reduced as it gains electrons in hydrogen atoms.

A

Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy. A. potential energy B. kinetic energy C. ATP energy D. neutral

A

During fermentation, __________ that was produced during glycolysis is converted back to __________. A. NADH; NAD+ B. NADH; ATP C. NAD+; NADH D. ATP; NADH

A

Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which pyruvate is reduced to form lactate or alcohol and carbon dioxide. This last step _____. A. enables the cell to recycle NAD+ B. enables the cell to recycle NADP C. enables the cell to recycle ATP D. enables the cell to recycle oxygen

A

In the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound? A. NAD+ B. ATP C. CO2 D. NADP+

A

In the overall process of glycolysis and cellular respiration, _____ is oxidized and _____ is reduced. A. glucose ... oxygen B. oxygen ... glucose C. starch ... oxygen D. oxygen ... starch

A

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? A. mitochondrion B. nucleus C. cell D. cell wall

A

Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway? A.Krebs cycle -> NADH -> electron transport chain -> oxygen

A

Molecular oxygen is produced during _____. A. light reactions of photosynthesis B. light reactions of kreb cycle C. light reactions of calvin cycle D. light reactions of ph reaction

A

Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Rotenone binds tightly with one of the electron carrier molecules in the electron transport chain, preventing electrons from passing to the next carrier molecule. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because A. they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP. B. they will still be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP. C. they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of glucose. D. they will still be able to produce adequate amounts of glucose.

A

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment A. is hypotonic to the protozoan. B. is hypertonic to the protozoan. C. is hydrophilic to the protozoan. D. is hydrophobic to the protozoan.

A

The lipids in a cell membrane are arranged _____. A. so that the nonpolar parts of two lipids point toward each other B. so that the polar parts of two lipids point toward each other C. so that the nonpolar parts of three lipids point toward each other D. so that the polar parts of two lipids point against each other

A

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of A. active transport B. in-active transport C. phagocytosis D. endocytosis

A

The synthesis of an amino acid follows this pathway: precursor A → intermediate B → amino acid C. Each reaction is catalyzed by a different enzyme. This metabolic pathway is controlled by feedback inhibition with amino acid C inhibiting the conversion of precursor A to intermediate B. Amino acid C acts as a _____ of the first enzyme in the pathway. A. noncompetitive inhibitor B. competitive inhibitor C. hydrogenated inhibitor D. non-hydrogenated inhibitor

A

The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound is called A. phosphorylation B. photosynthesis C. light reactions D. chemical reaction

A

What controls the direction of a molecule, such as oxygen, involved in passive transport? A. the direction of the molecule's concentration gradient B. the direction of the cell's concentration gradient C. the direction of the bilipid's concentration gradient D. the direction of the oxygen's concentration gradient

A

When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which which are ultimately replaced by _____. A. splitting water B. oxygen C. nitrogen D. carbon

A

When protein molecules are used as fuel for cellular respiration, _____ are produced as waste. A. amino group B. amino acid C. lipid D. oxygen

A

Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells? A. mitochondrion B. nucleus C. cellulose D. cell wall

A

Which characteristic promoted the utilization of lipids as the first cell membrane? A. self-assembly into a simple membrane B. not self-assembly into a simple membrane C. self-assembly into a simple large membrane D. not self-assembly into a simple large membrane

A

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of active transport and facilitated diffusion? A. active transport moves solutes against their concentration gradient; facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient. B. active transport moves solution against their concentration gradient; facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient. C. active transport moves solutes toward their concentration gradient; facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient. D. active transport moves solution toward their concentration gradient; facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient.

A

Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration? A. heat, carbon dioxide, and water B. heat, carbon monoxide, and water C. ATP, carbon dioxide, and water D. heat, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

A

Which of these statements describes what occurs in facilitated diffusion? A. Facilitated diffusion of solutes occurs through protein pores in the membrane. B. Facilitated diffusion of solutes occurs through protein pores in the cell. C. Facilitated diffusion of solutes occurs through protein pores in the nucleus. D. Facilitated diffusion of solutes occurs through protein pores in the mitochondria.

A

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain Glycolysis produces pyruvic acid, which enters the mitochondrion. There, it is converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. Electron carriers bring electrons from the first three steps to the electron transport chain, and ATP is made.

