practice exam for final (gen psych) van scoy

Spearman's g factor refers to

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks

When Murli told his therapists, "I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded, "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of

active listening

Exhibiting empathy when interacting with a client is a major goal of a

client-centered therapist

The release of stress hormones

decreases immune system activity

Howard Gardner identified a total of ___________ intelligences.

eight

Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to

exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal

a central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is

free association

An overwhelming desire for harmony in a decision-making group increases the probability of

groupthink

Deindividuation refers to

loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members is called

prejudice

Prototype is to category as _______ is to ________.

rose;flower

Mr. Ignatenko thinks that most unemployed people are to blame for their own misfortune.

the just-world phenomenon

The text defines stress as

the process by which we perceive and respond to environmental threats and challenges

In what way do people with obsessive-compulsive disorder have abnormal memory?

their memory is normal but they have low confidence in their memory

Which theory supports the following: people with weak physiological responses still identify emotional situations cognitively, but they have little emotional feeling

James-Lang theory (chapter 12)

Cassandra's mother told her, "you know you are in love when your hear beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside". This remark best illustrates the _________ theory of emotion.

James-Lange (physiological response triggers an emotion)

The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate symptoms of

PTSD

which of the following persons best illustrates Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence?

Shelly, a newspaper reporter who has established a large network of information sources

The occurrence that a student that does well in one class will generally do well in other supports who's theory on intelligence

Spearman

According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are __________ and _________.

a cognitive label, physical arousal

Researchers observed that most university students failed to help a person having an epileptic seizure when they thought there were four other witnesses to the emergency. The students' failure to help is best explained in term of

a diffusion of responsibility

Current estimate are that __________ percent of the total variation among intelligence scores can be attributed to genetic factors.

about 50

An important feature of client-centered therapy is

active listening

The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they

are more willing to help others

Systematic desensitization involves

associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli

In treating alcohol dependency, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as

aversive conditioning

During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to

be overactive

psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients

become aware of their repressed conflicts, impulses, and feelings

Altruism is best described as

behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of

behavior therapy

which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with providing special insights into why the symptoms developed?

behavior therapy

According the Bandura reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among

behaviors, internal personal factors, and environmental events

The three components of prejudice are

beliefs, negative emotions, and discrimination

According to psychoanalysis, resistance refers to the

blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy

most young children are fearful of bees, even though they have never been stung by one. This best illustrates that fear

can be learned through observation

Myers and Jeeves discuss the concept of "Spiritual Intelligence"

capacity for the transcendence, ability to experience heightened state of consciousness, ability to utilize spiritual resources to solve problems

a psychotherapist suggests that Theresa can effectively reduce the anger she feels towards her ex-boyfriend by tearing up pictures of him into little pieces. This therapeutic technique is based on the

catharsis hypothesis (physical action)

which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating?

cognition

The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most clearly central to

cognitive therapies

which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often distressed because of their negative thinking about events?

cognitive therapy

An integrated therapy that aims to modify both thinking and actions is known as

cognitive-behavior therapy

Negative Religious Coping is defined as coping strategies which

come from a less confident belief in God

The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is know is

compassionate love

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called

conformity

Mr. Hunt believes that he is the president of the United States and the he will soon become the "King of the Universe." Mr. Hunt is most clearly suffering from

delusions

refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as

denial

Internal, stable, and global explanations of one's own failures are indicative of

depression

Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of

displacement

according to Frued, defense mechanisms are used by the

ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized

To alleviate the stress he feels after failing a college course, Jeremy seeks social support from his friends and family. Jeremy's behavior best illustrates

emotion-focused coping

Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of

emotional intelligence

Reported racial gaps in average intelligence scores are most likely attributable to

environmental factors

Orville thinks his girlfriend derives more benefits from their relationship than he does, even though he contributes more to the relationship. Orville most clearly believes that their relationship lacks

equity

The basic components of emotion are

expressive behaviors, physiological arousal, and conscious experience

The Big Five personality factors are

extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism

The current version of the DSM consists of reports of observable behaviors in order to

facilitate the reliability of diagnoses.

