A&P I Chapter 2

The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is A. 64. B. 8. C. 24. D. 16.

16

The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of A. 4 electrons. B. 1 electron. C. 8 electrons. D. 2 electrons.

2 electrons.

A triglyceride consists of A. 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol. B. 3 glycerols and 1 fatty acid. C. 3 glucose molecules. D. 3 amino acids.

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

Carbon can form ___ covalent bonds. A. 1 B. 4 C. 2 D. 16

4

Which of the following substances account for more than 95% of the human body? A. Carbon, calcium, nitrogen, hydrogen B. Calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen C. Carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen D. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Which of these is not a monosaccharide? A. 5-carbon sugar B. Ribose C. Glycogen D. 6-carbon sugar

Glycogen

Which of the following substances is an element? A. Iron B. Salt C. Water D. Glucose

Iron

Which of the following compounds is not hydrophilic? A. Water B. Nucleic Acids C. Proteins D. Lipids

Lipids

The four most abundant elements in the human body are A. O, C, H, and N. B. Na, Mg, P, and K. C. N, H, Mg, and K. D. Ca, C, O, and Na.

O, C, H, and N.

Which of the following is not organic? A. Enzymes B. Nucleic acids C. Oxygen D. Lipids

Oxygen

Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates? A. all of the above B. They provide much of the energy that the cell requires. C. They often are stored as reserve energy supplies. D. They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms.

all of the above

Which of the following molecules does not have a polar region? A. Triglycerides B. Kryptonite C. Glucose D. Water

Triglycerides

Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because A. chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients. B. drugs are chemicals. C. we eat chemicals. D. all of the above.

all of the above

Lipids A. include phospholipids, cholesterol, and fats. B. are insoluble in water. C. all of the above D. are organic.

all of the above

Proteins A. are chemical messengers. B. contain C, H, O, and N, and sometimes sulfur. C. can function as enzymes. D. all of the above

all of the above

Biochemistry is the study of A. the origin of life. B.energy transfer in non-living matter. C. how organisms relate to their environment. D. chemical reactions in organisms.

chemical reactions in organisms.

An example of a biomarker is A. cholesterol. B. hydrogen. C. any DNA sequence. D. sodium chloride.

cholesterol

Exposure to ionizing radiation may none of the above. A. cloud the lens of the eye. B. cause a woman to conceive twins. C. cause a urinary tract infection. D. cause diabetes.

cloud the lens of the eye.

Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for A. digestion of food products. B. release of energy. C. neutralization of acids by buffers. D. growth of body parts.

growth of body parts.

A simple carbohydrate A. consists of several joined chains. B. has only one nucleotide. C. is a building block of protein. D. has a molecular formula of C6H12O6.

has a molecular formula of C6H12O6.

Saturated fats ___ than unsaturated fats. A. taste better B. have more single carbon-carbon bonds C. are more soluble in water D. are heavier

have more single carbon-carbon bonds

The unique, three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule is determined largely by A. hydrogen bonds. B. stocks and bonds. C. oxygen bonds. D. covalent bonds.

hydrogen bonds.

The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is A. iodine-141. B. cobalt-60. C. carbon-14. D. thallium-201.

iodine-141.

Electrolytes are substances that A. can electrocute someone. B. ionize when dissolved in water. C. are not found in the human body in any appreciable amounts. D. form covalent bonds with water.

ionize when dissolved in water.

The informational content of DNA and RNA is in the nitrogenous bases because A. the sugars and phosphates vary too much. B. they contain nitrogen. C. nitrogen comes in several different forms. D. the bases are of several types and therefore can form a sequence.

the bases are of several types and therefore can form a sequence.

A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by A. A + B → C + D. B. A + B → AB. C. AB → A + B. D. C + D → AB.

AB → A + B

Which of the following is not a source of ionizing radiation? A. Cosmic rays from outer space B. Cholesterol and triglycerides C. TV components D. Atomic and nuclear weapons

Cholesterol and triglycerides

Which of the following is a form of ionizing radiation? A. Cosmic radiation B. Neither cosmic nor gamma radiation C. Gamma radiation D. Cosmic radiation and gamma radiation

Cosmic radiation and gamma radiation

DNA and RNA differ in that A. RNA is double-stranded and DNA is single-stranded. B. DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein C. RNA holds genetic information and DNA uses that information to synthesize protein D. DNA is found in males and RNA is found in females.

DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein

Nucleic acids include A. proteins and DNA. B. enzymes and RNA. C. vitamins and minerals. D. RNA and DNA.

RNA and DNA

Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life? A. Iodine-131 B. Phosphorus-32. C. Iron-59. D. Radium-226.

Radium-226.

Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in cells? A. Carbohydrate B. Water C. Lipid D. Protein

Water

A biomarker is A. a gene that encodes a particular protein. B. a book mark that one uses when studying from a biology textbook. C. a body chemical associated with a particular disease or exposure to a toxin. D. always a protein.

a body chemical associated with a particular disease or exposure to a toxin.

The formula H2O means A. a molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. B. a molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. C. an atom contains one hydrogen molecule and two oxygen molecules. D. a molecule contains one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms.

a molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are A. electrons. B. catalysts C. acids D. bases.

acids

A biomarker test for cancer should ideally be A. sensitive. B. easy to perform. C.specific. D. all of the above.

all of the above

On the pH scale A. all of the above. B. a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration separates each whole number C. the lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration. D. pH values below 7 are acidic. pH values above 7 are basic.

all of the above.

An acid reacting with a base is A. an explosive event. B. a decomposition reaction. C. a synthesis reaction. D. an exchange reaction.

an exchange reaction.

