practice exam for final (gen psych) van scoy
Spearman's g factor refers to
a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks
When Murli told his therapists, "I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded, "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of
active listening
Exhibiting empathy when interacting with a client is a major goal of a
client-centered therapist
The release of stress hormones
decreases immune system activity
Howard Gardner identified a total of ___________ intelligences.
eight
Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to
exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal
a central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is
free association
An overwhelming desire for harmony in a decision-making group increases the probability of
groupthink
Deindividuation refers to
loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members is called
prejudice
Prototype is to category as _______ is to ________.
rose;flower
Mr. Ignatenko thinks that most unemployed people are to blame for their own misfortune.
the just-world phenomenon
The text defines stress as
the process by which we perceive and respond to environmental threats and challenges
In what way do people with obsessive-compulsive disorder have abnormal memory?
their memory is normal but they have low confidence in their memory
Which theory supports the following: people with weak physiological responses still identify emotional situations cognitively, but they have little emotional feeling
James-Lang theory (chapter 12)
Cassandra's mother told her, "you know you are in love when your hear beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside". This remark best illustrates the _________ theory of emotion.
James-Lange (physiological response triggers an emotion)
The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate symptoms of
PTSD
which of the following persons best illustrates Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence?
Shelly, a newspaper reporter who has established a large network of information sources
The occurrence that a student that does well in one class will generally do well in other supports who's theory on intelligence
Spearman
According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are __________ and _________.
a cognitive label, physical arousal
Researchers observed that most university students failed to help a person having an epileptic seizure when they thought there were four other witnesses to the emergency. The students' failure to help is best explained in term of
a diffusion of responsibility
Current estimate are that __________ percent of the total variation among intelligence scores can be attributed to genetic factors.
about 50
An important feature of client-centered therapy is
active listening
The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they
are more willing to help others
Systematic desensitization involves
associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli
In treating alcohol dependency, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as
aversive conditioning
During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to
be overactive
psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients
become aware of their repressed conflicts, impulses, and feelings
Altruism is best described as
behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others
Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of
behavior therapy
which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with providing special insights into why the symptoms developed?
behavior therapy
According the Bandura reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among
behaviors, internal personal factors, and environmental events
The three components of prejudice are
beliefs, negative emotions, and discrimination
According to psychoanalysis, resistance refers to the
blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy
most young children are fearful of bees, even though they have never been stung by one. This best illustrates that fear
can be learned through observation
Myers and Jeeves discuss the concept of "Spiritual Intelligence"
capacity for the transcendence, ability to experience heightened state of consciousness, ability to utilize spiritual resources to solve problems
a psychotherapist suggests that Theresa can effectively reduce the anger she feels towards her ex-boyfriend by tearing up pictures of him into little pieces. This therapeutic technique is based on the
catharsis hypothesis (physical action)
which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating?
cognition
The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most clearly central to
cognitive therapies
which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often distressed because of their negative thinking about events?
cognitive therapy
An integrated therapy that aims to modify both thinking and actions is known as
cognitive-behavior therapy
Negative Religious Coping is defined as coping strategies which
come from a less confident belief in God
The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is know is
compassionate love
Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called
conformity
Mr. Hunt believes that he is the president of the United States and the he will soon become the "King of the Universe." Mr. Hunt is most clearly suffering from
delusions
refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as
denial
Internal, stable, and global explanations of one's own failures are indicative of
depression
Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is
deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional
While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of
displacement
according to Frued, defense mechanisms are used by the
ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized
To alleviate the stress he feels after failing a college course, Jeremy seeks social support from his friends and family. Jeremy's behavior best illustrates
emotion-focused coping
Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of
emotional intelligence
Reported racial gaps in average intelligence scores are most likely attributable to
environmental factors
Orville thinks his girlfriend derives more benefits from their relationship than he does, even though he contributes more to the relationship. Orville most clearly believes that their relationship lacks
equity
The basic components of emotion are
expressive behaviors, physiological arousal, and conscious experience
The Big Five personality factors are
extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism
The current version of the DSM consists of reports of observable behaviors in order to
facilitate the reliability of diagnoses.
