Ch 11 - The Nervous System

By which one of the following methods is a stronger stimulus coded by neurons differently from a weaker stimulus?

A stronger stimulus results in more action potentials/ unit time.

Each of the following correctly describes an action potential except

Action potential are propagated by the sodium-potassium pump

Which of the following is typical of spinal cord injuries?

All of the above

During a brain surgery, the surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. Which of the following does he pass through the next?

Arachnoid

Control of smooth muscle and internal organs are the result of the ------ division of the nervous system.

Autonomic

There are several toxins that interfere with the synaptic transmission. Botulism toxin, for example, interferes with the fusion of acetylcholine- containing vesicles with the membrane of the axon bulb. This would result in which of the following?

Blocking of neurotransmitter release by the presynaptic membrane

During this process, influx of ------- causes the vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing --------.

Ca2+, neurotransmitter

Short term memory is associated with the -------, whereas long term memory is associated with the --------.

Cerebral Cortex, Limbic System

Which one of the following types of neurotransmitter functions as an inhibitory agent, typically suppressing the function of pain?

Endorphin

Medically-induced comas are the last resort efforts used by physicians to limit the swelling of the brain due to brain injury. Mannitol is often used to induce the coma; a barbiturate is used to decrease swelling.

False

Neurotransmitters always cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane

False

The functional barrier between the blood and the brain is cerebrospinal fluid.

False

The repolarization phase of an action potential is dependent on the sodium-potassium pump

False

The strength and duration of a stimulus determine the amplitude of an action potential.

False

The two major subdivisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the limbic nervous system.

False

The three main anatomical and functional divisions of the brain are the

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for speech and conscious thought?

Front

From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following structures is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain?

Hindbrain

Regulation of the production of breast milk, carbohydrate metabolism, and temperature control are some of the functions of the

Hypothalamus

Which one of the following parts of the brain actively links the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus

Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system?

Increased blood pressure

Which one of the following is not true regarding the limbic system?

Information from the limbic system is interpreted by the cerebrum

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system?

It is composed entirely of sensory neurons

Which of the following parts of brain is associated with emotions and behavior?

Limbic System

Which component of the nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic divisions?

Motor

Which of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last?

Neurotransmitter binds to receptor on postsynaptic membrane

Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus that is introduced to the body through the skin and travels along sensory neurons to the brain?

Rabies

During which of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron?

Repolarization

During which one of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron?

Repolarization

A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ------ potential.

Resting

Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment?

Sensory Division

During repolarization of a neuron,

Sodium channels close and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily re-establish the membrane potential

Which one of the following happens during repolarization of a neuron?

Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential.

Which one of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential?

Sodium-potassium pump

Both voluntary and involuntary skeletal movement are controlled through which of the following divisions of the nervous system?

Somatic division

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a demyelinating disease that results from nerve damage beginning in the

Spinal Cord

Preganglionic motor neurons of the _________ division of the nervous system originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Sympathetic

Which of the following divisions of the nervous system predominates during the relaxed state?

Sympathetic division

Which one of the following occurs with each cycle of sodium-potassium pump?

The net effect is result of one osmotic particle and one positive charge from inside the cell

Which of the following occurs during the absolute refractory period?

The neuron cannot generate an action potential.

Saltatory conduction is

The process of conduction leaping along myelinated neurons

An action potential is a long or rapid release of energy, generated by the sodium-potassium pumps of neuron.

True

Motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system transmit impulses away from the central nervous system.

True

Reestablishment of the resting potential in a neuron following an action potential requires the activity of the sodium-potassium pump.

True

Repolarization of a neuron to the resting state requires the activation of sodium-potassium pumps.

True

The absolute refractory period characteristics of neurons is important in ensuring that action potentials travel in only direction

True

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they are

are a type of neuroglial cell

Axons branch into axon terminals, which have ________ located at the terminal ends.

bulbs