Practice Exam Unit 1

12. Blood cells in a hypotonic solution will A) burst (hemolysis). B) shrink (crenation). C) stay the same size. D) plasmolyze.

A

13. Something with a pH of 5 would __________. A) have more H+ ions than OH- ions B) have fewer H+ ions than OH- ions C) be described as being basic D) be described as being neutral

A

14. By what method can the intestinal cells absorb sodium ions if they are in higher concentration inside the cell? A) active transport B) osmosis C) diffusion D) facilitated diffusion

A

16. Endoplasmic reticulum can be smooth or rough. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is different from the smooth because it has _____ embedded in it. A) ribosomes B) lysosomes C) peroxisomes D) chromatin

A

22. Which of the following are considered anchoring junctions? A) desmosomes B) connexons C) gap junctions D) tight junctions

A

8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glycolysis? A) Glycolysis requires oxygen. B) The final products of glycolysis include two molecules of pyruvic acid. C) Glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. D) Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of a cell.

A

9. What type of reaction is represented in the following chemical equation? AB → A + B A) decomposition reaction B) synthesis reaction C) exchange reaction D) reversible reaction

A

10. Which of the following conjugated carbohydrates are attached to cell surfaces? A) glycogen and amylose B) glycolipids and glycoproteins C) cellulose and starch D) All of the above.

B

20. Which of the following organelles serves as the site of protein synthesis? A) mitochondrion B) Golgi apparatus C) lysosome D) ribosome E) centriole

B

27. The molecule responsible for generating a new strand of DNA is known as ________________. A) replicase B) polymerase C) RNase D) helicase

B

6. Enzymes __________the rate of a chemical reaction by __________ the activation energy. A) decreasing; raising B) increase; lowering C) increase; raising D) decrease; lowering

B

28. If the pH or temperature of the environment that contains a protein is altered dramatically, then the protein may __________. A) become overly active B) become denatured C) take on a quaternary structure D) take on an α-helical structure

B?

15. Which of the following organelles can be compared to a power-house because it supplies the cell with energy? A) Golgi complex B) nucleus C) mitochondria D) chloroplast

C

18. Which item below is NOT a function or role performed by proteins found in the plasma membrane? A) receptor for chemical messenger molecules B) attachment site for cytoskeleton C) synthesis of proteins D) joining of adjacent cells E) transport of solutes

C

2. During transcription, __________. A) mRNA is read to produce DNA B) mRNA is read to produce a protein C) DNA is used as a template to make RNA D) tRNA is used to build a protein

C

23. For the sequence GATTACA, what would the complementary DNA strand be? A) CUAAUGU B) GATTACA C) CTAATGT D) TCGGCTC

C

24. The backbone or sides of the DNA "ladder" is composed of A) deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases. B) phosphate groups and nitrogenous bases. C) deoxyribose and phosphate groups. D) ribose and phosphate groups.

C

25. A molecule that has an anticodon on one end and a specific amino acid on the other is called ________________. A) mRNA B) rRNA C) tRNA D) chaperone

C

26. Chromosomes appear and the nuclear envelope disintegrates during which phase of mitosis? A) anaphase B) metaphase C) prophase D) telophase

C

31. What is a metabolic by-product of aerobic respiration? A) lactic acid B) oxygen C) carbon dioxide D) pyruvate

C

5. In hydrolysis, __________. A) a reactant accepts electrons B) electrons are lost from a reactant C) a molecule of water is added for each bond broken D) a molecule of water is removed when proteins are synthesized from smaller molecule

C

7. The joining of two glucose molecules, with the subsequent removal of water to form maltose is an example of a(n) __________ reaction. A) moiety B) lipid C) dehydration synthesis E) hydrolysis

C

1. Valence electrons A) determine chemical bonding properties. B) are electrons of the outermost shell. C) have a maximum number of eight. D) All of the above.

D

11. Which of the following is true about a triglyceride molecule? A) It contains a glycerol molecule. B) It contains three fatty acids. C) It has a neutral pH. D) All of the above.

D

17. Which of the following statements best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane? A) a single layer of proteins with lipid molecules dispersed within B) a protein bilayer sandwiching a layer of lipids C) a single layer of lipids surrounding a layer of proteins D) a lipid bilayer with protein molecules dispersed within it E) a single layer of proteins surrounding a single layer of lipids

D

19. Which type of membrane transport process uses ATP as a source of energy? A) simple diffusion B) primary active transport C) facilitated diffusion D) osmosis

D

21. Which of the following transport mechanisms specifically involves the movement of water? A) filtration B) secondary active transport C) primary active transport D) osmosis E) facilitated transport

D

29. What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? A) NAD B) cytochrome a3 C) water D) oxygen E) FMN

D

3. An ionic bond is __________. A) a chemical bond in which two atoms unequally share valence electrons B) a chemical bond in which two atoms equally share valence electrons C) formed when a hydrogen atom already covalently linked to one electronegative atom binds with an electron-hungry atom of another molecule to form a "bridge" D) a chemical bond formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from the valence shell of one atom to that of the other

D

30. Approximately how many ATP molecules are generated by aerobic respiration? A) 2 B) 4 C) 30 D) 38

D

32. The site of electron transport is the __________. A) mitochondrial outer membrane B) Golgi body C) cytoplasm D) mitochondrial inner membrane (cristae) E) mitochondrial matrix

D

4. When atoms or molecules combine to form larger, more complex molecules, the process is known as ______. A) catabolism B) exchange C) decomposition D) anabolism

D