A

through facilitated diffusion or diffusion. Water can cross the plasma membrane through the process of facilitated diffusion. However, water molecules can also cross the lipid bilayer directly. A. Water crosses the plasma membrane B. Oxygen crosses the plasma membrane C. Nitrogen crosses the plasma membrane D. Carbon crosses the plasma membrane

A

Which of the following statements is true of fermentation? It produces a net gain of ATP

ATP

Cells A and B are the same size and shape, but cell A is metabolically quiet and cell B is actively consuming oxygen. Oxygen will diffuse more quickly into cell _____ because _____. A. A ... the diffusion gradient there is steeper As long as a metabolically active cell consumes oxygen as it enters, diffusion into the cell will continue because the concentration gradient favors movement in that direction. B. B ... the diffusion gradient there is steeper As long as a metabolically active cell consumes oxygen as it enters, diffusion into the cell will continue because the concentration gradient favors movement in that direction. C. B ... the osmosis gradient there is steeper As long as a metabolically active cell consumes oxygen as it enters, diffusion into the cell will continue because the concentration gradient favors movement in that direction. D. A ... the osmosis gradient there is steeper As long as a metabolically active cell consumes oxygen as it enters, diffusion into the cell will continue because the concentration gradient favors movement in that direction.

B

Cells store energy that they use for work in the _____. A. arrangement of nucleus within molecules B. arrangement of atoms within molecules C. arrangement of ATP within molecules D. arrangement of CO2 within molecules

B

During aerobic respiration, a proton gradient will be generated by ______ and used primarily for _________. A. the proton transport chain... ATP synthesis B. the electron transport chain... ATP synthesis C. the neutron transport chain... ATP synthesis D. the chemical transport chain... ATP synthesis

B

During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is partially oxidized. What is the net gain of ATP and NADH for each glucose molecule during this chemical pathway? A. 1 ATP and 1 NADH B. 2 ATP and 2 NADH C. 2 ATP and 2 NADH- D. 1 ATP and 2 NADH

B

How do glucagon and insulin differ? A. Insulin causes some membrane cells to take up glucose, whereas glucagon causes some cells to secrete glucose. B. Insulin causes some cells to take up glucose, whereas glucagon causes some cells to secrete glucose. C. Insulin causes some cells to secrete glucose, whereas glucagon causes some cells to take up glucose. D. Insulin causes some cells to take up glycogen, whereas glucagon causes some cells to secrete glygcogen.

B

The antibiotic oligomycin works by inhibiting ATP synthase. You would expect that A. H+ will accumulate in the nucleus space. B. H+ will accumulate in the intermembrane space. C. H+ will accumulate in the membrane space. D. H+ will not accumulate in the nucleus space.

B

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of A. diverse lipids embedded in a phospholipid bilayer. B. diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer. C. diverse glucose embedded in a phospholipid bilayer. D. diverse carbon embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.

B

The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in ____. The light reactions also produce ____ and ____. A. ATP ... NADPH ... oxygen B. NADPH ... ATP ... oxygen C. NADPH ... oxygen ... ATP D. NADP+ ... ATP ... oxygen

B

The mechanism of enzyme action is to _____. A. increase the energy of the activation of a reaction B. lower the energy of the activation of a reaction C. lower the oxygen of the activation of a reaction D. increase the energy of the activation of a reaction

B

When a car engine burns gasoline, the results of the reaction are similar to when cells burn glucose. Both reactions release carbon dioxide and water. In cells, the chemical energy in food is converted to ATP and heat. In a moving car, the chemical energy in gasoline is converted to _____. A. potential energy and heat B. kinetic energy and heat C. NADP and heat D. NADPH and heat

B

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis? A. conversion of glucose to two two-carbon compounds B. conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds C. conversion of starch to two three-carbon compounds D. conversion of starch to two two-carbon compounds

B

Which of the following options lists the sequence of events in the cell-signaling process in the correct order? A.reception, response, signal transduction B.reception, signal transduction, response C.response, signal transduction, reception D. signal transduction, reception, response

B

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized? A. anaerobic respiration B. aerobic respiration C. aerobic regeneration D. anaerobic regeneration

B

"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____. A. energy can be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another B. energy cannot be destroyed but can be converted from one form to another C. energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another D. energy cannot be created but can be converted from one form to another

C

A group of single cell organisms collected from the ocean was brought into the lab for examination. The lab assistant was concerned that the water had become full of toxic waste products and so added clean water to the culture. All of the organisms died, and when she looked at them under the microscope, all she could see were bits and pieces of them scattered throughout the water. What likely happened? A. She added water that was hypertonic to the culture of organisms, and they ruptured. B. She added water that was hydrophobic to the culture of organisms, and they ruptured. C. She added water that was hypotonic to the culture of organisms, and they ruptured. D. She added water that was hydrophilic to the culture of organisms, and they ruptured.