__________Intelligence is the power of reasoning and using information while, __________Intelligence is acquired knowledge and the ability to use that knowledge
fluid, crystalized
What is NOT a way to happiness according to Myers and Jeeves?
focusing on youself
a $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of
framing
Marlene forgot to bring a pillow on the camping trip, so she spent a very uncomfortable and restless night. Unfortunately, she never thought of using her down-filled jacket as a pillow.
functional fixedness
Aptitude tests are to __________ as achievement tests are to _____________.
future performance, current competence
The Flynn effect supports which of the following statements
generation overall IQ scores have risen
Nora, Ko, Ian and May each think that Ms. Akey may be slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. This episode provides an example of
group polarization
Myers and Jeeves discuss how religious beliefs and practices are related to
higher self esteem
Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are
hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship
What is not a physical effect of stress?
inability to maintain healthy diet
Accepting others' opinions about reality is to _________ as the desire to gain approval is to ____________.
informational social influence; normative social influence
six-year-of Ezra believes that boys are better than girls, while 5-year-old Arlette believes girls are better than boys. Their beliefs most clearly illustrate
ingroup bias
Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their
interpersonal relationships
What is a common criticism of DSM
it labels some nearly normal conditions as mental illness
Which of the following is a benefit of being religious according to Myers and Jeeves?
less loneliness
For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from
major depressive disorder
What is a way that Myers and Jeeves say that we can find happiness?
make close relationships a priority
Cognitive therapists work to correct errors in thinking such as
making over-generalizations, jumping to conclusions, all or nothing thinking
Males are most likely to outnumber females in a class designed for high school students highly gifted in
math problem solving
Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)
mental ability to learn from experience
Panic disorders ad other anxiety disorders are more common than average for what kind of people?
more common in women than men
Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ______ as repeatedly washing your hands is to__________.
obsession; compulsion
Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of
panic disorder
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking. feeling and acting is his or her
personality
According to Freud, boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the _________ stage.
phallic
our first impressions of those we met are most likely to be determined by their
physical appearance
To alleviate the stress of losing her job, Alicia enrolled in a work retaining program that led to full-time employment. Alicia's behavior best illustrates
problem-focused coping
Nate's past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a
psychodynamic therapist
Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she. Recently, she refused his offer to prepare dinner because, said she, "You could better spend the time playing with our kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates:
rationalization
Two social norms that influence altruistic behavior are
reciprocity and social responsibility
During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as
resistance
Ever since he lost his job because he was constantly late for work, Richard has become increasingly hostile toward the "government bureaucrats who are leading the country toward bankruptcy." Richard increasing prejudice is best explained in terms of
scapegoat theory
Embarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride are grouped as what category of emotion
self-conscious
Jin is searching for a sense of purpose in life that goes beyond fulfilling her own potential for growth and self-actualization. According to Maslow, Jin is striving for
self-transcendence
Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. This best illustrates
social facilitation
Which branch of psychology is most recently concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?
social psychology
After Miguel's recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely Miguel will have difficulty
speaking fluently
Jim, age 55, plays basketball with much younger adults and is concerned that his teammates might consider his age to be a detriment to their game outcome. His concern actually undermines his athletic performance. This best illustrates the impact of
stereotype threat
Wernicke's area is typically located in the left _________ lobe.
temporal
Based on findings from Milgram's obedience studies, people are more likely follow an authority figure's orders when
the authority is near by, the victim is depersonalized or distanced, there are no models for defiance
Mrs. Pinheiro fell on a busy city sidewalk and broke her leg. Although hundreds of pedestrians saw her lying on the ground, most failed to recognize that she was in need of medical assistance. Their oversight best illustrates one of the dynamics involved in
the bystander effect
Professor Jones is a member of the faculty committee on academic standards. He personally disagrees with the other committee members' proposed plan to begin accepting students with below-average grades. Professor Jones is most likely to vote in favor of their plan if
the other committee members are unanimous in their opinion
Miss Jan De Jong is orderly, neat, fairly quiet, and shy. She enjoys reading in her spare time and belongs to social club that includes three librarians, nine real estate agents, and eight social workers. A tendency to conclude that Jan must be one of the three librarians would illustrate the powerful influence of
the representativeness heuristc
Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for the development of
the superego
Spiritual Intelligence can be defined as
the use of spirituality to facilitate problem solving and goal attainment
Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that
there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
Mr. Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring, and helpful. A psychoanalyst would most likely consider Mr. Phillip's hostility to an example of
transference
carl rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgemental attitude as
unconditional positive regard
the overconfidence phenomenon refers to the tendency to
underestimate the extent to which our beliefs and judgements and inaccurate
Why is the ability to recognize the facial expression of emotions not good evidence for the idea of basic emotions?
we also recognize facial expression of other states that we don't regard as emotions (388)
An example of a Positive Religious Coping strategy is
working together with God to relieve your stress