Practice Questions
how are breaths delivered using a bag-mask device?
1 breath over 1 second, while watching for chest rise
what are the recommended compression to ventilation ratios for infants and children?
1 rescuer = 30:2 2 rescuers = 15:2
Scenario 3 the AED detects a shockable rhythm and advises a shock. after delivering 1 shock, you and your partner immediately resume CPR by using what ratio and which compressions technique?
complete cycles of 15 compressions and 2 breaths, and use the 2 thumb-encircling hands technique
after positioning yourself directly above the victim's head, what is the correct order of steps for using a bag-mask device?
- place the mask on the victim's face, using the bridge of the nose as a guide for correct position - use the E-C clamp technique to hold the mask in place while you lift the jaw to hold the airway open - squeeze the bag to give breaths (1 sec each) while watching for chest rise
Scenario 2 after checking for breathing and a pulse, you verify that the child is not breathing normally but has a pulse. his airway is not obstructed. how do you deliver rescue breaths?
1 breath every 2-3 seconds, or about 20-30 breaths per minute
when performing high-quality CPR on a child, what is the correct depth of compressions?
approximately 2 inches (5cm)
what is the correct approach for AED pad placement for infants and children less than 8 years of age?
as indicated on the pad packages
you respond to a collapsed pregnant female as the only rescuer. you follow the BLS sequence and find that she is unresponsive, is not breathing, and has no pulse. she is visibly pregnant. you activate the emergency response system. what is your next action?
begin chest compressions
if a choking victim is too large for you to wrap your arms around the waist, you should perform ________ thrusts
chest
Scenario 4 assigning your team members to individual roles and outlining what each member needs to do during the resuscitation attempt is an example of what element of high-performance team dynamics?
clear roles and responsibilities
Scenario 4 you and your team have initiated compressions and ventilation. The AED was attached, and "no shock" was advised. your team has continued CPR for 1 minute. you tell your team in a respectful, clear, and calm voice, "Leslie, during the next analysis by the AED, i want you and Justin to switch positions, and i want you to perform compressions for the next cycle." Leslie replies, "got it. next time the AED analyzes, i will switch with Justin and assume the role of compressor." this is an example of which element of high-performance team dynamics?
closed-loop communication
Scenario 4 as a team leader, you notice that your compressor is pushing too fast. it is important to correct actions that are incorrect, but it is also important to be tactful when delivering this correction to a colleague. this is an example of which element of team dynamics?
constructive intervention
Scenario 1 as you are providing CPR, your colleague arrives, turns on the AED, and follows the prompts. the AED analyzes the rhythm and does not advise a shock. after you immediately resume CPR, how do you continue treating the patient?
continue CPR until prompted by the AED to allow a rhythm check, the ALS team arrives, or the patient starts to move
Scenario 2 the child is unresponsive after you tap his shoulders and shout "are you okay?" he could be in cardiac arrest. what is your next step?
for 5-10 seconds, check for no breathing or only gasping while simultaneously checking the carotid pulse
Scenario 3 the infant is unresponsive when you tap her foot and shout, "are you okay?" she could be in cardiac arrest. what is your next step?
for 5-10 seconds, look for no breathing or only gasping while simultaneously checking the brachial pulse
Scenario 3 the infant isn't breathing normally but has a pulse. what do you need to do?
provide rescue breaths, with 1 breath every 2-3 seconds
after an AED delivers a shock, what should the rescuers do next?
resume CPR, starting with chest compressions
when performing abdominal thrusts on adults and children, in which direction should your thrusts be directed?
upward
Scenario 2 after turning on the AED, you follow the prompts. You know to use child pads for infants and for children younger than 8 years, but the pediatric pads are unavailable. what should you do?
use the adult pads
which of the following are resuscitation triangle roles in a high-performance team? A. timer/recorder B. AED/monitor/defibrillator C. airway D. IV/IO/medications E. compressor
B. AED/monitor/defibrillator C. airway E. compressor
Scenario 1 after checking for breathing and a pulse, you find that the patient is not breathing normally but has a pulse and needs rescue breathing. what is the correct ventilation rate?