__________Intelligence is the power of reasoning and using information while, __________Intelligence is acquired knowledge and the ability to use that knowledge

fluid, crystalized

What is NOT a way to happiness according to Myers and Jeeves?

focusing on youself

a $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of

framing

Marlene forgot to bring a pillow on the camping trip, so she spent a very uncomfortable and restless night. Unfortunately, she never thought of using her down-filled jacket as a pillow.

functional fixedness

Aptitude tests are to __________ as achievement tests are to _____________.

future performance, current competence

The Flynn effect supports which of the following statements

generation overall IQ scores have risen

Nora, Ko, Ian and May each think that Ms. Akey may be slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. This episode provides an example of

group polarization

Myers and Jeeves discuss how religious beliefs and practices are related to

higher self esteem

Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are

hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship

What is not a physical effect of stress?

inability to maintain healthy diet

Accepting others' opinions about reality is to _________ as the desire to gain approval is to ____________.

informational social influence; normative social influence

six-year-of Ezra believes that boys are better than girls, while 5-year-old Arlette believes girls are better than boys. Their beliefs most clearly illustrate

ingroup bias

Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their

interpersonal relationships

What is a common criticism of DSM

it labels some nearly normal conditions as mental illness

Which of the following is a benefit of being religious according to Myers and Jeeves?

less loneliness

For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from

major depressive disorder

What is a way that Myers and Jeeves say that we can find happiness?

make close relationships a priority

Cognitive therapists work to correct errors in thinking such as

making over-generalizations, jumping to conclusions, all or nothing thinking

Males are most likely to outnumber females in a class designed for high school students highly gifted in

math problem solving

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)

mental ability to learn from experience

Panic disorders ad other anxiety disorders are more common than average for what kind of people?

more common in women than men

Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ______ as repeatedly washing your hands is to__________.

obsession; compulsion

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of

panic disorder

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking. feeling and acting is his or her

personality

According to Freud, boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the _________ stage.

phallic

our first impressions of those we met are most likely to be determined by their

physical appearance

To alleviate the stress of losing her job, Alicia enrolled in a work retaining program that led to full-time employment. Alicia's behavior best illustrates

problem-focused coping

Nate's past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a

psychodynamic therapist

Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she. Recently, she refused his offer to prepare dinner because, said she, "You could better spend the time playing with our kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates:

rationalization

Two social norms that influence altruistic behavior are

reciprocity and social responsibility

During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as

resistance

Ever since he lost his job because he was constantly late for work, Richard has become increasingly hostile toward the "government bureaucrats who are leading the country toward bankruptcy." Richard increasing prejudice is best explained in terms of

scapegoat theory

Embarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride are grouped as what category of emotion

self-conscious

Jin is searching for a sense of purpose in life that goes beyond fulfilling her own potential for growth and self-actualization. According to Maslow, Jin is striving for

self-transcendence

Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. This best illustrates

social facilitation

Which branch of psychology is most recently concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?

social psychology

After Miguel's recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely Miguel will have difficulty

speaking fluently

Jim, age 55, plays basketball with much younger adults and is concerned that his teammates might consider his age to be a detriment to their game outcome. His concern actually undermines his athletic performance. This best illustrates the impact of

stereotype threat

Wernicke's area is typically located in the left _________ lobe.

temporal

Based on findings from Milgram's obedience studies, people are more likely follow an authority figure's orders when

the authority is near by, the victim is depersonalized or distanced, there are no models for defiance

Mrs. Pinheiro fell on a busy city sidewalk and broke her leg. Although hundreds of pedestrians saw her lying on the ground, most failed to recognize that she was in need of medical assistance. Their oversight best illustrates one of the dynamics involved in

the bystander effect

Professor Jones is a member of the faculty committee on academic standards. He personally disagrees with the other committee members' proposed plan to begin accepting students with below-average grades. Professor Jones is most likely to vote in favor of their plan if

the other committee members are unanimous in their opinion

Miss Jan De Jong is orderly, neat, fairly quiet, and shy. She enjoys reading in her spare time and belongs to social club that includes three librarians, nine real estate agents, and eight social workers. A tendency to conclude that Jan must be one of the three librarians would illustrate the powerful influence of

the representativeness heuristc

Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for the development of

the superego

Spiritual Intelligence can be defined as

the use of spirituality to facilitate problem solving and goal attainment

Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that

there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia

Mr. Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring, and helpful. A psychoanalyst would most likely consider Mr. Phillip's hostility to an example of

transference

carl rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgemental attitude as

unconditional positive regard

the overconfidence phenomenon refers to the tendency to

underestimate the extent to which our beliefs and judgements and inaccurate

Why is the ability to recognize the facial expression of emotions not good evidence for the idea of basic emotions?

we also recognize facial expression of other states that we don't regard as emotions (388)

An example of a Positive Religious Coping strategy is

working together with God to relieve your stress