C

Consider the figure below. __________ is to a mitochondrion as __________ is to a chloroplast. A. O2...NADP B. CO2...O2 C. O2...CO2 D. NADP...O2

C

During photosynthesis in chloroplasts, O2 is produced from ______ via a series of reactions associated with ______. A. O2 ... photosystem II B. O2 ... photosystem I C. H2O ... photosystem II D. H2O ... photosystem I

C

How many ATP molecules are produced from the complete oxidation of a mole of glucose in cellular respiration? A. 7 B. 12 C. 36 D. 35

C

How many molecules of ATP are gained by substrate-level phosphorylation from the complete breakdown of a single molecule of glucose in the presence of oxygen? A. 6 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3

C

In cellular respiration, glucose _____ electrons, whereas _____ electrons. A. loses ...nitrogen gains B. gains ... oxygen gains C. loses ... oxygen gains D. gains... nitrogen gains

C

In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP? A. cellular duplication B. cellular transcription C. cellular respiration D. cellular division

C

The concentration of solutes in a red blood cell is about 2%. Sucrose cannot pass through the membrane, but water and urea can. Osmosis would cause red blood cells to shrink the most when immersed in which of the following solutions? A. a hydrophylic sucrose solution B. a hydrophobic sucrose solution C. a hypertonic sucrose solution D. a hypotonic sucrose solution

C

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of A. difussion B. osmosis C. endocytosis. D. phagocytosis

C

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? A. photosynthesis B. glycolisis C. osmosis D. diffusion

C

Which statement describes glycolysis? A. This process splits chloroplast in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. B. This process splits glucose in half and produces 4 ATPs for each glucose. C. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. D.This process splits glucose in half and produces 1 ATPs for each glucose.

C

molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient. A. active transport B. carbon transport C. inactive transport D. oxygen transport

C

A molecule becomes more oxidized when it _____. A. lose ATP B. lose neutron C. lose proton D. lose electron

D

A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of A. non-facilitated osmosis B. non-facilitated diffusion C. facilitated osmosis D. facilitated diffusion

D

A muscle cell deprived of molecular oxygen will convert glucose to lactic acid to __________. A. recycle NADH+ through fermentation B. recycle NAD+ through fermentation C. recycle ATP through fermentation D. recycle NADH through fermentation

D

As shown below, an electron carrier, such as __________, acts as an energy-storage molecule when it is __________. A. NADHP ... reduced B. ATP ... reduced C. O2 ... reduced D. NADH ... reduced

D

Because water-soluble hormones are unable to pass through the plasma membrane, the cellular action they initiate results from _____. A. the activation of a communication pathway B. the activation of a hormone pathway C. the activation of a signal transdiction pathway D. the activation of a signal transduction pathway

D

Cells A and B are the same size and shape, but cell A is metabolically quiet and cell B is actively consuming oxygen. Oxygen will diffuse more quickly into cell _____ because _____. A. B ... the diffusion gradient there is deeper B. B ... the diffusion gradient there is narrow C. B ... the diffusion gradient there is wider D. B ... the diffusion gradient there is steeper

D

Cellular respiration Formula A. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP+ B. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + NADPH C. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + NADP D. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

D

In fermentation, ________ is ________. A. NADH; carbonized B. NADH; release C. NADH; stored D. NADH; oxidized

D

Light is _____ energy, which is converted by plants into molecules, which possess _____ energy. A. potential ... chemical B. hydrogen... chemical C. mechanial ... chemical D. kinetic ... chemical

D

Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to _______ and in this step gain ______. A. lactate.... O2 B. lactate.... ATP C. lactate.... NADP D. lactate.... NAD+

D

Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids A. easily pass through a mitochondria's lipid bilayer. B. easily pass through a cell's lipid bilayer. C. not easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer. D. easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer.

D

Where do the electrons needed by photosystem II originate? A. glucose B. nitrogen C. oxygen D. water

D

Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain? A. Protons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step. B. Neutrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step. C. Atom pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step. D. Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.

D

ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced by ___.

KREBS CYCLE

Which of the following correctly matches each of the inputs of the Calvin cycle with its role in the cycle?

carbon dioxide: carbon ... ATP: energy ... NADPH: high-energy electrons

Light reactions do all of the following except _____. reduce CO2

reduce CO2

Which of the following is not a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? sugar

sugar

A photon of which of these colors would carry the most energy? A. blue B. red C. orange D. violet

A

In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is A. nitrogen B. oxygen C. carbon D. hydrogen

B