1 breath every 6 sec, or ab 10/min
when using a pocket mask, where should the rescuer be positioned?
at the side of the victim
when should the rescuer operating the AED clear the victim?
during analysis and before shock delivery
to avoid fatigue, when should team roles alternate providing compressions?
every 5 cycles or 2 mins
when performing chest compressions for an infant, you can use 2 thumbs or put 2 _________ in the center of the chest, just below the _________ line
fingers; nipple
Scenario 2 you check the child's pulse after 2 minutes of providing rescue breaths and cannot feel a pulse. You immediately begin CPR. after performing CPR for 2 more minutes, the child still does not have a pulse and you are still alone. what is your next step?
get and use an AED
a rescuer arrives at the side of an adult victim and suspects an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. the victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally but has a pulse. what is the next action the rescuer should take?
give 1 rescue breath every 6 seconds
a rescuer arrives at the site of an adult victim and suspects an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. the victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally but has a pulse. what is the next action the rescuer should take?
give 1 rescue breath every 6 seconds
what is a sign of severe airway obstruction?
inability to speak
you witnessed the collapse of a child. you are the only rescuer and do not have a mobile phone. after confirming no breathing and no pulse, what is your next step?
leave the victim to activate the emergency response system and get the AED
during CPR on a child, you should place 1 or 2 hands over the _________________ of the ______________
lower half; breastbone
how can you achieve a high chest compression fraction?
minimize pauses in chest compressions
how is CPR performed differently when an advanced airway is in place?
no pauses for ventilations
what is the preferred method for a pulse check in an infant?
place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, midway between the infant's elbow and shoulder
when performing chest compressions for an infant in a 2-rescuer situation, you should put 2 _______ in the center of the chest, on the lower half of the breastbone
thumbs
which team role keeps track of interruptions in compressions?
timer/recorder
why is an AED needed?
to analyze the heart rhythm and provide a shock
2 life-threatening arrhythmias that can cause cardiac arrest are pulseless ventricular tachycardia and ________________
ventricular fibrillation
what is the indication for mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths?
when a barrier device is not available
Scenario 4 what action can you take as a team during and after a resuscitation attempt that helps individual team members perform better and bring awareness to system strengths and deficiencies?
debriefing
you and your colleague respond to an adult victim who is unresponsive. after assessing that the victim is not breathing and has no pulse, what do you instruct your colleague to do?
activate emergency response system and get the AED
what is the recommended depth of compressions in infants?
approximately 1 ½ inches (4cm)
Scenario 1 you tap and shout to check for responsiveness, but the patient does not respond. what is your next step after calling for help?
check breathing and pulse
when a choking infant becomes unresponsive, what is the one thing you need to do differently when performing CPR?
check the airway for the obstructing object
how do you open the airway for breaths if a single rescuer is present?
head tilt - chin lift
Scenario 1 after 4min of rescue breathing, no pulse is present during a pulse check. what immediate actions should be taken?
immediately begin CPR and turn on the AED
a bag-mask device is used to provide _______________ to a victim who is not breathing or not breathing normally
positive pressure ventilation
Scenario 3 you check the infant's pulse every 2 minutes and detect that the heart rate is less than 60/min with signs of poor perfusion. while your colleague begins CPR, what action do you need to take?
power on the AED, follow the prompts, and use child pads
which team role makes treatment decisions and assigns roles?
team leader
how does CPR differ in an unresponsive adult choking victim?
the airway is checked for the obstructing object
You should deliver __ back slaps and __ chest thrusts to a choking infant who is responsive
5; 5
Scenario 2 you are still performing CPR as a single rescuer. the AED detects a shockable rhythm and advises a shock. after delivering 1 shock, you immediately resume CPR with what ratio of compressions to breaths?
30 compressions and 2 breaths
Scenario 4 prior to arriving on scene, you assign your crew to individual roles, outlining what each member needs to do during the resuscitation attempt. which team members are responsible for the following roles? 1. assess the patient and provides compressions 2. operates the AED and alternates with the compressor after every 5 cycles or 2 minutes to avoid fatigue 3. provides ventilation
1. compressor 2. monitor / defibrillator 3. airway
what is the correct sequence of actions for performing mouth-to-mouth and nose breaths for an infant? - place your mouth over the infant's mouth and nose to create an airtight seal - give one breath, blowing for about 1 second, watching chest rise - perform a head tilt chin lift
1. perform a head tilt chin lift 2. place your mouth over the infant's mouth and nose to create an airtight seal 3. give one breath, blowing for about 1 second, watching chest rise
your adult friend suddenly collapses at home, and you determine she needs CPR. you begin CPR, starting with chest compressions, and are about to deliver breaths by using mouth-to-mouth breaths. you open the airway with a head tilt chin lift. what is the sequence of your next actions? - give 1 breath and blow for about 1 second - give a second breath (blowing for about 1 second, watching for chest rise) - watch for a chest rise while giving the breath - pinch the nose and seal your lips around the victim's mouth
1. pinch the nose and seal your lips around the victim's mouth 2. give 1 breath and blow for about 1 second 3. watch for a chest rise while giving the breath 4. give a second breath (blowing for about 1 second, watching for chest rise)
during CPR on a child, interruptions to chest compressions should be limited to no more than __ seconds
10
what is the correct chest compression rate for adults?