In a covalent bond A. atoms share pairs of electrons. B. one atom shares and another atom gains electrons. C. oppositely charged atoms repel. D. oppositely charged atoms attract.

atoms share pairs of electrons.

An organic compound contains A. nitrogen and hydrogen. B. carbon and hydrogen. C. carbon and oxygen. D. water and a salt.

carbon and hydrogen

Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of A.molecules. B. anions. C. salts. D. cations.

cations

Nucleic acids are A. very small, simple molecules. B. composed of building blocks called nucleotides. C. sources of cellular energy. D. structural molecules that do not have a function other than support.

composed of building blocks called nucleotides.

The pH scale measures the A. number of hydroxyl ions in water. B. concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. C. number of molecules of salts dissolved in water. D. number of water molecules in solution.

concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.

Organic molecules ___, whereas inorganic molecules ___. A. are small; are very large B. contain carbon; do not contain carbon C. are sprinkled on organically-grown foods; are removed from foods D. do not contain carbon; do contain carbon

contain carbon; do not contain carbon

Table sugar breaking down into glucose and fructose is a(n) ___ reaction. A. decomposition B. synthesis C. hydrolysis D. exchange reaction

decomposition

The atoms of two types of elements are likely to have A. different sizes and different weights. B. the same size and same weight. C. the same size but different weights. D. different sizes but the same weight

different sizes and different weights.

Water causes ionically-bonded molecules to A. explode. B. dissociate. C. denature. D. degrade.

dissociate

Matter is composed of ___, which are composed of ___. A. atoms; cells B. elements; atoms C. chemicals; molecules D. atoms; molecules

elements; atoms

A chemical reaction in which pairs of different molecules trade positions is a(n) A. synthesis reaction. B. psychotic reaction. C. exchange reaction. D. decomposition reaction.

exchange reaction.

When cations and anions meet they A. form a 3-D structure. B. form cells. C. repel. D. form electrolytes.

form a 3-D structure

An atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will A. gain 5 electrons in its second shell. B. lose 3 electrons from its second shell. C. lose all of the electrons from its first and second shells. D. gain 2 electrons in its second shell.

lose 3 electrons from its second shell.

A complete atom is electrically neutral because the number of A. positively charged protons and neutral neutrons are equal. B. negative electrons and positive protons are equal. C. electrons is greater than the number of protons and neutrons combined. D. negatively charged electrons and neutral neutrons are equal.

negative electrons and positive protons are equal.

A solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions is A. alkaline. B. acidic. C. neutral. D. basic.

neutral

The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of A. nuclei. B. protons. C. electrons. D. neutrons.

neutrons

The type of organic molecule that can replicate is a A. lipid. B. nucleic acid. C. carbohydrate. D. protein.

nucleic acid.

PET imaging follows the emission of A. neutrons. B. positrons. C. electrons. D. protons.

positrons

In phenylketonuria, an individual cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. Molecules that include phenylalanine build up in the blood, which causes mental retardation and other symptoms. This inherited disease can be controlled by following a diet that is very low in A. lipids. B. protein. C. nucleic acids. D. carbohydrates.

protein

An enzyme is a ___. A. protein that functions as a hormone B. fat that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted C. protein that inhibits chemical reactions by being changed or depleted D. protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted

protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted

Atomic number equals the number of ___ and atomic weight equals the ___. A. atoms in an element; weight of all the atoms B. protons in the nucleus; weight of all the electrons C. neutrons in the nucleus; number of protons plus electrons D. protons; number of protons plus neutrons

protons; number of protons plus neutrons

Atomic radiation is useful for treating cancer because A. chemicals in normal cells are not affected by radiation. B. radiation affects cancer cells but not normal cells. C. radiation protects normal cells against the effects of cancer. D. radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells

radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells

In the body, oxygen A. is used in various metabolic processes. B. helps regulate body temperature. C. exchanges with carbon dioxide. D. releases energy from glucose during cellular respiration

releases energy from glucose during cellular respiration

A person has alkalosis if the blood pH A. rises above 7.0. B. rises above 7.4. C. drops below 7.0. D. drops below 7.4.

rises above 7.4

Bases reacting with acids form ___ and water. A. hydrochloric acid B. proteins C. salts D. buffers

salts

Glycogen is stored in the liver and ___. A. toenails B. heart C. skeletal muscles D. spleen

skeletal muscles

DNA A. helps synthesize nucleic acids. B. is important in building fats. C. stores genetic information. D. provides cellular energy.

stores genetic information.

Chemistry deals with A. the composition of non-living matter only. B. energy sources. C. the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter. D. the composition of organisms only.

the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter.

The parts of a protein that change when it denatures are A. the secondary and tertiary structures. B. the tertiary and quaternary structures. C. the amino and carboxyl groups exchange locations. D. the amino acid sequence and the secondary structure.

the secondary and tertiary structures.

Conformation is A. a religious service. B. the ability of RNA to copy itself. C. the energy held in the bonds of an organic molecule, such as a protein. D. the three dimensional shape of a molecule, such as a protein.

the three dimensional shape of a molecule, such as a protein.

A CT scan differs from a conventional X-ray image because it is A. two dimensional. B. not radioactive. C. four dimensional. D. three dimensional.

three dimensional.

The ___ uses the element iodide. A. spinal cord B. liver C. thymus D. thyroid

thyroid

A protein can denature when A. peptide bonds break. B. hydrogen bonds form. C. weak hydrogen bonds break. D. bonds between carbon and oxygen break.

weak hydrogen bonds break.