100 to 120/min
what is the target rate for chest compressions for children?
100-120/min
when an advanced airway is in place, chest compressions should be provided at a rate of ___ to ___ per minute
100;120
when providing rescue breaths to an adult victim, you should give __ breath every __ seconds
1; 6
with an advanced airway in place, rescue breaths should be given at a rate of __ breath every __ seconds for adults
1; 6
when providing rescue breaths to a child or infant victim, you should give 1 breath every __ to __ seconds
2; 3
what are the correct actions to take for scene safety and assessment? A. check for responsiveness B. verify scene safety C. activate emergency response system and get AED D. look for no breathing and only gasping and check pulse E. give 2 rescue breaths
A. check for responsiveness B. verify scene safety C. activate emergency response system and get AED D. look for no breathing and only gasping and check pulse
what does a chest compression feedback device monitor? A. chest recoil B. pulse rate C. breath rate D. compression rate E. compression depth
A. chest recoil D. compression rate E. compression depth
while performing high-quality CPR, when do pauses in compressions typically occur? A. defibrillation B. checking scene safety C. compressor switches D. rhythm analysis E. pulse checks F. intubation
A. defibrillation C. compressor switches D. rhythm analysis E. pulse checks F. intubation
what are some of the special considerations when using an AED? A. implanted defibrillators/pacemakers B. bleeding C. vomiting D. excessive chest hair E. water F. transdermal medicine patches
A. implanted defibrillators/pacemakers D. excessive chest hair E. water F. transdermal medicine patches
what are common administration routes for naloxone? A. intramuscular B. intravenous C. sublingual D. buccal E. intranasal F. rectal
A. intramuscular B. intravenous E. intranasal
what are examples of effective team dynamics? A. disregarding your limitations B. constructive intervention C. knowledge sharing D. clear roles and responsibilities E. debriefing F. always take the lead
B. constructive intervention C. knowledge sharing D. clear roles and responsibilities E. debriefing
what is recommended to minimize interruptions in compressions when using an AED? A. continue CPR while the AED delivers a shock B. if no shock is advised and after any shock delivery, immediately resume high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions C. attach the AED pads before starting CPR D. continue with high-quality CPR until the AED prompts to clear E. when 2 or more rescuers are present, one rescuer should continue chest compressions while the other prepares the AED
B. if no shock is advised and after any shock delivery, immediately resume high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions D. continue with high-quality CPR until the AED prompts to clear E. when 2 or more rescuers are present, one rescuer should continue chest compressions while the other prepares the AED
what are the special considerations for defibrillation in children less than 8 years of age? A. always place both pads on the chest B. use smaller-sized pads, if available C. if child pads are not included, use adult pads D. a manual defibrillator is preferred for infants less than 1 year of age E. use smaller sized pads for infants, not children
B. use smaller-sized pads, if available C. if child pads are not included, use adult pads D. a manual defibrillator is preferred for infants less than 1 year of age
what are the components of a pulse check in an unresponsive victim? A. feel for the pulse over the lateral part of the neck B. use 1 finger to locate pulse C. feel the pulse in the groove to the side of the trachea D. assess for a pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds E. use 2-3 fingers to locate the pulse
C. feel the pulse in the groove to the side of the trachea D. assess for a pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds E. use 2-3 fingers to locate the pulse
where should AED pads be placed in the anteroposterior placement for adults and children 8+? A. right side of the back B. middle of the back C. left side of the back D. left side of the chest
C. left side of the back D. left side of the chest
where should AED pads be placed in the anterolateral placement for adults and children 8 years or older? A. below the left collarbone B. below the left nipple C. side of left nipple D. below the right collarbone
C. side of left nipple D. below the right collarbone